Clarkia concinna

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Onagraceae

Annual or perennial herbs, or shrubs , rarely trees to 30 m tall, often with epidermal oil cells , usually with internal phloem . Leaves simple , spirally arranged , opposite, or occasionally whorled , entire or toothed to pinnatifid ; stipules present and usually caducous , or absent. Flowers perfect and hermaphroditic or occasionally unisexual , actinomorphic or zygomorphic, (2-) 4(-7) -merous, axillary , in leafy spikes or racemes or solitary, or occasionally in panicles, all but Ludwigia with distinct floral tube , nectariferous within. Sepals green or colored , valvate . Petals as many as sepals or rarely absent, variously colored, imbricate or convolute and occasionally clawed. Stamens as many as sepals in one series or 2 Ã as many as sepals in 2 series [in Lopezia Cavanilles reduced to 2 or 1 plus 1 sterile staminode]; anthers versatile or basifixed , dithecal , sometimes cross-partitioned, opening by longitudinal slits; pollen grains almost always united by viscin threads, shed as monads , tetrads , or polyads . Ovary inferior, with as many carpels and locules as sepals, septa sometimes thin or absent at maturity; placentation axile or parietal , ovules 1 to many per locule, in 1 or several rows or clustered, anatropous , bitegmic; style 1; stigma with as many lobes as sepals or clavate to globose . Fruit a loculicidal capsule or indehiscent nut or berry. Seeds small, smooth or variously sculptured , sometimes with a coma [or wing], with straight oily embryo, endosperm lacking.

Seventeen genera and ca. 650 species: widespread in temperate and subtropical areas, but best represented in W North America; six genera (two introduced ), 64 species (11 endemic, 11 introduced), and five natural hybrids (two endemic) in China.

Onagraceae are a well-defined, monophyletic family in the order Myrtales, with a sister relationship to Lythraceae. Within the order Myrtales, the Onagraceae are distinguished by a number of features including (1) a distinctive 4-nucleate embryo sac; (2) abundant raphides in vegetative cells ; (3) paracrystalline beaded pollen ektexine; and (4) pollen with viscin threads.

Some species of Oenothera are grown for the oil in their seeds, which contains gamma linolenic acid (GLA), used for medicinal purposes. Several species of Onagraceae also are cultivated in China for their horticultural value, including species of Fuchsia Linnaeus (generally distinguished by having large, tubular , red or orange flowers and fleshy berries ) and Clarkia Pursh (distinguished by having stigmas with commissural lobes with dry, unicellular papillae, and dry, elongate capsules similar to those of Epilobium but lacking comas on the seeds) . The most commonly cultivated Fuchsia is F. Ãhybrida Hort. and the related F. magellanica Lamarck in F. sect. Quelusia (Vandelli) Candolle from South America; F. triphylla Linnaeus, in F. sect. Fuchsia, from Hispaniola, is known from only one gathering in Fujian. Similarly, Clarkia amoena (Lehmann) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride is widely cultivated in China, whereas C. pulchella Pursh is known from only one gathering in Xizang; both species are native to W North America. There are no naturalized species of either Clarkia or Fuchsia in China.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,975 meters (0 to 6,480 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Eucharidium Concinnum

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Clarkia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 99 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. affinis (Chaparral Clarkia) · C. amoena (Atlasflower) · C. amoena amoena (Broad-Leaf Enchanter's-Nightshade) · C. amoena caurina (Farewell To Spring) · C. amoena huntiana (Farewell To Spring) · C. amoena lindleyi (Farewell-To-Spring) · C. amoena subsp. caurina (Farewell To Spring) · C. amoena 'Flamingo Red' (Atlasflower) · C. amoena 'Flamingo Rose Eye' (Atlasflower) · C. amoena 'Flamingo Salmon' (Atlasflower) · C. amoena subsp. huntiana (Farewell To Spring) · C. amoena subsp. lindleyi (Lindley's Clarkia) · C. amoena 'Sweeties' (Atlasflower) · C. amoena subsp. whitneyi (Whitney's Clarkia) · C. arcuata (Glandular Clarkia) · C. australis (Small Southern Clarkia) · C. biloba (Two-Lobed Clarkia) · C. biloba australis (Whitney's Clarkia) · C. biloba biloba (Twolobe Clarkia) · C. biloba brandegeeae (Brandegee's Clarkia) · C. biloba subsp. australis (Mariposa Clarkia) · C. borealis (Northern Clarkia) · C. borealis arida (Shasta Clarkia) · C. borealis subsp. arida (Shasta Clarkia) · C. bottae 'Lady in Blue' (Bottas Clarkia) · C. breweri (Brewer Clarkia) · C. breweri 'Pink Ribbons' (Brewers Clarkia) · C. concinna (Lovely Clarkia) · C. concinna automixa (Botta Clarkia) · C. concinna concinna (Red Ribbons) · C. concinna subsp. automixa (Red Ribbons) · C. concinna subsp. raichei (Raiche's Clarkia) · C. cylindrica (Cylindrical Clarkia) · C. cylindrica clavicarpa (Raiche's Clarkia) · C. cylindrica subsp. clavicarpa (Speckled Clarkia) · C. davyi (Davy's Clarkia) · C. delicata (Campo Clarkia) · C. dudleyana (Dudley's Clarkia) · C. elegans 'Apple Blossom' (Clarkia) · C. elegans 'Salmon Princess' (Clarkia) · C. elegans 'Salmon Queen' (Clarkia) · C. epilobioides (Canyon Clarkia) · C. exilis (Kern River Clarkia) · C. franciscana (Presidio Clarkia) · C. gracilis (Farewelltospring) · C. gracilis albicaulis (Whitestem Clarkia) · C. gracilis gracilis (Slender Clarkia) · C. gracilis sonomensis (Sonoma Clarkia) · C. gracilis subsp. albicaulis (Whitestem Clarkia) · C. gracilis subsp. sonomensis (Sonoma Clarkia) · C. gracilis subsp. tracyi (Tracy's Clarkia) · C. heterandra (Mountain Clarkia) · C. imbricata (Vine Hill Clarkia) · C. jolonensis (Jolon Clarkia) · C. lassenensis (Lassen Clarkia) · C. lewisii (Lewis Clarkia) · C. lingulata (Merced Clarkia) · C. mildrediae (Mildred Clarkia) · C. mildrediae lutescens (Tracy's Clarkia) · C. mildrediae subsp. lutescens (Mildred's Clarkia) · C. modesta (Waltham Creek Clarkia) · C. mosquinii (Mosquin Clarkia) · C. prostrata (Prostrate Clarkia) · C. pulchella (Deerhorn Clarkia) · C. pulchella 'Confetti Mix' (Deerhorn Clarkia) · C. pulchella 'Passion for Purple' (Deerhorn Clarkia) · C. pulchella 'Snowflake' (Deerhorn Clarkia) · C. purpurea (Purple Clarkia) · C. purpurea purpurea (Winecup Clarkia) · C. purpurea quadrivulnera (Winecup Clarkia) · C. purpurea viminea (Winecup Clarkia) · C. purpurea subsp. quadrivulnera (Winecup Fairyfan) · C. purpurea subsp. viminea (Winecup Clarkia) · C. repens (Farewell-To-Spring) · C. rhomboidea (Broadleaf Clarkia) · C. rostrata (Beaked Clarkia) · C. rubicunda (Beautiful Clarkia) · C. rubicunda 'Satin Mixed' (Farewell-To-Spring) · C. rubicunda 'Shamini' (Farewell-To-Spring) · C. similis (Ramona Clarkia) · C. speciosa (Red-Spot Clarkia) · C. speciosa nitens (Pismo Clarkia) · C. speciosa speciosa (Redspot Clarkia) · C. speciosa subsp. immaculata (Pismo Clarkia) · C. speciosa subsp. nitens (Redspot Clarkia) · C. speciosa subsp. polyantha (Redspot Clarkia) · C. stellata (Lake Almanor Clarkia) · C. tembloriensis (Temblor Range Clarkia) · C. tembloriensis calientensis (Springville Clarkia) · C. tembloriensis subsp. calientensis (Vasek's Clarkia) · C. unguiculata (Elegant Clarkia) · C. virgata (Sierra Clarkia) · C. whitneyi (Whitney's Clarkia) · C. williamsonii (Fort Miller Clarkia) · C. xanthiana (Gunsight Clarkia) · C. xantiana (Gunsight Clarkia) · C. xantiana parviflora (Kern Canyon Clarkia) · C. xantiana xantiana (Gunsight Clarkia) · C. xantiana subsp. parviflora (Kern Canyon Clarkia)

More Info

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Further Reading

• 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 440.
• A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 575, p. 576.
• American plants. .. [Descriptions, bibliographical notes, synonymy, and other information, comp. from many sources] Charles Russell Orcutt, editor. San Diego, Calif., [1907]-1910. url p. 591.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 184, p. 186.
• Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url , p. 1792, p. 1985, p. 2015.
• Field book of western wild flowers, by Margaret Armstrong in collaboration with J.J. Thornber. .. with five hundred illustrations in black and white, and forty-eight plates in color drawn from nature by the author. London, C. [sic] P. Putnam's Sons, 1915. url p. 322, p. 584, p. 584.
• Popular studies of California wild flowers, San Francisco, Cal.: Upton bros. & Delzelle, [c1920] url p. 102.
• The Great Basin naturalist. 40 1980 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 400.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 1160.
• University of California publications in botany. Berkeley, Calif., University of California Press, 1902-2001. url p. 129.
• Western flower guide, wild flowers of the Rockies and west to the Pacific, Garden City, Doubleday, Page & company, 1917. url p. 133, p. 274.
• Chen Chiajui, Lu Shangzhi & Li Yibin. 2000. Onagraceae. In: Chen Chiajui, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 53(2): 27-133.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 03, 2008:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Harvard University Herbaria, Harvard University Herbaria
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-27590
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13743335
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:611497-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 314832
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 27590
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 59720-2
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDONA050A0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CLCO
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 31421

Footnotes

1. Jiarui Chen, Peter C. Hoch, Peter H. Raven, David E. Boufford & Warren L. Wagner "Onagraceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 274, 290, 400. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 343.250 meters (1,126.148 feet), Standard Deviation = 536.900 based on 76 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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