Coldenia palmeri

• Interesting Facts
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Description

Family Boraginaceae

Herbs perennial , biennial, or annual , less often lianas, shrubs , or trees , usually bristly or scabrous-pubescent. Leaves simple , exstipulate , alternate, rarely opposite, entire or serrate at margin . Inflorescences often double scorpioid cymes, rarely solitary; bracts present or absent. Flowers bisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic. Calyx usually 5-parted or lobed , mostly persistent . Corolla tubular , campanulate , rotate, funnelform , or salverform ; tube appendages 5, rarely more, mostly trapeziform, rarely absent, sometimes a ring of hairs present; limb usually 5-parted; lobes overlapping, rarely twisted in bud. Stamens 5, inserted on corolla tube or rarely at throat , included or rarely exserted; anthers introrse , 2-loculed, usually dorsifixed at base , less often medifixed , dehiscence longitudinal . Nectaries at base of corolla tube or on disc below ovary. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate; locules 2 and each with 2 ovules, or 4 and each with 1 ovule; ovules nearly atropous , semianatropous, or anatropous . Style terminal or gynobasic , branched or not. Gynobase flat, fastigiate , or subulate . Fruit 1-4-seeded drupes or nutlets (mericarps) ; nutlets mostly dry, often ornamented with wings , prickles and/or glochids (stiff bristles with barbed or anchorlike tips ) . Seeds vertical or oblique , coat membranous; embryo straight, less often curved ; cotyledons flat, fleshy .

About 156 genera and 2500 species: temperate and tropical regions , centered in the Mediterranean region; 47 genera and 294 species in China, of which four genera and 156 species are endemic.[1]

Genus Coldenia

Herbs annual . Leaves alternate, margin lobed ; secondary veins ending in sinuses. Inflorescences generally extra-axillary on leafy twigs or in forks of branches, sometimes glomerate . Flowers sessile or on short pedicels, 4-merous. Calyx 4-lobed. Corolla throat glabrous , naked or with 4 scaly appendages ; lobes spreading , overlapping in bud. Ovary ovoid , somewhat 4-lobed, 2-loculed and with 2 ovules per locule, or falsely 4-loculed and with 1 ovule per locule; ovules anatropous . Styles 2, terminal , divided or united to middle ; stigmas 2, usually divided. Fruit fleshy or dry, fastigiate or semiglobose, endocarp bony, divided into 4 1-seeded achenelike mericarps; mericarps ± united ventrally or joined to a central extension of receptacle. Seeds with little or no endosperm or not; embryo straight or curved .

For a discussion on the generic limits of Coldenia, see Richardson (Rhodora 79: 476. 1977).

One species: Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa, Australia, North America, South America.[2]

Taxonomy

Similar Species

Members of the genus Coldenia

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More Info

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Further Reading

• A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 302.
• American plants. .. [Descriptions, bibliographical notes, synonymy, and other information, comp. from many sources] Charles Russell Orcutt, editor. San Diego, Calif., [1907]-1910. url p. 807.
• Bionomics, systematics, and phylogeny of Lytta, a genus of blister beetles (Coleoptera, Meloidae) Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1960. url p. 130.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- url , p. 111.
• Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url p. 1881, p. 2024.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 4 1893 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 163, p. 452.
• Proceedings - California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 1141, p. 1142, p. 405.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 1141, p. 1142, p. 1143, p. 405, p. 45, p. 593, p. 959.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 139.
• The Great Basin naturalist. 35 1975 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url tinkham, page 113, p. 114, p. 115, p. 117, p. 300.
• The Salton Sea; a study of the geography, the geology, the floristics, and the ecology of a desert basin, Washington, D.C.Carnegie Institution of Washington1914 url .
• Wang Wen-tsai, Liu Yu-lan, Zhu Ge-ling, Lian Yong-shan, Wang Jing-quan & Wang Qing-rui in Kung Xian-wu & Wang Wen-tsai, eds. 1989. Boraginaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 64(2): 1-253.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2771450
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 4020336

Footnotes

1. Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin "Boraginaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Coldenia". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 337. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.