Chrysophyllum oliviforme

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Critically Endangered

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Sapotaceae

Trees or shrubs , usually producing latex. Leaves spirally arranged or alternate and distichous, rarely ± opposite, sometimes crowded at apex of branchlets ; stipules early deciduous or absent; leaf blade papery or leathery, margin entire. Flowers bisexual or unisexual , usually in sessile axillary clusters , rarely solitary; cluster pedunculate or in raceme-like inflorescence, bracteolate . Calyx a single whorl of usually 4--6 sepals, or 2 whorls each with 2--4 sepals. Corolla lobes as many to 2 X as many as sepals, usually entire, rarely with 2 lacerate or lobular appendages . Stamens inserted at corolla base or at throat of corolla tube , as many as and opposite corolla lobes to many and in 2 or 3 whorls; staminodes when present alternate with stamens, scaly to petal-like. Ovary superior, 4- or 5-locular, placentation axillary; ovules 1 per locule, anatropous . Style 1, often apically lobed . Fruit a berry or drupe, 1- to many-seeded. Seed coat brown (pale yellow in Pouteria annamensis), hard, shiny, rich in tannin; endosperm usually oily; seed scar lateral and linear to oblong or basal and round .

About 1100 species and 53 genera: pantropical ; 11 genera and 24 species (six endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Chrysophyllum

Shrubs or trees . Leaves alternate; stipules absent. Flowers small, 2 to many fascicled and axillary , pedicellate or sessile. Sepals 5(or 6), usually glabrous or inside tomentose . Corolla tube campanulate , usually extended, (4- or) 5--11-lobed. Stamens (4 or) 5--10 in 1 whorl, inserted in throat and opposite corolla lobes ; staminodes absent. Ovary 1--10-locular, villous or glabrous. Style longer to shorter than ovary. Fruit 1--8-seeded, exocarp thick to very thin. Seed coat papery to crusty; scar narrow to wide, lateral , sometimes almost covering entire seed.

About 70 species: Madagascar; tropical and subtropical America, tropical Africa and Asia; one species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Chrysophyllum oliviforme var. typicum Cronquist • Cynodendron oliviforme (L.) Baehni • Dactimala oliviformis (L.) Raf. • Guersentia oliviformis (L.) Raf.

Notes

Publishing author : Lam. Publication : Encycl. (Lamarck) 1(2): 552 1785 [1 Aug 1785]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Chrysophyllum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 9 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. africanum (African Star Apple) · C. albidum (White Star Apple) · C. argenteum (Bastard Redwood) · C. argenteum argenteum (Smooth Star Apple) · C. cainito (Caimito) · C. mexicanum (Caimitillo) · C. oliviforme (Satin Leaf) · C. oliviforme oliviforme (Satinleaf) · C. pauciflorum (Camito De Perro)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 536.
• A catalogue of the forest trees of North America by Charles S. Sargent. Washington: G.P.O., 1880. url .
• A contribution to our knowledge of seedlings; by the Right Hon. Sir John Lubbock. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner, & co., ltd., 1892. url , p. 199.
• A contribution to the flora of Honduras, by T. G. Yuncker. 17 1938 Chicago, 1938. url p. 385.
• A general system of gardening and botany. Founded upon Miller's Gardener's dictionary, and arranged according to the natural system. By George Don. London, Printed for C. J. G. and F. Rivington, 1831-38. url p. 32.
• A naturalist in the Bahamas, John I. Northrop, October 12, 1861-June 25, 1891; a memorial volume / edited with a biographical introd. New YorkColumbia University Press1910 url p. 173.
• A naturalist in the Bahamas: John I. Northrop, October 12 1861 - June 25, 1891; a memorial volume, ed., with a biographical introduction by Henry Fairfield Osborn. New York, The Columbia university press[c1910] url p. 173.
• A naturalist in the Bahamas: New York, Columbia University Press[c1910] url .
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 290.
• Annals of the Carnegie Museum. [Pittsburgh]: Published by authority of the Board of Trustees of the Carnegie Institute, 1901- url p. 218, p. 219, p. 481.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. 1879 Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 67.
• Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1913-1923. url p. 12, p. 12, p. 12, p. 24, p. 27, p. 27, p. 92.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- url p. 48.
• Check list of the forest trees of the United States, their names and ranges. WashingtonGovt. Print. Off.1898 url p. 116.
• Common trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands / by Elbert L. Little, Jr., and Frank H. Wadsworth. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1964. url p. 440, p. 441, p. 534.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 8 1903-1905 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 114.
• Cooperative economic insect report. Hyattsville, MD. [etc.]Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Service. url p. 49.
• Cyclopedia of American horticulture comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geo by L.H. Bailey; assisted by Wilhelm Miller and many expert cultivators and botanists. Toronto: Virtue, 1900. url p. 315.
• Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. url p. 862.
• FWS/0BS. [Washington]Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. url p. 113.
• Flora of the Southern United States: containing an abridged description of the flowering plants and ferns of Tennessee, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida: arranged according to the natural system. New York, Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., [c1883] url .
• Flora of the southern United States, containing an abridged description of the flowering plants and ferns of Tennessee, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida; arranged according to the natural system by A.W. Chapman. New York, American Book Company[1897] url p. 634.
• Forest of Port Rico; Washington, Govt. print. off., 1916. url p. 59, p. 92.
• Grisebach, A. H. R. Flora of the British West Indian islands /by A.H.R. Grisebach. [1859]-18 London, L. Reeve, 1864. url p. 398, p. 788.
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. url p. 145, p. 70.
• Journal of economic entomology. [College Park, Md., etc.]Entomological Society of America [etc.] url p. 402.
• Manual of the trees of North America (exclusive of Mexico) by Charles Sprague Sargent, with seven hundred and eighty-three illustrations from drawings by Charles Edward Faxon and Mary W. Gill. Boston and New York, Houghton Mifflin company, 1922. url p. 901, p. 901.
• Memoir of the late William Wright, M. D. with extracts from his correspondence, and a selection of his papers on medical and botanical subjects. Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1828. url p. 260.
• Memoirs of the American Entomological Society. Philadelphia, American Entomological Society, 1916- url p. 108.
• Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. 12 1902-1907 Durham, N.C.: Published for the Club by the Seeman Printery, 1889- url p. 56, p. 85.
• Naturalist's guide to the Americas, prepared by the Committee on the Preservation of Natural Conditions of the Ecological Society of America, with assistance from numerous organizations and individuals, assembled and edited by chairman, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1926. url p. 691, p. 691.
• North American trees; being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies; with the assistance of John Adolph Shafer. New YorkHolt1908 url p. 773.
• Practical forestry. A treatise on the propagation, planting and cultivation, with a description, and the botanical and popular names of all the indigenous trees of the United States. New YorkOrange Judd Co.1884 url p. 288.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url p. 390.
• Publication. Field Columbian Museum. 2 1900 Chicago.: Field Columbian Museum, 1895-1909. url p. 82.
• Report on the agricultural resources and capabilities of Hawaii. Washington, Govt. Print. off., 1901. url p. 43.
• Report on the forests of North America (exclusive of Mexico) / by Charles S. Sargent. Washington [D.C.]: G.P.O., 1884. url p. 100, p. 225, p. 587.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 31 1888 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 67.
• Synoptical flora of North America. New York, American Book Company, 1878-1895/97 [v.2, pt. 1, 1878] url p. 67, p. 67.
• The Asa Gray bulletin. 2 1953 Ann Arbor, Mich. url p. 47.
• The Bahama Islands / edited by George Burbank Shattuck. [Baltimore]: Johns Hopkins Press; 1905. url p. 207.
• The Bahama flora, New York, The Authors, 1920. url .
• The Bahama flora, by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Charles Frederick Millspaugh. New York, The authors, 1920. url p. 321, p. 321, p. 321, p. 321.
• The Hawaiian forester and agriculturist. Honolulu: Hawaiian Gazette Co., 1904-1933. url p. 168.
• The Mediterranean fruit fly [Ceratitis capitata Wied.] Washington, Govt. print. off., 1918. url p. 12.
• The distribution of vegetation in the United States, as related to climatic conditions [by] Burton E. Livingston and Forrest Shreve. [Washington]Carnegie institution of Washington, 1921. url p. 48.
• The flora of St. Croix and the Virgin Islands, by Baron H.F.A. Eggers. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1879. url p. 67.
• The forests and flora of British Honduras / by Paul C. Standley and Samuel J. Record; in cooperation with the Conservator of Forests and the Agricultural Officer of the Colony. 12 1936 Chicago: [Field Museum of Natural History], 1936. url p. 308, p. 313.
• The silva of North America a description of the trees which grow naturally in North America exclusive of Mexico / by Charles Sprague Sargent; illustrated with figures and analyses drawn from nature by Charles Edward Faxon and engraved by Philibert and Eugè ne Picart. Boston;Houghton, Mifflin, 1892 url .
• The silva of North America: a description of the trees which grow naturally in North America exclusive of Mexico /by Charles Sprague Sargent. .. illustrated with figures and analyses drawn from nature by Charles Edward Faxon. .. 4 1893 Boston, New York: Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1891-1902. url , p. 102, p. 119, p. 161, p. 162, p. 186, tab. CCXLIII.
• The woods of the United States. With an account of their structure, qualities, and uses. With geographical and other notes upon the trees which produce them. By C.S. Sargent. New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1885. url p. 158, p. 173, p. 56.
• The woods of the United States: with an account of their structure, qualities and uses; with geographical and other notes upon the trees which produce them / by C.S. Sargent. New York: Appleton, 1885. url p. 163, p. 173, p. 182, p. 56.
• Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. [St. Louis: Academy of Science of St. Louis], 1860-1958. url p. 438, p. 438, p. 438.
• Wrightia. 7 1981-1984 Richardson, Tex. [etc.]University of Texas at Dallas. url p. 155, p. 195, p. 211.
• Li Shu-gang (as Lee Shu-kang). 1987. Sapotaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 60(1): 47-83.
• Li Shu-gang (as Lee Shu-kang). 1987. Sapotaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 60(1): 47-83.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed April 18, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 19, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 6 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)
• World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Release date: November 27, 2009

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 19, 2007:

• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2666178
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-40216
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14252332
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:786504-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 70175
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 501507
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 786504-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSPT02040
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CYOL
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 28373

Footnotes

1. Shugang Li & T. D. Pennington "Sapotaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 205. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Chrysophyllum". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 208. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.