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Clematis terniflora

(Japanese Virgin's-Bower, Leatherleaf Clematis, Sweet Autumn Clematis, Sweet Autumn Virginsbower, Sweetautumn Clematis, Yam-Leaved Clematis)

Common Names

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Common Names in Chinese:

Yuan Zhui Tie Xian Lian

Common Names in English:

Japanese Virgin's-Bower, Leatherleaf Clematis, Sennin-So, Sweet Autumn Clematis, Sweet Autumn Virginsbower, Sweetautumn Clematis, Yam-Leaf Clematis, Yam-Leaved Clematis

Common Names in Japanese:

Sennin-So

Description

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Family Ranunculaceae

Herbs perennial or annual , sometimes subshrubs or herbaceous or woody vines . Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, rarely opposite or whorled , simple or variously compound , palmately nerved, rarely penninerved , with or without stipules. Inflorescence a simple or compound monochasium, dichasium, simple or compound raceme, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual , sometimes unisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic, hypogynous. Sepals 3--6 or more, free , petaloid or sepaloid , imbricate or sometimes valvate in bud. Petals present or absent, 2--8 or more, free, usually with nectaries. Stamens numerous , rarely few, free; filaments linear or filiform ; anthers latrorse , introrse , or extrorse ; sometimes some sterile stamens becoming staminodes. Carpels numerous or few, rarely 1, free, rarely connate to various degrees ; ovary with 1 to many ovules. Fruit follicles or achenes, rarely capsules or berries . Seeds small, with abundant endosperm and minute embryo.

About 60 genera and 2500 species: worldwide, but richly represented in N temperate regions , particularly in E Asia; 38 genera (four endemic) and 921 species (604 endemic) in China.Wencai Wang, Dezhi Fu, Liang-Qian Li, Bruce Bartholomew, Anthony R. Brach, Bryan E. Dutton, Michael G. Gilbert, Yuichi Kadota, Orbélia R. Robinson, Michio Tamura, Michael J. Warnock, Guanghua Zhu & Svetlana N. Ziman "Ranunculaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 133. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Genus Clematis

Vines , ± woody, sometimes only at base , climbing by means of tendril-like petioles and leaf rachises, or erect , herbaceous perennials , from elongate rhizomes. Leaves cauline, opposite, simple or compound , sessile or petiolate . Leaf blade undivided or 1-3-pinnately or -ternately compound; leaf or leaflets cordate to orbiculate, oblong , lanceolate, or oblanceolate , lobed or unlobed, margins entire or toothed . Inflorescences axillary and/or terminal , 1-many-flowered cymes or panicles or flowers solitary or in fascicles, to 15 cm; bracts present and leaflike or ± scalelike or absent, not forming involucre. Flowers bisexual or unisexual , radially symmetric ; sepals not persistent in fruit, 4, white, blue, violet, red, yellow, or greenish, plane , ovate to obovate or linear , 6-60 mm; petals absent; sometimes anther-bearing staminodes between sepals and stamens; stamens many; filaments filiform to flattened; pistils 5-150, simple; ovule 1 per pistil; beak present. Fruits achenes, aggregate, sessile, lenticular , nearly terete , or flattened-ellipsoid, sides not prominently veined; beak terminal, straight or curved , 12-110 mm. X = 8.

Species ca. 300: worldwide, mostly temperate , a few subarctic , subalpine , or tropical .

Clematis is highly diverse in vegetative and floral aspects and has been divided into three or more genera by some authors , the groups segregated in some literature being Clematis subg. Atragene as the genus Atragene and Clematis subg. Viticella as the genus Viticella . Species in Clematis subg. Viorna have been crossed with highly dissimilar species in Clematis subg. Clematis and Clematis subg. Viticella, and species in Clematis subg. Clematis have been crossed with species in Clematis subg. Viticella . Chromosome morphology is strikingly similar in all subgenera .

The circumscription of subgenera in this work follows C. S. Keener and W. M. Dennis (1982) . Major realignments have been proposed by F. B . Essig (1992) on the basis of seedling morphology, including the transfer of Clematis recta and C. terniflora to Clematis subg. Viorna .

Many species are valued as ornamentals ; some have escaped from cultivation and have become established in the flora .James S. Pringle "Clematis". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Physical Description

Species Clematis terniflora

Stems climbing with tendril-like petioles and leaf rachises, 3-6 m. Leaf blade pinnately 3- or 5-foliolate; leaflets ovate or broadly lanceolate to narrowly deltate, to 6.5 × 3.5 cm, margins entire ; surfaces abaxially glabrous or very sparingly appressed-strigose on major veins. Inflorescences axillary , 3-12-flowered cymes or compound cymes or paniculate with cymose subunits. Flowers bisexual , often some unisexual (staminate ) in same inflorescence; pedicel 1-3.5 cm, slender; sepals wide-spreading, not recurved, white, linear or elliptic to lanceolate or narrowly obovate , 0.9-2.2 cm, length ca. 2-3 times width , abaxially tomentose along margins, adaxially glabrous; stamens ca. 50; filaments glabrous; staminodes absent; pistils 5-10. Achenes broad, flat, conspicuously rimmed, minutely appressed-silky, sometimes sparsely so; beak 2-6 cm. [source]

Clematis terniflora is commonly cultivated as an ornamental . It is widely naturalized in the eastern United States. The name C. paniculata J. F. Gmelin was incorrectly used for this species by Thunberg in 1794. [source]

Some authors have recognized two or more varieties in this species, correlated with their distribution in Asia, but in the study by H.Hara (1975), all of the varietal names were reduced to synonymy . [source]

ID Features: Deciduous vine. Pinnately compound leafs, comprised of 3 to 5 leaflets. Thin straw colored bark. White, fragrant flowers. Small buds with hairy scales.

Habit: Deciduous vine .

Flowers: A profusion of small white flowers in late summer, early fall . • Bloom Period: May, June, July, August, September. • Flower Conspicuous: Star shaped

Seeds: Fruit: Showy.

Foliage: Leathery, dark green • Foliage Shape: Lance-shaped • Normal foliage color: Green • Underside foliage: Green • Juvenile foliage: Green • Mature foliage: Green • New foliage: Green • Spring foliage: Green • Summer foliage: Opposite leaf arrangement . Pinnately compound leaves. Leaves composed of 3 to 5 leaflets . Up to 4" long. Cordate leaf base . Entire margins . Blue-green leaf color. • Fall foliage: No fall color.

Size/Age/Growth

Growth Rate: Moderate to fast. • Size: 20-30' tall.

Landscaping

Landscape Uses: Great on a trellis. • Liabilities: Rampant. Hard to control. • Care: Easy to grow. Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep extensive root system. Feed with a general purpose fertilizer . Provide the support of a trellis or arbor . Roots prefer a cool, shaded area, tops in the sun.

Habitat

Roadsides, thickets, and other secondary sites, edges of woods near creeks ; 0-1000 m (Ref. 53238).

Hardy to zone 5.

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,919 meters (0 to 6,296 feet).Mean = 307.320 meters (1,008.268 feet), Standard Deviation = 692.470 based on 1,478 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre.

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 9-12" apart.

Soil: Moist, well-drained, moderately fertile soil.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Moisture: Water Requirements: Water regularly, when top 3 in. of soil is dry.

Temperature: Heat Zones: High: 9 (>120 to 150 days) Low:1 (< 1 days) (map) • Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. C. dioscoreifolia var. robusta (Carr) Rehder
  2. C. maximowicziana Franchet & Savatier
  3. Clematis dioscoreifolia H. Léveillé & Vaniot
  4. Clematis dioscoreifolia Levl. & Vaniot
  5. Clematis dioscoreifolia var. robusta (Carr.) Rehd.
  6. Clematis maximowicziana Franch. & Savigny
  7. Clematis paniculata Thunb.

Notes

Publishing author : H.Lév. & Vaniot Publication : Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 339 1909 Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: Syst. nat. 1:137. 1817

Name verified on 11-Oct-1991 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 13-Jun-2005

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Clematis

There are approximately 2780 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. guascoi · C. hendersonii · C. hybrida · C. jackmanii · C. jackmanni · C. jouiniana · C. 'Abundance' (Clematis) · C. 'Acton Pride' · C. 'Ada Sari' · C. 'Ai Nor' · C. 'Ai-Nor' · C. 'Aino' · C. 'Ajisai' · C. 'Akaishi' (Clematis) · C. 'Akemi' · C. 'Akeshina' · C. 'Al-nor' · C. 'Alabast' (Early) · C. 'Alba Luxurians' (Clematis) · C. 'Alba' (Clematis) · C. 'Albatross' · C. 'Albiflora' · C. 'Albina Plena' (Clematis) · C. 'Albino Sprite' · C. 'Alblo' (Herbaceous Clematis) · C. 'Aleksandrit' · C. 'Alexander' (Clematis) · C. 'Alice Fisk' (Clematis) · C. 'Alionushka' (Solitary Clematis) · C. 'Aljonushka' · C. 'Allanah' (Clematis) · C. 'Allegro' · C. 'Alpinist' (Clematis) · C. 'Amelia Joan' · C. 'American Beauty' · C. 'Ameshisuto' · C. 'Amethyst Beauty' · C. 'Amethystina' · C. 'Ametistina' (Clematis) · C. 'Anders' (Large-Petalled Clematis) · C. 'Andrew' (Clematis) · C. 'Andromeda' (Early) · C. 'Anita' (Tangutica Clematis) · C. 'Ann Thomson' · C. 'Anna Carolina' · C. 'Anna Herman' · C. 'Anna Louise' (Early) · C. 'Anna' (Clematis) · C. 'Annabel' · C. 'Annemieke' (Tangutica Clematis) · C. 'Annie Treasure' · C. 'Anouchka' · C. 'Anti' · C. 'Antje' · C. 'Aoife' (Clematis) · C. 'Aotearoa' (Clematis) · C. 'Apple Blossom' (Armand Clematis) · C. 'Apricot Star' (Clematis) · C. 'Apulejus' · C. 'Arabella' (Clematis) · C. 'Arctic Queen' (Arctic Queen Clematis) · C. 'Asagasumi' (Clematis) · C. 'Asao' (Asao Clematis Clematis) · C. 'Ascotiensis' (Clematis) · C. 'Ashitaka' · C. 'Ashva' · C. 'Atlas' · C. 'Aureolin' (Tangutica Clematis) · C. 'Aurora Borealis' · C. 'Avalanche' (Early) · C. 'Avant-garde' (Clematis) · C. 'Axolotl' · C. 'Bacchus' · C. 'Bagatelle' · C. 'Bal Maiden' · C. 'Ballerina in Blue' · C. 'Ballet Blanc' · C. 'Ballet Skirt' · C. 'Baltyk' (Clematis) · C. 'Barbara Ann's Lace' · C. 'Barbara Dibley' (Clematis) · C. 'Barbara Harrington' (Clematis) · C. 'Barbara Jackman' (Clematis) · C. 'Barbara Wheeler' · C. 'Barbara' (Clematis) · C. 'Barnaby' · C. 'Basil Bartlett' · C. 'Beata' · C. 'Beautiful Meteor' · C. 'Beauty of Richmond' (Clematis) · C. 'Beauty of Worcester' (Clematis) · C. 'Bee's Jubilee' (Bee's Jubilee Clematis) · C. 'Bella' (Clematis) · C. 'Belle Nantaise' (Clematis) · C. 'Belle of Woking' (Belle of Woking Clematis) · C. 'Benedictus' (Clematis) · C. 'Beni-no-kagayaki' · C. 'Berkeley Square' (Clematis) · C. 'Bessie Watkinson' · C. 'Beth Currie' (Beth Currie Clematis)

Bibliography

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More Info

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

Last Revised: 2008-08-21