Chamaesyce sparsiflora (Wahiawa Bog Sandmat)

Overview

Vulnerable

Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Wahiawa Bog Sandmat

Description

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Family Euphorbiaceae

The Euphorbiaceae are mostly monoecious herbs, shrubs , and trees , sometimes succulent and cactus-like, comprising one of the largest families of plants with about 300 genera and 7,500 species that are further characterized by the frequent occurrence of milky sap . The leaves are mostly alternate but may be opposite or whorled and they are simple , or compound , or sometimes highly reduced. Stipules are generally present but may be reduced to hairs , glands or spines. The flowers are unisexual and usually actinomorphic . They may be highly reduced by suppression of parts, in the extreme form consisting of a naked stamen as a male flower and a naked pistil as a female flower. A specialized type of miniature inflorescence called a cyathium occurs in about 1,500 species comprising the genera Euphorbia and Chamaesyce. The cyathium consists of a single naked pistillate flower surrounded by cymes of naked staminate flowers, each consisting of a single stamen. These flowers are all enclosed in a cup-like involucre that typically is provided with peripheral nectaries and petaloid appendages such that the whole aggregation closely resembles a single flower. In other members of the family the flowers and inflorescences are more ordinary in appearance , with male and female flowers typically bearing a 5-merous calyx and corolla of distinct segments, although the corolla is sometimes absent. In these forms the androecium most commonly consists of 5, 10 or sometimes numerous distinct or monadelphous stamens. The gynoecium of female flowers consists of a single compound pistil of typically 3 carpels, an equal number of styles or primary style branches, and a superior ovary with typically 3 locules, each bearing 1 or 2 collateral , axile-apical pendulous ovules. The fruit is usually a capsular schizocarp. -- Gerald Carr.

Physical Description

Habit: Subshrub , Shrub

Flowers: Female flowers carry a three part pistil over a three part ovary, producing three or sometimes more seeds.

Landscaping

Care: Heat tolerant . Drought tolerant. Fertilize regularly. Avoid frost.

Habitat

Ecology: Subshrub occurring in open bogs in wet forest . (Ref. 88223)

List of Habitats :5.4Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps , Fens , Peatlands

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 6-9" apart. Propagate by dividing rhizomes, tubers, corms or bulbs, or from herbaceous stem cuttings.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun to light shade.

Moisture: Water Requirements: Water only in sumer.

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): 50°F. • Cold Hardiness: 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Magnoliophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Flowering Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Magnoliopsida () - Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
        Subclass: Dilleniidae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Euphorbianae () - Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
        Order: Euphorbiales () - Lindley, 1833
        Family: Euphorbiaceae () - J.f. Gmelin, 1777, Nom. Cons. - Spurge Family
        Genus: Chamaesyce ()
        Specific epithet: sparsiflora - (A.Heller) Koutnik
        Botanical name: - Chamaesyce sparsiflora (A.Heller) Koutnik

Unambiguous Synonyms

Chamaesyce multiformis sparsiflora (Heller) O. & I. Deg.
Euphorbia multiformis var. sparsiflora (A.Heller) Sherff
Euphorbia sparsiflora A.Heller

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Chamaesyce

There are approximately 357 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors

Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/]. Access date: Nov 23, 2005
Bruegmann, M.M. and Caraway, V. 2003. Chamaesyce sparsiflora. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. www.iucnredlist.org . Downloaded on 21 October 2006.
Bruegmann, M.M. & Caraway, V. 2003. In IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCNRedList.org. Downloaded July 19, 2008.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 04, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from provider.
MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 17, 2008.
USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal March 04, 2008:

USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 8283446
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-38252
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 948379
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:914932-1
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 501461
IUCN ID: 44134
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDEUP0D2N0
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CHSP4
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 30199