Cestrum aurantiacum

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Solanaceae

Herbs, shrubs , small trees , or climbers . Stems sometimes prickly, rarely thorny; hairs simple , branched, or stellate , sometimes glandular . Leaves alternate, solitary or paired , simple or pinnately compound , without stipules; leaf blade entire, dentate , lobed , or divided . Inflorescences terminal , overtopped by continuing axes, appearing axillary , extra-axillary , or leaf opposed, often apparently umbellate , racemose, paniculate , clustered, or solitary flowers, rarely true cymes, sometimes bracteate . Flowers mostly bisexual , usually regular, 5-merous, rarely 4- or 6-9-merous. Calyx mostly lobed. Petals united . Stamens as many as corolla lobes and alternate with them, inserted within corolla, all alike or 1 or more reduced; anthers dehiscing longitudinally or by apical pores . Ovary 2-5-locular; placentation mostly axile ; ovules usually numerous . Style 1. Fruiting calyx often becoming enlarged, mostly persistent . Fruit a berry or capsule. Seeds with copious endosperm; embryo mostly curved .

About 95 genera with 2300 species: best represented in western tropical America, widespread in temperate and tropical regions ; 20 genera (ten introduced ) and 101 species in China.

Some species of Solanaceae are known in China only by plants cultivated in ornamental or specialty gardens: Atropa belladonna Linnaeus, Cyphomandra betacea (Cavanilles) Sendtner, Brugmansia suaveolens (Willdenow) Berchtold & Presl, Nicotiana alata Link & Otto, and Solanum jasminoides Paxton.[1]

Genus Cestrum

Shrubs or trees , glabrous or pubescent with simple or branched hairs . Leaves solitary, simple, petiolate , entire. Inflorescences terminal or axillary , racemose or paniculate , sometimes clustered in leaf axils , often bracteate or bracteolate . Flowers 5-merous. Calyx campanulate or tubular . Corolla long tubular; tube sometimes expanded or contracted around anthers , sometimes pubescent abaxially; limb lobed , usually spreading . Stamens inserted at various levels in corolla tube; filaments sometimes pubescent or appendaged at or below point of insertion ; anthers dehiscing longitudinally; disc mostly evident. Ovary 2-locular; ovules few to several, rarely to 20. Style slender; stigma entire or 2-lobed, rarely exserted. Fruit a berry, mostly white or blackish, globose , ovoid , or oblong , often juicy. Seeds 1 or several, oblong; embryo straight or slightly curved ; cotyledons ovate , oblong and much wider than radicle, or cylindric .

About 175 species: North America, South America; three cultivated for ornament in China.[2]

Physical Description

Landscaping

Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system . Watering can be reduced after establishment. Feed with a general purpose fertilizer before new growth begins in spring .

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,859 meters (0 to 6,099 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 6-8' apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full to partial sun

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High • Water Requirements: Water regularly, when top 3 in. of soil is dry.

Temperature: Heat Zones: High: 12 (>210 days) Low:1 (< 1 days) (map) • Cold Hardiness: High:11 (Above 40 F) Low:10 (30 to 40 F) (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Cestrum

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 20 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. alternifolium (Alternateleaf Jessamine) · C. aurantiacum (Hediondillo) · C. diurnum (China Berry) · C. diurnum var. diurnum (Day Flowering Jassamine) · C. diurnum var. portoricense (Puerto Rico Jessamine) · C. elegans (Butterfly Flower) · C. elegans var. smithii (Pink Cestrum) · C. elegans 'Smithii' (Pink Cestrum) · C. elegans 'Variegata' (Variegated Cestrum) · C. fasciculatum (Early Flowering Jessamine) · C. fasciculatum 'Newellii' (Early Flowering Jessamine) · C. laurifolium (Galen Del Monte) · C. nocturnum (Lady of the Night) · C. parqui (Chilean Flowering Jassamine) · C. psittacinum (Cestrum) · C. salicifolium (Pussywillow Jessamine) · C. x cultum (Purple Cestrum) · C. x cultum 'Cretan Purple' (Purple Cestrum) · C. 'Compact Purple' (Cestrum) · C. 'Orange Peel' (Night Blooming Jasmine)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A year of Costa Rican natural history, by Amelia Smith Calvert. .. and Philip Powell Calvert. .. with maps and illustrations. New York, The Macmillan company, 1917. url , p. 547, p. 87.
• American flower-garden directory: containing practical directions for the culture of plants in the flower-garden, hot-house, green-house, rooms, or parlour windows. .. / by Robert Buist. New York: Orange Judd, 1854. url p. 223.
• Annales du Jardin botanique de Buitenzorg. Suppl. 3 1910 Leiden [etc.]: E. J. Brill [etc.] url p. 398.
• Beautiful and rare trees & plants. London, C. Scribner's Sons[pref. 1903] url .
• Biologia centrali-americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. London, Pub. for the editors by R. H. Porter and Dulau & co., 1879-88. url .
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 7 1921 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 453, p. 662, p. 877.
• Cassell's dictionary of practical gardening; an illustrated encyclopædia of practical horticulture for all classes; ed. by Walter P. Wright. London, Cassell and company, limited, 1902. url p. 388.
• Climbing plants, by William Watson; with introduction by W. Robinson. London [etc.]: T.C. & E.C. Jack, [1915] url p. 125, p. 125, p. 89, p. 89.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45 2003 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 373, p. 508.
• Edwards's botanical register. 30 1844 London: James Ridgway, 1829-1847. url , , , p. 71, p. 71.
• Flora of Costa Rica. .. by Paul C. Standley. .. 18 1938 Chicago, 1937. url p. 1053.
• Flora of Guatemala / Johnnie L. Gentry, Paul C. Standley. 24 1974 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1974. url p. 19.
• Flora of the Hawaiian islands: a description of their phanerogams and vascular cryptogams /by William Hillebrand; annotated and published after the author's death by W.F. Hillebrand. 1888 London: New York: Williams & Norgate; B. Westermann, 1888. url p. 656.
• Garden and forest; a journal of horticulture, landscape art and forestry. New York: The Garden and forest publishing co., 1888-97. url , , p. 30, p. 32, p. 33, p. 517, p. 525.
• Gardening in California, San Francisco, A. M. Robertson, 1914. url p. 21, p. 84.
• Greenhouse & stove plants; flowering and fine-leaved, palms, ferns, and lycopodiums, with full details of the propagation and cultivation of 500 families of plants, embracing all the best kinds in cultivation, suitable for grow London, J. Murray, 1885. url p. 352.
• Journal of ethnobiology. 14 1994 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 40.
• Lindley, J. Paxton's flower garden /by Professor Lindley and Sir Joseph Paxton. 3 1853 London: Bradbury and Evans, [1850]-1853. url p. 71.
• Nicholson, G. The illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopædia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists /edited by George Nicholson; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. .. 9 1884 London: L.U. Gill, [1884]-88. url p. 396, p. 424.
• Ornamental gardening in Florida, by Charles Torrey Simpson; a treatise on the decorative plants adapted to Florida and their cultivation, with suggestions for the ornamentation of Florida homes and grounds. Little River, Fla., The author, 1916. url p. 144, p. 189, p. 189.
• Pamphlets on silviculture. [1899- url p. 75, p. 78.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 252.
• Poisonous plants of all countries, by A. Bernhard-Smith. London, Baillière, Tindall & Cox, 1923. url p. 88.
• Poisonous plants of all countries. With the active, chemical principles which they contain; and the toxic symptoms produced by each group. Bristol [Eng.]J. Wright, 1905. url .
• Popular gardening and fruit growing; An illustrated periodical devoted to horticulture in all its branches. Buffalo, New York;Popular gardening publishing company. url p. 60.
• Practical floriculture; a guide to the successful cultivation of florists' plants, for the amateur and professional florist. New York, O. Judd company, 1883. url p. 244.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 300, p. 67.
• Rural essays / by A.J. Downing; edited, with a memoir of the author, by George WIlliam Curtis; and a letter to his friends by Frederika Bremer. New York: George P. Putman and Company, 10 Park Place, [1853] url p. 520.
• Rural essays. .. New York, Putnam, 1853. url p. 520.
• South African journal of natural history. Pretoria, South African Biological Society. url p. 117, p. 134, p. 73.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 76.
• The American journal of horticulture and florist's companion. Boston: J.E. Tilton and Co., 1867-1869. url .
• The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. London, Taylor and Francis, Ltd. url p. 261.
• The Bradley bibliography; a guide to the literature of the woody plants of the world published before the beginning of the twentieth century; Cambridge, Riverside Press, 1911-18. url p. 345, p. 467, p. 699, p. 770.
• The Cottage gardener. [London: W.S. Orr, url .
• The Florist and horticultural journal. Philadelphia, [Pa.: s.n.], 1853-1855. url , , .
• The Florists' exchange: a weekly medium of interchange for florists, nurserymen, seedsmen and the trade in general. New York, N.Y.: [A.T. De la Mare Ptg. and Pub. Co., url p. 1091, p. 133, p. 348, p. 624.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url , , , , , , , , , , p. 122, p. 16, p. 177, p. 219, p. 220, p. 242, p. 280, p. 280, p. 285, p. 295, p. 309, p. 388, p. 404, p. 450, p. 471, p. 502, p. 544, p. 550, p. 567, p. 573, p. 574, p. 582, p. 667.
• The Gardener's monthly and horticulturist. Philadelphia, Pa.: Charles H. Marot, 1876-1888. url p. 259, p. 295.
• The Gardeners' chronicle and agricultural gazette. London: published for the proprietors, 1844-1873. url p. 1072, p. 1120, p. 208, p. 736, p. 87, p. 880.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 132, p. 20, p. 24, p. 240, p. 242, p. 250, p. 252, p. 26, p. 34, p. 348, p. 349, p. 400, p. 401, p. 403, p. 45, p. 46, p. 47, p. 55, p. 55, p. 602, p. 651, p. 668, p. 725.
• The Horticulturist and journal of rural art and rural taste. Albany, N.Y.: Luther Tucker, 1846-1875. url , p. 340, p. 45, p. 498, p. 56.
• The Journal of horticulture, cottage gardener and country gentlemen. London: George W. Johnson and Robert Hogg, 1861-1877. url p. 112, p. 227, p. 410, p. 446, p. 5.
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• The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution; Dublin, Blackie & son, limited, 1902. url .
• The natural history of plants; their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution. From the German of Anton Kerner von Marilaun, by F.W. Oliver, with the assistance of Marian Busk and Mary F. Ewart. with about 2000 original woodcut illustrations and sixteen plates in colours. London, Blackie, 1896-1897. url p. 367.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 2703.
• The year-book of agriculture: or The annual of agricultural progress and discovery for 1855 and 1856. Exhibiting the most important discoveries and improvements in agricultural mechanics, agricultural chemistry, agricultural and h by David A. Wells. Philadelphia: Childs & Peterson, 1856. url p. 296, p. 313.
• Tilton's journal of horticulture and florist's companion. Boston: J.E. Tilton and Co., 1869-1871. url p. 317.
• Transactions and proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. Wellington: New Zealand Institute. url p. 398, p. 447.
• Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Newcastle-upon-Tyne [et al.]F. & W. Dodsworth [et al.]1865/67-1973. url p. 129, p. 139.
• Vernacular list of trees, shrubs, and woody climbers in the Madras Presidency. Madras, Printed by the Superintendant, Government Press, 1915. url p. 345.
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• Kuang Ko-zen & Lu An-ming, eds. 1978. Solanaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(1): 1-175.
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 21, 2007:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
• UNIBIO, IBUNAM, MEXU/Plantas Vasculares
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2666057
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-501372
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13758514
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:814911-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 9991
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 501372
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 61276-3
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSOL070T0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CEAU2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 26195

Footnotes

1. Zhi-Yun Zhang, Anmin Lu & William G. D'Arcy "Solanaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 300. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Cestrum". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 330. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 914.490 meters (3,000.295 feet), Standard Deviation = 564.070 based on 506 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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