Coccoloba carinata

• Interesting Facts
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Description

Family Polygonaceae

Herbs, shrubs , or small trees , sometimes monoecious or dioecious. Stems erect , prostrate , twining , or scandent , often with swollen nodes, striate , grooved , or prickly. Leaves simple , alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , petiolate or subsessile ; stipules often united to a sheath (ocrea) . Inflorescence terminal or axillary , spicate , racemose, paniculate , or capitate. Pedicel occasionally articulate . Flowers small, actinomorphic , bisexual , rarely unisexual . Perianth 3-6-merous, in 1 or 2 series, herbaceous, often enlarged in fruit or inner tepals enlarged, with wings , tubercles , or spines. Stamens usually (3-) 6-9, rarely more; filaments free or united at base ; anthers 2-loculed, opening lengthwise; disk annular (often lobed ) . Ovary superior, 1-loculed; styles 2 or 3, rarely 4, free or connate at lower part. Fruit a trigonous , biconvex , or biconcave achene; seed with straight or curved embryo and copious endosperm.

About 50 genera and 1120 species: worldwide, but primarily N temperate with a few species in tropical regions ; 13 genera (two endemic) and 238 species (65 endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Coccoloba

Trees or shrubs , evergreen ; roots woody. Stems erect or spreading , glabrous or pubescent distally. Leaves persistent , cauline, alternate, petiolate ; ocrea often deciduous, membranous to coriaceous ; blade lanceolate to round or transversely elliptic , margins entire. Inflorescences terminal , racemelike, pedunculate . Pedicels present. Flowers functionally unisexual , some plants having only staminate flowers , others with only pistillate flowers, base stipelike; perianth white or greenish white, campanulate , glabrous; tepals 5, connate proximally, sepaloid , monomorphic . Staminate flowers 1-7 per ocreate fascicle, perianth nonaccrescent; stamens 8; filaments connate at base, adnate to perianth, glabrous; anthers white or bluish white, elliptic to round; pistil rudimentary . Pistillate flowers 1 per ocreate fascicle, perianth accrescent and fleshy in fruit; stamens rudimentary; styles 3, erect, distinct ; stigmas capitate. Achenes usually included in fleshy perianth tube , brown to black, unwinged, bluntly 3-gonous, glabrous. Seeds: embryo straight. x = 11.

Species ca. 120: tropical , s North America (including Mexico), West Indies, Central America, South America.

The hypanthium usually completely invests the achene in both species of Coccoloba in the flora , becoming juicy and somewhat astringent at maturity. The fruits of C. uvifera are edible raw or are used to make jelly or wine (E. L. Little Jr. et al. 1969). Both species also enjoy some popularity in landscaping due to their attractive fruiting racemes and evergreen foliage, which on the two species in the flora is bronze colored when young (R. A. Howard 1958).[2]

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Ruiz ex Meisn. Publication : Prodr. (DC.) 14(1): 150 1856 [mid Oct 1856]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Coccoloba

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 15 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. costata (Uvilla) · C. diversifolia (Pigeon Plum) · C. krugii (Bow-Pigeon) · C. microstachya (Puckhout) · C. pallida (Pale Seagrape) · C. pubescens (Grandleaf Seagrape) · C. pyrifolia (Uvera) · C. rugosa (Ortegon) · C. sintenisii (Uvero De Monte) · C. stintenisii (Uvero De Monte) · C. swartzii (Swartz's Pigeonplum) · C. tenuifolia (Bahama Pigeonplum) · C. uvifera (Sea Grape) · C. uvifera 'Albo-Variegata' (Variegated Sea Grape) · C. venosa (False Chiggergrape)

More Info

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• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• Flora of Peru / by J. Francis Macbride; B.E. Dahlgren, editor. 13 1937 Chicago, U.S.A.: Field Museum of Natural History, [1937] url p. 456.
• Travels of Ruiz, Pavón, and Dombey in Peru and Chile (1777-1788) / by Hipólito Ruiz; with an epilogue and official documents added by Agustín Jesús Barreiro; translation by B.E. Dahlgren. 21 1940 Chicago: Field Museum of Natural History, 1940. url p. 82.
• Li Anjen, Kao Tsoching, Mao Zumei & Liu Yulan. 1998. Polygonaceae. In: Li Anjen, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 25(1): 1209.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 10764472
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15785463
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:693600-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 693600-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 3650985

Footnotes

1. Anjen Li, Bojian Bao, Alisa E. Grabovskaya-Borodina, Suk-pyo Hong, John McNeill, Sergei L. Mosyakin, Hideaki Ohba & Chong-wook Park "Polygonaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 277. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Craig C. Freeman "Coccoloba". in Flora of North America Vol. 5. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.