Cnestidium rufescens

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Description

Family Connaraceae

Trees small, shrubs , or vines , erect or scandent , evergreen or deciduous. Leaves alternate, exstipulate , petiolate ; leaf blade odd-pinnate, 3-foliolate, or 1-foliolate; leaflets subopposite or alternate, usually leathery, margin entire, rarely lobulate . Inflorescences terminal , pseudoterminal, or axillary , paniculate or racemose, bracteate . Flowers bisexual , rarely unisexual , actinomorphic , small. Sepals (4 or) 5, free or united at very base only, imbricate or valvate , persistent and clasping base of fruit. Petals (4 or) 5, free, rarely slightly connate at middle , imbricate or valvate, rarely circinate . Stamens 5–10, hypogynous or perigynous, in 2 whorls alternately longer and shorter, those opposite petals often shorter and abortive ; filaments free or shortly connate at base; anthers didymous , dorsifixed in proximal 1/2, introrse , short, dehiscing longitudinally. Disk thin or absent, surrounded by base of stamens. Carpels (1–) 5(–8), free, 1-celled, hirsute . Style subulate or filiform ; stigma subcapitate , simple or 2-lobed. Ovules 2 in each carpel (1 sometimes sterile ), collateral , erect. Fruit a usually solitary follicle, sessile or stipitate , dehiscing usually along adaxial suture, sometimes along abaxial one, very rarely circumscissile at base, sometimes indehiscent. Seed 1(or 2), erect, usually arillate , rarely exarillate ; testa thick; aril colored , fleshy ; endosperm present or absent; embryo straight; cotyledons thick and fleshy in exalbuminous seeds, thin in albuminous ones.

Between 12 and 24 genera and 180–390 species: mainly in Africa and tropical Asia, some species in the subtropics, only a few species in the New World; six genera and nine species (one endemic) in China.[1]

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,412 meters (0 to 4,633 feet).[2]

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Planch. Publication : Linnaea 23: 440 1850

Similar Species

Members of the genus Cnestidium

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More Info

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Further Reading

• Biologia centrali-americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. London, Pub. for the editors by R. H. Porter and Dulau & co., 1879-88. url , .
• Botanical abstracts. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co. url p. 221.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 22 1908 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 236.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 27 1928 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 189, p. 346.
• Flora of Costa Rica. .. by Paul C. Standley. .. 18 1937 Chicago, 1937. url p. 486.
• Flora of Guatemala, by Paul C. Standley and J.A. Steyermark. 24 1946 Chicago, 1946- url p. 484.
• Flora of the Lancetilla Valley, Honduras, by Paul C. Standley. 10 1931 Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1931. url p. 207.
• Journal of Hymenoptera research. Washington, D.C.: International Society of Hymenopterists, [1992- url p. 200.
• Memoirs of the American Entomological Society. Philadelphia, American Entomological Society, 1916- url p. 138.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 144.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 191.
• The flora of Barro Colorado Island, Panama, by Paul C. Standley. City of Washington, The Smithsonian Institution, 1927. url p. 19.
• The forests and flora of British Honduras / by Paul C. Standley and Samuel J. Record; in cooperation with the Conservator of Forests and the Agricultural Officer of the Colony. 12 1936 Chicago: [Field Museum of Natural History], 1936. url p. 151.
• Trees and shrubs of Mexico / By Paul C. Standley. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1920-1926. url p. 346.
• Chen Shao-xing. 1986. Connaraceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 38: 133150.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 16, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 18, 2007:

• Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM, MEXU/Plantas Vasculares

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3460361
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15380779
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:264202-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 264202-1
• MoBot NameID: 8400006
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1063723

Footnotes

1. Lingdi Lu & Nicholas J. Turland "Connaraceae". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 435. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 102.030 meters (334.744 feet), Standard Deviation = 623.500 based on 182 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.