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• Taxonomy
• Physical Description
• Distribution
• Reproduction
• Growth
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
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Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms:

1. Citrus decumana (L.) L.
2. Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication: Interpr. Herb. amboin. 296. 1917

Name verified on 27-Dec-1988 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 07-Oct-2005

Physical Description

Family Rutaceae:

The Rutaceae are herbs, shrubs, and trees with glandular punctate, commonly strongly smelling herbage comprising about 150 genera and 1,500 species that are further characterized by the common occurrence of spines and winged petioles. The leaves are alternate or opposite, simple or palmately or pinnately compound, or sometimes heathlike or reduced to spines; stipules are absent. The flowers are often sweet-scented, nearly always bisexual, and are actinomorphic or sometimes zygomorphic. The calyx consists of 3-5 distinct or basally connate sepals and the corolla consists of 3-5 distinct or sometimes connate petals or rarely the petals are lacking. The androecium consists of distinct or sometimes connate stamens that are commonly obdiplostemonous, that is in two whorls with the outer whorl opposite the petals. However, sometimes there may be (1)3-4 whorls or rarely up to 60 stamens. The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of commonly 2-5 or more, often incompletely connate carpels that may be united only basally or apically, either one or an equal number of styles, and a superior ovary with usually 2-5 or more locules, each bearing 1-several axile ovules. Generally, an intrastaminal nectary disk is situated between the stamens and the ovary. The fruit is variable. -- Gerald Carr.

Genus Citrus:

Evergreen, small trees or shrubs, often spiny. Leaves simple, alternate, glandular punctate, petiole winged or margined. Flowers perfect or staminate, solitary or clustered in axillary racemes. Calyx 4-5-lobed, glabrous or pubescent. Petals (4-) 5(-8). Stamens 4-10 times the petals, polyadelphous. Ovary 10-14-locular, ovules biseriate or collateral. Fruit a fleshy hesperidium, globose to mamillate-oblong to oblate, rind tight or loose, with oil glands. Seeds embedded in pulpy vesicles.

Most or all of the species are cultivated, derived from the native species of tropical and subtropical regions of SE. Asia. Because of its great economic importance, domestication, cultivation and hybridization of the species has led to many varieties and forms, thus providing taxonomic problems. The following account of the species is primarily based on the work of Tanaka & Swingle with modifications in the treatment of the varieties.

Tanaka has described over 100 species. A genus widely cultivated.^[1]

Habit: Tree, Shrub

Flowers: Flower Color: near white, white

Images:

Distribution

Range and Population

Caribbean

Native: .

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Citrus:

There are approximately 688 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: C. aurantifolia latifolia · C. aurantifolia murgetana · C. bergamia mellarosa · C. limetta murcica · C. reticulata tachibana · C. sechen sjanchen · C. sinensis crassa · C. sinensis fetifera · C. sinensis hierochuntica · C. sinensis lusitanica · C. floridana · C. tangelo · C. temple · C. 'Clem-Yuz 3-3' (Mandarin Orange) · C. 'Clemenpons' · C. 'Fukushu' · C. 'Kulci' · C. 'La Valette' · C. 'Lipo' · C. 'Loretina' · C. 'Ponderosa' · C. 'Pursta' · C. 'Tangerine' · C. acida · C. adami · C. alata · C. albida · C. amara · C. amblycarpa (Nasnaran Mandarin) · C. amblycarpa djeruk lime · C. ampullacea · C. angulata · C. annamensis · C. anonyma · C. arethusa · C. articulata · C. asahikan · C. assamensis · C. aurantiaca · C. aurantiacum · C. aurantiata 'Chinese Citron' · C. aurantifolia 'Paduk' · C. aurantifolia 'Persian Lime' (Lime) · C. aurantifolia subsp. latifolia · C. aurantifolia subsp. murgetana · C. aurantifolia x · C. aurantifolium · C. aurantiifolia (Key Lime) · C. aurantiifolia 'Bearss' · C. aurantiifolia 'Breegold' · C. aurantiifolia 'Lima Bears' · C. aurantiifolia 'Mexican' · C. aurantiifolia 'Tahiti Lime' · C. aurantiifolia Indian lime · C. aurantiifolia key lime · C. aurantiifolia x Fortunella · C. aurantiifolia × limon · C. aurantioides · C. aurantium (Bergamot) · C. aurantium 'Aber's Narrowleaf' · C. aurantium 'Bigaradier Apepu' · C. aurantium 'Bittersweet' · C. aurantium 'Bouquet de Fleurs' · C. aurantium 'Bouquetier de Nice à Fleurs Doubles' · C. aurantium 'Bouquetier de Nice' · C. aurantium 'Gou-tou Cheng' · C. aurantium 'Sauvage' · C. aurantium 'Seville' · C. aurantium 'Smooth Flat Seville' · C. aurantium 'Willowleaf' · C. aurantium amara · C. aurantium aurantium · C. aurantium bergamia (Bergamot Orange) · C. aurantium f. deliciosa · C. aurantium f. grandis · C. aurantium f. intermedia · C. aurantium f. natsudaidai · C. aurantium junos · C. aurantium L. var. myrtifolia Ker Gawl. · C. aurantium subf. ampullacea · C. aurantium subf. anonyma · C. aurantium subf. asahikan · C. aurantium subf. banyu · C. aurantium subf. benikawa · C. aurantium subf. canaliculata · C. aurantium subf. cyathifera · C. aurantium subf. dulcis · C. aurantium subf. glaberrima · C. aurantium subf. hakunikuyu · C. aurantium subf. iyo · C. aurantium subf. jiyu · C. aurantium subf. medioglobosa · C. aurantium subf. mitsuyu · C. aurantium subf. omikanto · C. aurantium subf. pseudogulgul · C. aurantium subf. sekitoyu · C. aurantium subf. sinensis · C. aurantium subf. sinograndis · C. aurantium subf. soyu · C. aurantium subf. sulcata

Bibliography

• Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. (F China)
• Dassanayake, M. D. & F. R. Fosberg, eds. 1980–. A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon. (F Ceylon) [= C. grandis (L.) Osbeck].
• Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
• Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. (Mansf Ency)
• Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
• Mabberley, D. J. 1997. A classification for edible Citrus (Rutaceae). Telopea 7:170.
• Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. (Food Feed Crops US)
• Merrill, E. D. 1922–1926. An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants. (F Philipp)
• Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (Dict Rehm)
• Scora, R. W. & D. H. Nicolson. 1986. The correct name for the shaddock, Citrus maxima, not C. grandis (Rutaceae). Taxon 35:592.
• Smith, A. C. 1979–1991. Flora vitiensis nova. (F Viti)
• Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946–1976. Flora of Guatemala. (F Guat)
• Swingle, W. T. & P. C. Reece. 1967. The botany of Citrus and its wild relatives. (Bot Citrus) [= C. grandis].
• Tanaka, T. 1954. Revisio aurantiacearum. 9:117. [= C. grandis].
• Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966–. Flora of Iraq. (F Iraq) [= C. grandis].
• Verheij, E. W. M. & R. E. Coronel, eds. 1991. Edible fruits and nuts. Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA). (Pl Res SEAs) 2:128.
• Walker, E. 1976. Flora of Okinawa and the southern Ryukyu Islands. (F Okin) [= C. grandis].
• Yaacob, O. & S. Subhadrabandhu. 1995. The production of economic fruits in South-East Asia. (PrEcFr) [= C. grandis].

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Notes

Contributors:

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 11, 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 27, 2008)
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum: Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Missouri Botanical Garden

Identifiers:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 501574
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 838100
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:771977-1
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CIGR CIMA5
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 30938

Footnotes:

1. "Citrus". in Flora of Pakistan Page 19. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.