Cissus trifoliata

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Vitaceae

Woody climbers , sometimes vines , rarely small succulent trees , hermaphroditic or polygamo-monoecious to polygamo-dioecious . Stems unarmed , sometimes with conspicuous lenticels , or bark sometimes shredding (in most species of Vitis) ; branches often swollen at 3-7-lacunar nodes; pith continuous or interrupted by diaphragms at nodes; tendrils simple , bifurcate to trifurcate , or 4-12-branched (in Parthenocissus), usually leaf-opposed, rarely tendrils absent. Raphide sacs present in parenchymatous tissues . Leaves simple, lobed or unlobed, or digitately or pedately compound to 1-3-pinnately compound, alternate, distichous, variously toothed , commonly with multicellular , stalked , caducous spherical structures known as "pearl" glands ; stipules 2 or rarely absent, often caducous. Flowers small, with prophylls, in panicles, corymbs, or rarely spikes, often leaf-opposite, pseudo-terminal , or axillary (in Cayratia and Tetrastigma), actinomorphic , hypogynous, 4- or 5(-7 as in Rhoicissus) -merous. Calyx with 4 or 5(-7) small teeth or lobes or a continuous ring. Petals valvate , 4 or 5(-7), free or basally connate , or distally connate forming a calyptra (e.g. , in Vitis) . Stamens 4 or 5(-7), antepetalous ; anthers introrse , dehiscing longitudinally, tetrasporangiate or rarely bisporangiate . Floral disk intrastaminal , ring-shaped, cupular, or gland-shaped. Ovary superior, 2-loculed; ovules 2 per locule; placentation axile , appearing nearly basal, apotropous or anatropous , bitegmic, crassinucellar; style simple, connate; stigma discoid or capitate, rarely 4-lobed (Tetrastigma), not papillate . Fruit a berry, 1-4-seeded. Seeds endotestal, with an abaxial chalazal knot and an adaxial raphe with 2 furrows , one on each side; embryo straight, small; endosperm oily, proteinaceous, copious , ruminate .

About 14 genera and ca. 900 species: worldwide, but mostly in tropical and subtropical regions; eight genera and 146 species (87 endemic, two introduced ) in China.

The family is important for grapes, wine, and raisins (especially Vitis vinifera, and several other species and hybrids of Vitis) . There are a few ornamental climbers in the genera Ampelopsis, Cissus, Parthenocissus, and Tetrastigma, of which Parthenocissus tricuspidata of China and Japan and P. quinquefolia of eastern North America are well-known examples. Some plants (e.g., Ampelopsis japonica, Cissus quadrangularis, and Tetrastigma hemsleyanum) are highly regarded medicines.[1]

Genus Cissus

Lianas, woody or subwoody, hermaphroditic or polygamo-monoecious . Tendrils unbranched or bifurcate , sometimes racemosely branched. Leaves simple or palmately compound . Inflorescence a compound dichasium or an umbel, leaf-opposed. Flowers 4-merous. Calyx cupular, glabrous . Petals falling off separately. Stamens 4. Disk well developed, margin undulate or slightly 4-lobed. Style conspicuous ; stigma undivided or 2-divided. Berry obovoid or ellipsoid , 1- or 2-seeded. Seeds obovoid-elliptic or elliptic , base rostrate , apex rounded , chalazal knot at or near base; cross-section of endosperm M-shaped.

About 350 species: mainly in tropical regions of Africa, Asia, Australia, Central and South America, and North America (Mexico) ; 15 species (two endemic) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,824 meters (0 to 5,984 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Cissus incisa auct. non Des Moulins • Sicyos trifoliatus L. • Vitis trifoliata (L.) Baker

Notes

Publishing author : L. Publication : Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 1: 170 1762 [Sep 1762]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Cissus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 24 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. antarctica (Kangaroo Ivy) · C. brevipedunculata (Amur Peppervine) · C. discolor (Painted Cissus) · C. erosa (Caro De Tres Hojas) · C. erosa erosa (Caro De Tres Hojas) · C. intermedia (Intermediate Treebine) · C. labrusca (Northern Fox Grape) · C. laciniata (Cut-Leaf Burr-Cucumber) · C. lanigera (Cissus) · C. nodosa (Javanese Treebine) · C. obovata (Spoonleaf Treebine) · C. quadrangularis (Veld Grape) · C. quadrangulus (Winged Treebine) · C. repens (Cissus) · C. rhombifolia (Grape Ivy) · C. rotundifolia (Arabian Wax Cissus) · C. striata (Miniature Grape Ivy) · C. trifolia (Threeleaf Cayratia) · C. trifoliata (Arizona Grape Ivy) · C. tuberculata (West Indian Treebine) · C. tuberosa (Cissus) · C. verticillata (Monkey Liana) · C. verticillata subsp. verticillata (Seasonvine) · C. vinifera (Wine Grape)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A general system of gardening and botany. Founded upon Miller's Gardener's dictionary, and arranged according to the natural system. By George Don. London, Printed for C. J. G. and F. Rivington, 1831-38. url p. 691, p. 692.
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 249.
• Botanisk tidsskrift / utgivet af den Botaniske forening i København. København: G.E.C. Gads Forlag, 1866-1981. url p. 14, p. 67, p. 88.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. 1879 Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 39.
• Bulletin of miscellaneous information /Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1923 London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1900-1941. url p. 174.
• Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. 8 1912-1914 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., url p. 397.
• Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url p. 1942.
• Check-list of the species of fishes known from the Philippine Archipelago, Manila, Bureau of printing, 1910. url p. 344.
• Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. New York: The Garden, 1899- url p. 44.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 8 1903-1905 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 116, p. 397, p. 399, p. 401, p. 455, p. 456, p. 463, p. 730, p. 732, p. 733.
• Contributions to North American ichthyology. Based primarily on the collections of the United States National Museum. Washington: Govt. print. off., 1877-78. url p. 39.
• Don, G. A general history of the dichlamydeous plants: comprising complete descriptions of the different orders...the whole arranged according to the natural system /by George Don. 1 1831 London: J.G. and F. Rivington, 1831-1838. url p. 691, p. 692.
• Flora of Jamaica, containing descriptions of the flowering plants known from the island, by William Fawcett and Alfred Barton Rendle. London.Printed by order of the Trustees of the British Museum, 1910- url p. 77, p. 77, p. 78, p. 78.
• Flora of Miami; being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally on the Everglade Keys and in the adjacent Everglades, southern peninsular Florida. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 117, p. 117.
• Flora of Yucatan, by Paul C. Standley. 3 1930 Chicago, Field Museum of Natural History, 1930. url p. 342, p. 343.
• Flora of the Florida Keys: being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally on the islands of the Florida reef from Virginia Key to Dry Tortugas / by John Kunkel Small. New York, J.K. Small, 1913. url p. 88.
• Flora of the Florida Keys; being descriptions of the seed-plants growing naturally on the islands of the Florida reef from Virginia Key to Dry Tortugas. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 88.
• Flora of the Florida keys; being descriptions of the see-plants growing naturally on the islands of the Florida reef from Virginia key to Dry Tortugas, by John Kunkel Small. .. New York: The author, 1913. url p. 88.
• Grisebach, A. H. R. Flora of the British West Indian islands /by A.H.R. Grisebach. [1859]-18 London, L. Reeve, 1864. url p. 102.
• Manual of the southeastern flora: being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 1933 New York: The author, 1933. url p. 839.
• Memoir of the late William Wright, M. D. with extracts from his correspondence, and a selection of his papers on medical and botanical subjects. Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1828. url p. 251.
• Memoirs / Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Brooklyn, N.Y.: The Garden, 1918-1936. url p. 66.
• Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, url p. 52.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 55.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 153.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 409, p. 437, p. 565.
• Shrubs of Florida; a handbook of the native and naturalized shrubs of Florida, by John Kunkel Small... New York: The author, 1913. url p. 74.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 23 1882 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 39.
• The Bahama flora, New York, The Authors, 1920. url .
• The Bahama flora, by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Charles Frederick Millspaugh. New York, The authors, 1920. url p. 260, p. 260, p. 260, p. 260.
• The Bradley bibliography; a guide to the literature of the woody plants of the world published before the beginning of the twentieth century; Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1911-18. url p. 503.
• The flora of British India /By J. D. Hooker assisted by various botanists. Published under the authority of the secretary of state for India in council. London: L. Reeve, 1875-97. url p. 654, p. 654.
• The flora of British India. London, L. Reeve & Co., 1875-97. url .
• The flora of Jamaica; a description of the plants of that island, arranged according to the natural orders. With and appendix, containing an enumeration of the genera according to the Linnaean system, and an essay on the geographical destribution of the species. By James Macfadyen, M. D. Vo. I. Ranunculac London, Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman; [etc., etc.]1837. url p. 180, p. 180.
• The flora of St. Croix and the Virgin Islands, by Baron H.F.A. Eggers. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1879. url p. 39.
• The flora of the American Virgin Islands / N.L. Britton. New York: New York Botanical Garden, 1918. url p. 66.
• The flora of the Dutch West Indian islands. .. by I. Boldingh. Leyden, E. J. Brill, 1909-14. url p. 178, p. 182.
• The journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, 1832-1936 url p. 403.
• The vegetation of Mona Island, a paper read by invitation at the twenty-fifth anniversary celebration of the Missouri Botanical Garden, October 15, 1914. St Louis, 1915. url p. 44.
• Travels in the Confederation, 1783-1784. From the German. Translated and edited by Alfred J. Morrison. Philadelphia, W.J. Campbell, 1911. url p. 310.
• Trees and shrubs of Mexico / By Paul C. Standley. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1920-1926. url p. 730, p. 732, p. 733.
• Wrightia. 7 1981-1984 Richardson, Tex. [etc.]University of Texas at Dallas. url p. 147.
• Li Chaoluan. 1998. Vitaceae (excluding Leea). In: Li Chaoluan, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 48(2): ii-vii, 1-3, 12-208.
• Li Chaoluan. 1998. Vitaceae (excluding Leea). In: Li Chaoluan, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 48(2): ii-vii, 1-3, 12-208.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 23, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 20, 2007:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2652176
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-28640
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13743861
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:68021-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 10629
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 28640
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 68020-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDVIT02070
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CITR2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 27957

Footnotes

1. Prof. Zhiduan Chen, Hui Ren & Jun Wen "Vitaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 33, 115, 173. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Hui Ren & Jun Wen "Cissus". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 173, 184. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 231.370 meters (759.088 feet), Standard Deviation = 709.390 based on 182 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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