Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
Citronelle, Jamberi, Jambhiri-Orange, Mazoe Lemon, Rough Lemon
Common Names in French:
Citron Verruqueux
Common Names in Spanish:
Limón Rugoso, Rugoso
Description
Family Rutaceae
The Rutaceae are herbs, shrubs , and trees with glandular punctate , commonly strongly smelling herbage comprising about 150 genera and 1,500 species that are further characterized by the common occurrence of spines and winged petioles . The leaves are alternate or opposite, simple or palmately or pinnately compound , or sometimes heathlike or reduced to spines; stipules are absent. The flowers are often sweet-scented, nearly always bisexual , and are actinomorphic or sometimes zygomorphic. The calyx consists of 3-5 distinct or basally connate sepals and the corolla consists of 3-5 distinct or sometimes connate petals or rarely the petals are lacking. The androecium consists of distinct or sometimes connate stamens that are commonly obdiplostemonous , that is in two whorls with the outer whorl opposite the petals. However, sometimes there may be (1)3-4 whorls or rarely up to 60 stamens. The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of commonly 2-5 or more, often incompletely connate carpels that may be united only basally or apically, either one or an equal number of styles, and a superior ovary with usually 2-5 or more locules, each bearing 1-several axile ovules. Generally, an intrastaminal nectary disk is situated between the stamens and the ovary. The fruit is variable. -- Gerald Carr.
Genus Citrus
Evergreen
, small trees
or shrubs
, often spiny
. Leaves simple
, alternate, glandular
punctate
, petiole
winged
or margined
. Flowers perfect
or staminate
, solitary or clustered in axillary
racemes
. Calyx 4-5-lobed, glabrous
or pubescent
. Petals (4-) 5(-8). Stamens 4-10 times the petals, polyadelphous
. Ovary 10-14-locular, ovules biseriate
or collateral
. Fruit a fleshy
hesperidium
, globose
to mamillate-oblong to oblate
, rind
tight or loose
, with oil glands
. Seeds embedded
in pulpy vesicles
.
Most or all of the species are cultivated, derived from the native species
of tropical
and subtropical
regions of SE. Asia. Because of its great economic importance, domestication
, cultivation and hybridization of the species has led to many varieties and forms, thus providing taxonomic
problems. The following account of the species is primarily based on the work of Tanaka & Swingle with modifications in the treatment of the varieties.
Tanaka has described over 100 species. A genus widely cultivated.[1]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Place of publication
: Indian Forester 36:342. 1910
Name verified on 17-Dec-1999 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 17-Dec-1999
Similar Species
Members of the genus Citrus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 631 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
C. acida · C. adami · C. alata · C. albida · C. amara · C. amblycarpa (Nasnaran Mandarin) · C. amblycarpa djeruk lime · C. ampullacea · C. angulata · C. annamensis · C. anonyma · C. arethusa · C. articulata · C. asahikan · C. assamensis · C. aurantiaca · C. aurantiacum · C. aurantiata 'Chinese Citron' · C. aurantifolia · C. aurantifolia latifolia · C. aurantifolia murgetana · C. aurantifolia 'Paduk' · C. aurantifolia 'Persian Lime' (Lime) · C. aurantifolia x (Mexican Lime) · C. aurantifolium · C. aurantiifolia (West Indian Lime) · C. aurantiifolia 'Bearss' · C. aurantiifolia 'Breegold' · C. aurantiifolia Indian lime · C. aurantiifolia key lime · C. aurantiifolia 'Lima Bears' · C. aurantiifolia 'Mexican' · C. aurantiifolia 'Tahiti Lime' · C. aurantiifolia x Fortunella · C. aurantiifolia × limon · C. aurantioides · C. aurantium (Seville Orange) · C. aurantium 'Aber's Narrowleaf' · C. aurantium amara · C. aurantium aurantium (Seville Orange) · C. aurantium bergamia (Bergamot Orange) · C. aurantium 'Bigaradier Apepu' · C. aurantium 'Bittersweet' · C. aurantium 'Bouquetier de Nice' · C. aurantium 'Bouquet de Fleurs' · C. aurantium dulcis · C. aurantium f. deliciosa · C. aurantium f. grandis · C. aurantium f. intermedia · C. aurantium f. natsudaidai · C. aurantium 'Gou-tou Cheng' · C. aurantium L. var. myrtifolia Ker Gawl. · C. aurantium saponacea · C. aurantium 'Sauvage' · C. aurantium 'Seville' · C. aurantium sinensis · C. aurantium 'Smooth Flat Seville' · C. aurantium var. dulcis · C. aurantium var. myrtifolia · C. aurantium var. myrtifolia 'Chinotto' (Myrtle-Leaved Sour Orange) · C. aurantium 'Willowleaf' · C. aurantum · C. auraria · C. aurata · C. aurea · C. australasica · C. australasica var. australasica · C. australasica var. sanguinea · C. australis · C. balotina · C. benikoji · C. bergamia · C. bergamia bergamia (Bergamot Orange) · C. bergamia bergamot · C. bergamia 'Fantastico' · C. bergamia 'Feminello' · C. bergamia mellarosa · C. bergamota · C. bicolor · C. bigaradia (Bigarade Orange) · C. bigena · C. boholensis · C. buxifolia · C. calamondin · C. calot · C. canaliculata · C. canariculata · C. cataphracta · C. cavaleriei · C. cedra · C. cedrata · C. celebica · C. chachiensis · C. changshan-huyou · C. chilensis · C. 'Chironja' · C. chrysocarpa · C. 'Clem-Yuz 3-3' (Ten-Degree Tangerine) · C. 'Clemenpons' · C. clementina
More Info
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- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 359.
- Carpenter, J. B. & P. C. Reece. 1969. Catalog of genera, species, and subordinate taxa in the orange subfamily Aurantioideae (Rutaceae). (Cat Aurant)
- Facciola, S. 1990. Cornucopia, a source book of edible plants. (Cornucopia) [= C. ×jambhiri Lush.].
- Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6. (Mansf Ency)
- Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard)
- Mabberley, D. J. 1997. A classification for edible Citrus (Rutaceae). Telopea 7:170. [= C. ×jambhiri Lush.].
- Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2. (Mansfeld) [= C. limon (L.) Burm. f.].
- Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2. (Food Feed Crops US)
- Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (Dict Rehm)
- Singh, R. & Nath. 1969. Proc. int. Citrus symp. 1:439.
- Spiegel-Roy, P. & E. E. Goldschmidt. 1996. Biology of Citrus. Cambridge Univ. Press. (Biol Citrus)
- Stone, B. C. 1994. Citrus fruits of Assam: a new key to species, and remarks on Citrus assamensis Bhattacharya and Dutta, 1956. Gard. Bull. Singapore 46:105–112.
- Swingle, W. T. & P. C. Reece. 1967. The botany of Citrus and its wild relatives. (Bot Citrus) [discusses "jambhiri" under C. limon].
- Tanaka, T. 1954. Revisio aurantiacearum. 9:115.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 27, 2008)
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2670376
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-506404
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13764069
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:771937-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 10723
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 506404
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 771937-1
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CIJA
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 30933
Footnotes
- "Citrus". in Flora of Pakistan Page 19. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
