Overview
Edible but not very tasty fruit. The oil rich seeds were burnt as candles by the Caribs (Proctor, 1984).
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
Coco Plum, Coco-Plum, Cocoplum, Fat-Pork, Icaco, Icaco Coco Plum, Pruim, Spanish Nectarine
Common Names in French:
Gros Icaque, Icacier, Icaque Blanc, Icaquier, Pomme Icaque, Prune Colon, Prune Coton, Prune De Guyane, Prune Icaque
Common Names in German:
Icacopflaume
Common Names in Italian:
Prugna D'icaco
Common Names in Spanish:
Ciruela De Algodón, Hicaco, Icaco, Icaco Dulce, Icaco Negro, Jicaco
Description
Physical Description
Species Chrysobalanus icaco
Shrub or tree to 5m; twigs with many lenticels ; blade 2-8cm, ovate to rounded , hairless, leathery, apex notched , entire . Fruit fleshy , 1.5-3cm, stone with 4-8 ridges .
Habit: Tree , Subshrub , Shrub
Flowers: Bloom Period: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. • Flower Color: near white, white
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 10-12' tall.
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,589 meters (0 to 5,213 feet).Mean = 16.860 meters (55.315 feet), Standard Deviation = 567.220 based on 371 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre.
Biome: Disturbed areas, natural forest , planted forests, range/grasslands, riparian zones
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 15-18" apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.5
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 10a, 10b, 11. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Rosidae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Rosanae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Chrysobalanales
()
- Takhtajan, 1997 Ex Reveal & Doweld, 1999
- Family:
Chrysobalanaceae
()
- R. Brown in Tuckey, 1818, Nom. Cons.
- Subfamily:
Asteroideae
()
- Tribe:
Chrysobalaneae
()
- Genus:
Chrysobalanus
()
- Linnaeus, 1753
- Specific epithet:
icaco
- L.
- Botanical name: - Chrysobalanus icaco L.
- Specific epithet:
icaco
- L.
- Genus:
Chrysobalanus
(
- Tribe:
Chrysobalaneae
(
- Subfamily:
Asteroideae
(
- Family:
Chrysobalanaceae
(
- Order:
Chrysobalanales
(
- Superorder:
Rosanae
(
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Chrysobalanus icaco var. pellocarpus (G.F.W. Mey.) DC.
- Chrysobalanus pellocarpus G.F.W. Mey.
- Chrysobalanus savannarum Britt.
Notes
Publishing author
: S.de Souza Publication
: in Ann. Univ. Abidjan, C, 15: 101 (1979 publ. 1980), without type 1980 Publishing author: S.de Souza Publication: in Ann. Univ. Abidjan, C, 15: 104 (1979 publ. 1980), without type 1980 Basionym
: Chrysobalanaceae Chrysobalanus luteusBasionym author: (Sabine) Publishing author: Stehlé & Quentin Publication: Fl.
Guadeloupe Dépend. & Martinique 2(3): 48 1949 Publishing author: Hook.f. Publication: Fl. Bras. (Martius) 14, pt
. 2: 7 1867 Basionym author: (Sol. ex
Sabine) Publishing author: S.de Souza Publication: in Ann. Univ. Abidjan, C, 15: 100 (1979 publ. 1980), basionym not validly publ.: 1980 Basionym author: (A.Chev.) Publishing author: G.Mey. Publication: Prim. Fl. Esseq. 193 Publishing author: Britton Publication: Bull
. Torrey Bot. Club 1921, xlviii. 331 (1922). Publishing author: A.Chev. Publication: in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 1911, lviii. Mem. VIII. (1912). Publishing author: A.Chev. Publication: Etudes Fl. Afr. Centr. Franc. i. 117 (1913), nomen. Publishing author: Sol. ex Sabine Publication: in Trans. Hort. Soc. v. (1824) 453. Publishing author: Klotzsch Publication: in Schomb. Fauna
et Fl. Brit
. Guian. 1024 Publishing author: Sabine Publication: in Trans. Hort. Soc. v. (1824) 453 Publishing author: Schum. Publication: Schum. & Thonn. Beskr. Guin. Pl. 232 Publishing author: Mill
. Publication: Gard. Dict., ed. 8. n. 2 1768 [16 Apr 1768] Name
Status: Accepted Name
. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: Prance G.T., Sothers C.A., 2003
Place of publication: Sp.
pl. 1:513. 1753
Name verified on 02-Feb-2006 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 02-Feb-2006
Similar Species
Members of the genus Chrysobalanus
There are approximately 14 species in this genus:
C. argenteum · C. caco (Cocoplum) · C. cuspidatus · C. icaco (Coco Plum) · C. icaco 'Red Tip' (Cocoplum) · C. icaco atacorensis · C. icaco f. albus · C. icaco icaco · C. icaco subsp. atacorensis · C. prunifolius · C. stuhlmannii · C. subundulatus · C. triandrus · C. venezuelanus
Bibliography
- Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica. (F Jam)
- Aubréville, A. et al., eds. 1960–. Flore du Cambodge du Laos et du Viet-Nam. (F CambLVN)
- Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago. (F Bahamas)
- Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
- Harling, G. & B. Sparre, eds. 1973–. Flora of Ecuador. (F Ecuador)
- Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard)
- IPGRI. New World Fruits Database - on-line resource. (New World Fruits)
- Jardin botanique national de Belgique. 1967–. Flore du Congo, du Rwanda et du Burundi (Flore d'Afrique centrale). (F Afr Centr)
- Keay, R. W. J. & F. N. Hepper. 1953–1972. Flora of west tropical Africa, ed. 2. (F WT Afr)
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
- Long, R. W. & O. Lakela. 1971. A flora of tropical Florida. (F TFla)
- Prance, G. T. & C. A. Sothers. 2003. Chrysobalanaceae 1, Chrysobananus to Parinari. In: Orchard, A. E. (ed.), Species Plantarum: Flora of the World. Canberra. 1999+ (Species Plant) 9:5–7.
- Prance, G. T. 1970. J. Arnold Arbor. 51:525.
- Prance, G. T. 1972. Chrysobalanaceae. In: Organization for Flora Neotropica, ed., Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 9:15–20.
- Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants. (Dict Rehm)
- Smith, A. C. 1979–1991. Flora vitiensis nova. (F Viti)
- Standley, P. C. 1920. Trees and shrubs of Mexico. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23:1-1721. (TreesS Mex)
- Uphof, J. C. T. 1968. Dictionary of economic plants, ed. 2. (Dict Econ Pl) 128.
More Info
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Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed September 20, 2007.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 01, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
- IOPI Global Plant Checklist 2005.
- MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 17, 2008.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 13, 2007:
- Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
- Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
- Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program
- Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Banco Nacional de Germoplasma Vegetal, México
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
- Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
- , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Vienna, Institute for Botany - Herbarium WU, Herbarium WU
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2650250
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: IOP-Chr-7
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13690168
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:722181-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 10397
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 25148
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 722181-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDCHR03010
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CHSA4
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 29106
