Cephalanthus occidentalis

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Rubiaceae

The Rubiaceae are trees , shrubs , or infrequently herbs comprising about 450 genera and 6,500 species, including some lianous forms. The leaves are simple and usually entire, and are opposite or sometimes whorled ; stipules are present and interpetiolar . The flowers are nearly always bisexual and actinomorphic , often heterostylous, and usually are in cymose inflorescences. The calyx is mostly somewhat reduced and 4-5-lobed or sometimes the lobes are obsolete or rarely one of them greatly expanded and brightly colored . The sympetalous corolla is mostly 4-5-lobed, occasionally with 3 or up to 10 lobes. The androecium consists of as many stamens as corolla lobes and is adnate to the corolla tube or epigynous zone, alternate with the lobes. The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of 2 or seldom more carpels, a single style, and a nearly always inferior ovary with the number of locules equaling the number of carpels, each with 1-many axile ovules. An epigynous nectary disk is usually present. The fruit is variable, sometimes forming multiples . -- Gerald Carr.

Physical Description

Landscaping

Landscape Uses: Naturalistic areas. Water's edge . Shrub border . • Liabilities: Can be short-lived. Can become coarse , sprawling and ungainly. Needs periodic rejuvenation pruning to maintain form and vigor.

Habitat

Hardy to zone 5.

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,978 meters (0 to 6,490 feet).[1]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Likes moisture. Full sun to light shade. Easily grown as long as the site is not dry. Requires periodic rejuventation pruning. Relatively pest free .

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Cephalanthus acuminatus Raf. • Cephalanthus angustifolius Dippel • Cephalanthus berlandieri Wernham • Cephalanthus hansenii Wernham • Cephalanthus obtusifolius Raf. • Cephalanthus occidentalis californicus (Benth.) E. Murray • Cephalanthus occidentalis f. angustifolia (André) Rehder • Cephalanthus occidentalis f. lanceolatus Fernald • Cephalanthus occidentalis var. brachypodus Dc. • Cephalanthus occidentalis var. californicus Benth. • Cephalanthus occidentalis var. macrophylla Raf. • Cephalanthus occidentalis var. obtusifolius Raf. • Cephalanthus occidentalis var. pubescens Raf. • Cephalanthus oppositifolius Moench • Cephalanthus pubescens Raf.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 11-Nov-2003

Similar Species

Members of the genus Cephalanthus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 6 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. cephalanthus occidentalis (Common Buttonbush) · C. occidentalis (Button Willow) · C. occidentalis f. lanceolatus (Common Buttonbush) · C. occidentalis 'Angustifolius' (Button Bush 'angustifolius') · C. occidentalis 'Keystone' (Button Willow) · C. salicifolius (Mexican Buttonbush)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• A catalogue of the phaenogamous and vascular cryptogamous plants of Worcester County, Masachusetts. Worcester: [Franklin P. Rice]1894. url p. 72.
• A contribution to the knowledge of the flora of southeastern Minnesota. [Boston, Heliotype Print. Co.]1900. url p. 358, p. 407.
• A dictionary of American plant names, compiled by Willard N. Clute. Joliet, Ill., W. N. Clute, 1923. url p. 52.
• A faunal investigation of Long Point and vicinity, Norfolk County, Ontario / [Toronto: Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology], 1931. url p. 122, p. 185.
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• A first report on the relations between climates and crops. By Cleveland Abbe. Washington [D.C.]: Govt. Print. Off., 1905. url p. 199.
• A flora of western middle California, Berkeley, Cal., Encina Publishing Company, 1901. url .
• A guide to the wild flowers Toronto: McLelland, Goodchild & Steward, c1899. url , .
• A guide to the wild flowers, by Alice Lounsberry. With sixty-four coloured and one hundred black-and-white plates and fifty-four diagrams by Mrs. Ellis Rowan; with an introduction by Dr. N.L. Britton... New York, Frederick A. Stokes company[1899] url , p. 131, p. 467.
• A manual of organic materia medica and pharmacognosy; an introduction to the study of the vegetable kingdom and the vegetable and animal drugs (with syllabus of inorganic remedial agents) comprising the botanical and physical characteristics, source, con Philadelphia, Blakiston[1917] url p. 586.
• A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations, Cedar Rapids, Ia., The Torch Press, 1911. url , , .
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• A narrative history of the town of Cohasset, Massachusetts. [Cohasset]Committee on Town History, 1898-1956. url p. 544.
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed April 30, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• Marine Science Institute, UCSB, Paleobiology Database
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
• The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx River Bioblitz
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2656784
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-36721
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13743570
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:746221-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 9854
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 34786
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDRUB09010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CEOCC2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 5

Footnotes

1. Mean = 213.580 meters (700.722 feet), Standard Deviation = 227.550 based on 2,746 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.