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Clarkia concinna

(Lovely Clarkia)

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Lovely Clarkia, Red Ribbons

Description

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Family Onagraceae

Annual or perennial herbs, or shrubs , rarely trees to 30 m tall, often with epidermal oil cells , usually with internal phloem . Leaves simple , spirally arranged , opposite, or occasionally whorled , entire or toothed to pinnatifid ; stipules present and usually caducous , or absent. Flowers perfect and hermaphroditic or occasionally unisexual , actinomorphic or zygomorphic, (2-) 4(-7) -merous, axillary , in leafy spikes or racemes or solitary, or occasionally in panicles, all but Ludwigia with distinct floral tube , nectariferous within. Sepals green or colored , valvate . Petals as many as sepals or rarely absent, variously colored, imbricate or convolute and occasionally clawed. Stamens as many as sepals in one series or 2 × as many as sepals in 2 series [in Lopezia Cavanilles reduced to 2 or 1 plus 1 sterile staminode]; anthers versatile or basifixed , dithecal , sometimes cross-partitioned, opening by longitudinal slits; pollen grains almost always united by viscin threads, shed as monads , tetrads , or polyads . Ovary inferior, with as many carpels and locules as sepals, septa sometimes thin or absent at maturity; placentation axile or parietal , ovules 1 to many per locule, in 1 or several rows or clustered, anatropous , bitegmic; style 1; stigma with as many lobes as sepals or clavate to globose . Fruit a loculicidal capsule or indehiscent nut or berry. Seeds small, smooth or variously sculptured , sometimes with a coma [or wing], with straight oily embryo, endosperm lacking.

Seventeen genera and ca. 650 species: widespread in temperate and subtropical areas, but best represented in W North America; six genera (two introduced ), 64 species (11 endemic, 11 introduced), and five natural hybrids (two endemic) in China.

Onagraceae are a well-defined, monophyletic family in the order Myrtales, with a sister relationship to Lythraceae. Within the order Myrtales, the Onagraceae are distinguished by a number of features including (1) a distinctive 4-nucleate embryo sac; (2) abundant raphides in vegetative cells ; (3) paracrystalline beaded pollen ektexine; and (4) pollen with viscin threads.

Some species of Oenothera are grown for the oil in their seeds, which contains gamma linolenic acid (GLA), used for medicinal purposes. Several species of Onagraceae also are cultivated in China for their horticultural value, including species of Fuchsia Linnaeus (generally distinguished by having large, tubular , red or orange flowers and fleshy berries ) and Clarkia Pursh (distinguished by having stigmas with commissural lobes with dry, unicellular papillae, and dry, elongate capsules similar to those of Epilobium but lacking comas on the seeds) . The most commonly cultivated Fuchsia is F. ×hybrida Hort. and the related F. magellanica Lamarck in F. sect. Quelusia (Vandelli) Candolle from South America; F. triphylla Linnaeus, in F. sect. Fuchsia, from Hispaniola, is known from only one gathering in Fujian. Similarly, Clarkia amoena (Lehmann) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride is widely cultivated in China, whereas C. pulchella Pursh is known from only one gathering in Xizang; both species are native to W North America. There are no naturalized species of either Clarkia or Fuchsia in China.[1]

Physical Description

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Bloom Period: March, April, May, June. • Flower Color: pink, red

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 12-18" tall.

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,975 meters (0 to 6,480 feet).[2]

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. Eucharidium Concinnum

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Pittonia 1:140. 1887

Name verified on 10-Oct-1991 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 14-Mar-2001

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Clarkia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 151 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. affinis (Chaparral Clarkia) · C. amoena (Farewell To Spring) · C. amoena amoena (Intermediate Enchanter's Nightshade) · C. amoena caurina (Farewell To Spring) · C. amoena 'Flamingo Red' (Farewell-To-Spring) · C. amoena 'Flamingo Rose Eye' (Farewell-To-Spring) · C. amoena 'Flamingo Salmon' (Farewell-To-Spring) · C. amoena 'Fruit Punch' · C. amoena huntiana (Farewell To Spring) · C. amoena lindleyi (Farewell-To-Spring) · C. amoena 'Rembrandt' · C. amoena subsp. caurina (Farewell To Spring) · C. amoena subsp. huntiana (Farewell To Spring) · C. amoena subsp. lindleyi (Lindley's Clarkia) · C. amoena subsp. whitneyi (Whitney's Clarkia) · C. amoena 'Sweeties' (Farewell-To-Spring) · C. amoena 'Thoroughly Modern Millie' · C. arcuata (Glandular Fairyfan) · C. arnottii · C. australis (Small's Southern Clarkia) · C. biloba (Two-Lobed Clarkia) · C. biloba australis (Whitney's Farewell-To-Spring) · C. biloba biloba (Twolobe Clarkia) · C. biloba brandegeeae (Brandegee's Clarkia) · C. biloba subsp. australis (Mariposa Clarkia) · C. biloba subsp. brandegeae · C. borealis (Northern Clarkia) · C. borealis arida (Shasta Clarkia) · C. borealis borealis · C. borealis subsp. arida (Shasta Clarkia) · C. bottae · C. bottae 'Amethyst Glow' · C. bottae 'Lady in Blue' (Farewell To Spring) · C. breweri (Brewer's Clarkia) · C. breweri 'Pink Ribbons' (Brewers Clarkia) · C. calientensis calientensis · C. concinna (Lovely Clarkia) · C. concinna automixa (Punch-Bowl Godetia) · C. concinna concinna (Red Ribbons) · C. concinna 'Pink Ribbons' · C. concinna subsp. automixa (Red Ribbons) · C. concinna subsp. raichei (Raiche's Clarkia) · C. cylindrica (Cylindrical Clarkia) · C. cylindrica clavicarpa (Raiche's Red-Ribbons) · C. cylindrica cylindrica · C. cylindrica subsp. clavicarpa (Speckled Clarkia) · C. davyi (Davy's Fairyfan) · C. decumbens · C. deflexa · C. delicata (Delicate Clarkia) · C. dudleyana (Dudley's Fairyfan) · C. eiseneana · C. elegans · C. elegans 'Apple Blossom' (Mountain Garland) · C. elegans 'Salmon Princess' (Mountain Garland) · C. elegans 'Salmon Queen' (Mountain Garland) · C. epilobioides (Willow-Herb Clarkia) · C. exilis (Kern River Fairyfan) · C. franciscana (Presidio Clarkia) · C. gauroides · C. gracilis (Farewelltospring) · C. gracilis albicaulis (White-Stemmed Clarkia) · C. gracilis gracilis (Slender Clarkia) · C. gracilis sonomensis (Sonoma Clarkia) · C. gracilis subsp. albicaulis (Whitestem Clarkia) · C. gracilis subsp. sonomensis (Sonoma Clarkia) · C. gracilis subsp. tracyi (Tracy's Clarkia) · C. grandiflora · C. heterandra (Mountain Clarkia) · C. imbricata (Vine Hill Clarkia) · C. jolonensis (Jolon Clarkia) · C. lassenensis (Mt. Lassen Clarkia) · C. lewisii (Lewis' Clarkia) · C. ligulata · C. lingulata (Merced Clarkia) · C. mildredae · C. mildrediae (Mildred's Clarkia) · C. mildrediae lutescens (Tracy's Clarkia) · C. mildrediae mildrediae · C. mildrediae subsp. lutescens (Mildred's Clarkia) · C. modesta (Waltham Creek Fairyfan) · C. mosquinii (Mosquins Fairy Fan) · C. mosquinii xerophila · C. neriifolia · C. nitens · C. nitens nitens · C. 'Orange Glow' · C. parviflora · C. prostrata (Prostrate Clarkia) · C. pulchella (Large-Flower Clarkia) · C. pulchella 'Confetti Mix' (Deerhorn Clarkia) · C. pulchella 'Passion for Purple' (Deerhorn Clarkia) · C. pulchella 'Snowflake' (Deerhorn Clarkia) · C. pulcherrima · C. purpurea (Winecup Fairyfan) · C. purpurea purpurea (Winecup Fairyfan) · C. purpurea quadrivulnera (Winecup Fairyfan) · C. purpurea subsp. quadrivulnera (Winecup Fairyfan) · C. purpurea subsp. viminea (Winecup Clarkia) · C. purpurea viminea (Winecup Fairyfan)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 03, 2008:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Jiarui Chen, Peter C. Hoch, Peter H. Raven, David E. Boufford & Warren L. Wagner "Onagraceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 274, 290, 400. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. Mean = 343.250 meters (1,126.148 feet), Standard Deviation = 536.900 based on 76 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
Last Revised: 7/1/2009