Cenchrus echinatus

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Poaceae

Annual or perennial herbs, or tall woody bamboos . Flowering stems (culms ) jointed , internodes hollow or solid; branches arising singly from nodes and subtended by a leaf sheath and 2-keeled prophyll, often fascicled in bamboos. Leaves arranged alternately in 2 ranks , differentiated into sheath, blade , and an adaxial erect appendage at sheath/blade junction (ligule) ; leaf sheath surrounding and supporting culm-internode, split to base or infrequently tubular with partially or completely fused margins , modified with reduced blade in bamboos (culm sheaths) ; leaf blades divergent, usually long, narrow and flat, but varying from inrolled and filiform to ovate , veins parallel, sometimes with cross-connecting veinlets (especially in bamboos) ; ligule membranous or a line of hairs . Inflorescence terminal or axillary , an open, contracted , or spikelike panicle, or composed of lax to spikelike racemes arranged along an elongate central axis, or digitate, paired , or occasionally solitary; axillary inflorescences often many, subtended by spatheoles (specialized bladeless leaf sheaths) and gathered into a leafy compound panicle; spikelets often aggregated into complex clusters in bamboos. Spikelets composed of distichous bracts arranged along a slender axis (rachilla) ; typically 2 lowest bracts (glumes ) empty, subtending 1 to many florets ; glumes often poorly differentiated from accompanying bracts in bamboos. Florets composed of 2 opposing bracts enclosing a single small flower, outer bract (lemma) clasping the more delicate, usually 2-keeled inner bract (palea) ; base of floret often with thickened prolongation articulated with rachilla (callus) ; lemma often with apical or dorsal bristle (awn ), glumes also sometimes awned . Flowers bisexual or unisexual ; lodicules (small scales representing perianth) 2, rarely 3 or absent, 3 to many in bamboos, hyaline or fleshy ; stamens 3 rarely 1, 2, 6, or more in some bamboos, hypogynous, filaments capillary , anthers versatile; ovary 1-celled, styles (1 or) 2(rarely 3), free or united at base, topped by feathery stigmas, exserted from sides or apex of floret. Fruit normally a dry indehiscent caryopsis with thin pericarp firmly adherent to seed, pericarp rarely free, fleshy in some bamboos; embryo small or large; hilum punctate to linear .

About 700 genera and 11,000 species: widely distributed in all regions of the world.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Seashore sand dunes, roadsides, waste places.[2].

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Cenchrus barbatus Schumacher
2. Cenchrus catharticus Delile

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Sp. pl. 2:1050. 1753

Name verified on 06-May-1992 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 29-Sep-1994

Similar Species

Members of the genus Cenchrus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 141 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. aegyptius · C. aequiglumis · C. agrimonioides (Agrimony Sandbur) · C. agrimonioides var. agrimonioides (Kamanomano) · C. agrimonioides var. laysanensis (Laysan Agrimony Sandbur) · C. agrimonoides · C. albertsonii · C. alopecuroides · C. anjania · C. annularis · C. anomoplexis · C. asperifolius · C. australis · C. barbatus · C. biflorus (Indian Sandburr) · C. brevisetus · C. brownei · C. brownii (Slim-Bristle Sandbur) · C. bulbifer · C. bulbosus · C. caliculatus · C. calyculatus · C. capitata · C. capitatus · C. carolinianus · C. catharticus · C. cavanillesii · C. ciliare · C. ciliaris · C. ciliatus · C. colorata · C. dactylolepis · C. digynus · C. distichophyllus · C. echinatus (Southern Sandbur Cenchrus Echinatus) · C. echinatus var. brevisetus · C. echinatus var. tribuloides · C. echinatus var. viridis · C. echinoides · C. ekmanianus · C. elliotii · C. elliottii · C. elymoides · C. elymoides var. brevisetosus · C. frutescens · C. geniculatus · C. glaucus · C. gracilis · C. gracillimus (Slender Sandbur) · C. granularis · C. heterochaetus · C. hexaflorus · C. hilarii · C. hillebrandianus · C. hirsutus · C. hordeiformis · C. humilis · C. hystrix · C. incertus · C. inflexus · C. insularis · C. laevigatus · C. lapeta · C. lappaceus · C. laysanensis (Kamanomano) · C. lechleri · C. leptacanthus · C. limensis · C. linearis · C. longifolius · C. longisetus · C. longispinus (Innocent Weed Cenchrus Longispinus) · C. macrocarpus · C. macrocephalus · C. macrostachyus · C. marginalis · C. marquisense · C. melanostachyus · C. microcephalus · C. mitis · C. montanus · C. mucronatus · C. multiflorus · C. muricatus · C. mutabilis · C. mutilatus · C. myosuroides (Big Sandbur) · C. myosuroides var. myosuroides · C. nervosus · C. niloticus · C. orientalis · C. ovatus · C. palmeri · C. paniceus · C. parviceps · C. parviflorus · C. paucifllorus · C. pauciflorus · C. pauciflorus var. longispinus · C. pedunculata

More Info

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Further Reading

• A contribution to the botany of the Isle of Pines, Cuba, based upon the specimens of plants from that island contained in the herbarium of the Carnegie Museum under date of October, 1916. By O.E. Jennings. [n.p., 1917] ENG url p. 52, p. 68.
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• A naturalist in Brazil; the record of a year's observation of her flora, her fauna, and her people, by Konrad Guenther translated by Bernard Miall Boston, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1931. ENG url p. 378.
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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• "Cenchrus echinatus". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 552, 553. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 12, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 28 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Israel Nature and Parks Authority
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, Plants of Papua New Guinea
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• SysTax, EMBRAPA
• SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
• SysTax, SysTax
• SysTax, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
• Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility, Magnoliophyta
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Galapagos grasses and sedges
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2660849
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-40575
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13792676
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:56629-3
• GRIN Nomen Number: 9795
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 40575
• MoBot NameID: 25513329
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA1C050
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CEECH
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 27379

Footnotes

1. Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Yang Guangyao, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova & Klaus Ammann "Poaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 22. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Cenchrus echinatus". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 552, 553. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

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