Chrysophyllum cainito

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Lvs 10-16cm x 5-8cm; Fruits 3-10cm diam, with several seeds; leaves golden hairy below.

Tasty fruit and beautiful coppery-leaved tree . There are white and purple, large (>9cm long) and small fruit varieties.

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Sapotaceae

Trees or shrubs , usually producing latex. Leaves spirally arranged or alternate and distichous, rarely ± opposite, sometimes crowded at apex of branchlets ; stipules early deciduous or absent; leaf blade papery or leathery, margin entire. Flowers bisexual or unisexual , usually in sessile axillary clusters , rarely solitary; cluster pedunculate or in raceme-like inflorescence, bracteolate . Calyx a single whorl of usually 4--6 sepals, or 2 whorls each with 2--4 sepals. Corolla lobes as many to 2 X as many as sepals, usually entire, rarely with 2 lacerate or lobular appendages . Stamens inserted at corolla base or at throat of corolla tube , as many as and opposite corolla lobes to many and in 2 or 3 whorls; staminodes when present alternate with stamens, scaly to petal-like. Ovary superior, 4- or 5-locular, placentation axillary; ovules 1 per locule, anatropous . Style 1, often apically lobed . Fruit a berry or drupe, 1- to many-seeded. Seed coat brown (pale yellow in Pouteria annamensis), hard, shiny, rich in tannin; endosperm usually oily; seed scar lateral and linear to oblong or basal and round .

About 1100 species and 53 genera: pantropical ; 11 genera and 24 species (six endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Chrysophyllum

Shrubs or trees . Leaves alternate; stipules absent. Flowers small, 2 to many fascicled and axillary , pedicellate or sessile. Sepals 5(or 6), usually glabrous or inside tomentose . Corolla tube campanulate , usually extended, (4- or) 5--11-lobed. Stamens (4 or) 5--10 in 1 whorl, inserted in throat and opposite corolla lobes ; staminodes absent. Ovary 1--10-locular, villous or glabrous. Style longer to shorter than ovary. Fruit 1--8-seeded, exocarp thick to very thin. Seed coat papery to crusty; scar narrow to wide, lateral , sometimes almost covering entire seed.

About 70 species: Madagascar; tropical and subtropical America, tropical Africa and Asia; one species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Cainito pomiferum Tussac • Chrysophyllum bicolor Poir. • Chrysophyllum bonplandii Klotzsch Ex Miq. • Chrysophyllum caeruleum Jacq. • Chrysophyllum cainito var. caeruleum Jacq. • Chrysophyllum cainito var. jamaicense (Jacq.) Bois • Chrysophyllum cainito var. marticense Duss • Chrysophyllum cainito var. martinicense Pierre • Chrysophyllum cainito var. pomiferum (Tussac) Pierre • Chrysophyllum cainito var. portoricense A. Dc. • Chrysophyllum cainito var. typicum Stehlé • Chrysophyllum jamaicense Jacq. • Chrysophyllum maliforme L. • Chrysophyllum monopyrenum Spreng. • Chrysophyllum ottonis Klotzsch Ex Miq. • Chrysophyllum sericeum Salisb. • Cynodendron bicolor (Poir.) Baehni

Notes

Publishing author : L. Publication : Sp. Pl. 1: 192 1753 [1 May 1753]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Chrysophyllum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 9 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. africanum (African Star Apple) · C. albidum (White Star Apple) · C. argenteum (Bastard Redwood) · C. argenteum argenteum (Smooth Star Apple) · C. cainito (Caimito) · C. mexicanum (Caimitillo) · C. oliviforme (Satin Leaf) · C. oliviforme oliviforme (Satinleaf) · C. pauciflorum (Camito De Perro)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A handbook of systematic botany / by Dr. E. Warming with a revision of the fungi by Dr. E. Knoblauch, tr. and ed. by M. C. Potter. New York: Macmillan & Co., 1895. url p. 511.
• A handbook of systematic botany; with a revision of the fungi, by E. Knoblauch; tr. and ed. by M.C. Potter. London, Swan[1904] url p. 511.
• A manual of dangerous insects likely to be introduced in the United States through importations. Ed. by W. Dwight Pierce, entomologist, southern field crop insect investigations. Washington: Govt. print. off., 1918. url p. 115, p. 248, p. 249, p. 255.
• A supplement to the Pharmacopia, and treatise on pharmacology in general: including not only the drugs and preparations used by practitioners of medicine, but also most of those employed in the chemical arts: together with a collection of the most useful medical formulæ. . by Samuel Frederic Gray. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, and Longman, 1836. url p. 60.
• A year of Costa Rican natural history, by Amelia Smith Calvert. .. and Philip Powell Calvert. .. with maps and illustrations. New York, The Macmillan company, 1917. url p. 373, p. 546.
• American breeders magazine / American Breeders Association. [Washington, D.C.: ]The Association, url .
• An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants, Manila, Bureau of Printing, 1922-26. url p. 288.
• An illustrated dictionary of scientific terms. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, pref. 1878. url p. 312.
• Archivos. Rio de JaneiroImprensa Nacional url p. 263, p. 288.
• At last: a Christmas in the West Indies. London, Macmillan and co., 1871. url p. 270.
• Boston journal of natural history. 2 1838 - 18 Boston, Boston Society of Natural History. url p. 218.
• Botanical abstracts. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co. url p. 350.
• Bulletin / Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station. Tucson: Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arizona, 1890-1960. url p. 473, p. 623.
• Bulletin / Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington: G.P.O., 1901-1971. url p. 245, p. 4, p. 532, p. 568, p. 63.
• Bulletin of entomological research. Farnham Royal: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux. url p. 106, p. 319.
• Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1913-1923. url p. 12, p. 12, p. 17, p. 17, p. 24, p. 27, p. 27, p. 59, p. 7, p. 92.
• Bulletin. Bureau of Plant Industry. U. S. Department of Agriculture. 1901-13. WashingtonGovt. Print. Off. url p. 84, p. 88.
• Carotenoids, their comparative biochemistry. New York, Chemical Pub. Co., 1954. url p. 302, p. 330.
• Catalogue of economic plants in the collection of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1891. url .
• Chamber's encyclopaedia, a dictionary of universal knowledge. London, Chambers, 1902. url p. 159.
• Chemical composition of some tropical fruits and their products. I. A study of Cuban fruits. II. The composition of fresh and canned pineapples. By Ed. Mackay Chace, L. M. Tolman, and L. S. Munson. .. Washington, Govt. print. off., 1904. url p. 28.
• Colonial and Indian Exhibition, 1886 official catalogue. London: W. Clowes, 1886. url .
• Common trees of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands / by Elbert L. Little, Jr., and Frank H. Wadsworth. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, 1964. url , p. 436, p. 438, p. 534.
• Contribution [I]-III to the coastal and plain flora of Yucatan, by Charles Frederick Millspaugh. 1 1898 Chicago, 1895-1898. url p. 382.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 23 1920-1926 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 1114, p. 114, p. 132, p. 364, p. 403, p. 412, p. 466, p. 508, p. 593, p. 773, p. VII.
• Contributions to the paleobotany of Peru, Bolivia and Chile; five papers, by Edward W. Berry. Baltimore, The John Hopkins Press, 1922. url p. 185.
• Cooperative economic insect report. Hyattsville, MD. [etc.]Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Service. url p. 258.
• Economic plants. An index to economic products of the vegetable kingdom in Jamaica. Comp. by William Fawcett. .. Jamaica, Govt. Print. Establishment, 1891. url p. 26.
• Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. url p. 1252, p. 148.
• Flora Vitiensis nova: a new Flora of Fiji (spermatophytes only) / Albert C. Smith. Lawaii, Hawaii: Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, 1979- url p. 764, p. 765.
• Flora diaetetica, or, History of esculent plants, both domestic and foreign: in which they are accurately described, and reduced to their Linnaean generic and specific names; with their English names annexed, and ranged under eleven general heads / by Charles Bryant. London: B. White, 1783. url p. 188.
• Flora of Guatemala / Paul C. Standley and Louis O. Williams. 24 1967 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1967. url p. 216, fig. 63, page 217, p. vii.
• Forest leaves. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania Forestry Association, 1886-1950. url .
• Forest of Port Rico; Washington, Govt. print. off., 1916. url p. 59.
• Index of plants. 1912. Singapore, Printed at the Methodist Publishing House, 1912. url .
• Insect life / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, url p. 25.
• Inventory of seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1914-1924. url p. 109, p. 115, p. 25, p. 35, p. 41, p. 45, p. 52, p. 53, p. 89, p. 90, p. 90.
• Journal of agricultural research. Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1913-1949.. url p. 529.
• Journal of economic entomology. [College Park, Md., etc.]Entomological Society of America [etc.] url p. 402.
• Journal of ethnobiology. 11 1991 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 139, p. 179, p. 192, p. 199, p. 210.
• List of duplicate plants in the Government Botanic Gardens, November 1874. Port-of-Spain: G.P.O., 1874. url p. 3.
• List of intercepted plant pests / United States Department of Agriculture, Plant Quarantine and Control Administration. [Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O.], 1932- url p. 11, p. 12, p. 123, p. 15, p. 236, p. 248, p. 266, p. 27, p. 28, p. 302, p. 356, p. 8, p. 86, p. 88, p. 9, p. 9, p. 9, p. 9.
• Loudon's encyclopaedia of plants; comprising the specific character, description, culture, history, application in the arts, and every other desirable particular respecting all the plants indigenous to, cultivated in, or introduced in Edited by Mrs. Loudon, assisted by George Don and David Wooster. London, Longmans, Green, 1866. url p. 1076.
• Memoir of the late William Wright, M. D. with extracts from his correspondence, and a selection of his papers on medical and botanical subjects. Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1828. url p. 255, p. 260, p. 438.
• Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 8 1861-1863 [Boston: The Academy, url p. 517.
• Memoirs of the American Entomological Society. Philadelphia, American Entomological Society, 1916- url p. 106.
• On the vegetation of the Bermudas by J. Matthew Jones. S.l.: s.n., 1874? url .
• Ornamental gardening in Florida, by Charles Torrey Simpson; a treatise on the decorative plants adapted to Florida and their cultivation, with suggestions for the ornamentation of Florida homes and grounds. Little River, Fla., The author, 1916. url p. 153, p. 153, p. 190, p. 190.
• Outlines of forestry: or, The elementary principles underlying the science of forestry: being a series of primers of forestry / by Edwin J. Houston. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1893. url p. 230.
• Outlines of forestry; Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott company, 1893. url p. 230.
• Pamphlets on silviculture. [1899- url p. 1488.
• Periodical catalogue of greenhouse shrubs, vines, herbaceous plants, and bulbous roots: cultivated and for sale at the Linn©an Botanic Garden, Flushing, near New-York / William Prince & Sons, proprietors. New York: s.n., 1832. url p. 151.
• Physiology at the farm in aid of rearing and feeding the live stock. Edinburgh and London, W. Blackwood and sons[1867]. url p. xx.
• Proceedings and transactions of the Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Science. Halifax: Nova Scotian Institute of Natural Science. url p. 262.
• Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia url p. 557, p. 557.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 150, p. 165, p. 335, p. 807, p. 808, p. 810.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url p. 240.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 19 1897 Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 755, p. 833.
• Proceedings of the. .. session of the American Pomological Society. Cleveland, Ohio: The Society, url , p. 174, p. 70.
• Publication / Institute of Social Anthropology. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1944- url p. 146.
• Seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1903-1913. url p. 38, p. 88.
• Smithsonian miscellaneous collections. 78 1927 Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1862-1968. url p. 25, p. 56.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 16, p. 479, p. 60.
• Suggestions received by the Agricultural & Horticultural Society of India for extending the cultivation and introduction of useful and ornamental plants: with a view to the improvement of the agricultural and commercial resources of India / compiled by Henry Harpur Spry. Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, 1841. url p. 195.
• Systematic pomology, treating of description, nomenclature, and classification of fruits, by F. A. Waugh. .. New York: Orange Judd company, 1903. url p. 143.
• Systematic pomology; treating of description, nomenclature, and classification of fruits, by F. A. Waugh. New York: O. Judd Co., 1908 [c1903] url p. 143.
• The American florist: a weekly journal for the trade. Chicago: American Florist Company, [1885-1931] url p. 230.
• The Bahama Islands / edited by George Burbank Shattuck. [Baltimore]: Johns Hopkins Press; 1905. url p. 207.
• The Bahama Islands, London, The Macmillan company, 1905. url p. 207.
• The Bradley bibliography; a guide to the literature of the woody plants of the world published before the beginning of the twentieth century; Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1911-18. url p. 667.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 450.
• The Journal of heredity. Washington, etc., American Genetic Association url , p. 566, p. 566.
• The Mediterranean fruit fly [Ceratitis capitata Wied.] Washington, Govt. print. off., 1918. url p. 12.
• The Review of applied entomology. Farnham Royal, Eng., etc.: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, etc. url p. 146, p. 659, p. 686, p. 745, p. 820.
• The colony of British Honduras: its resources and prospects; with particular reference to its indigenous plants and economic productions / by D. Morris. London: Edward Stanford, 1883. url p. 148.
• The encyclopedia of the environment / Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., c1994. url p. 740.
• The flora of Barro Colorado Island, Panama, by Paul C. Standley. City of Washington, The Smithsonian Institution, 1927. url p. 27.
• The useful plants of the island of Guam; with an introductory account of the physical features and natural history of the island, of the character and history of its people, and of their agriculture. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1905. url .
• Trees and shrubs of Mexico / By Paul C. Standley. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1920-1926. url p. 1114.
• Tropical agriculture: the climate, soils, cultural methods, crops, live stock, commercial importance and opportunities of the tropics / London: D. Appleton and Company, 1916. url , .
• Tropical agriculture; the climate, soils, cultural methods, crops, live stock, commercial importance and opportunities of the tropics / by Earley Vernon Wilcox. London: D. Appleton and Company, 1916. url p. 134, p. 363.
• Tulane studies in zoology and botany. 26 1987 New Orleans: Tulane University, [1968- url p. 32.
• Li Shu-gang (as Lee Shu-kang). 1987. Sapotaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 60(1): 47-83.
• Li Shu-gang (as Lee Shu-kang). 1987. Sapotaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 60(1): 47-83.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed April 18, 2012.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed June 04, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
• World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Release date: November 27, 2009

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Banco Nacional de Germoplasma Vegetal, México
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, Plants of Papua New Guinea

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2649283
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-40005
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 14252276
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:786321-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 10405
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 510920
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 786321-1
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CHEG CHCA1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 29337

Footnotes

1. Shugang Li & T. D. Pennington "Sapotaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 205. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Chrysophyllum". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 208. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.