Common Names
Common Names in English:
Snakewoodtree, Trumpet Tree, Yaruma
Description
Family Urticaceae
Herbs, subshrubs
, or shrubs
, rarely trees
, very rarely climbing
, stems often fibrous
, sometimes succulent. sometimes armed
with stinging
hairs
; epidermal cells
of leaves, sometimes stems, perianths mostly with prominent
cystoliths
punctiform
to linear
; Leaves alternate or opposite, stipules present, rarely absent; leaf blade
simple
. Inflorescences cymose
, paniculate
, racemose, spicate
, or cluster-capitate, usually formed from glomerules
, sometimes crowded on common enlarged cuplike or discoid
receptacle, rarely reduced into a single flower. Flowers unisexual
(plants
monoecious or dioecious), rarely bisexual
in partial flowers; actinomorphic
, very small, (1-) 4- or 5-merous, rarely perianth absent in female flowers. Calyx absent. Perianth lobes
imbricate or valvate
. Male flowers: stamens as many as and opposite to perianth lobes, filaments
inflexed
in bud; anthers
2-locular, opening lengthwise, rudimentary
ovary often present. Female flowers: perianth lobes free
or connate
, usually enlarged in fruit and persistent
, occasionally absent; staminodes scarious
, opposite to the perianth lobes, or absent. Ovary rudimentary in male flowers, sessile or shortly stipitate
, free or adnate
to the perianth; 1-locular, ovule solitary, erect
from the base
; style simple, or absent; stigma diverse
, capitate, penicillate-capitate (brushlike), subulate
, filiform
, ligulate
, or peltate. Fruit usually a dry achene, sometimes a fleshy
drupe, often enclosed by the persistent perianth. Seed solitary, endosperm usually present; embryo straight; cotyledons ovate
elliptical
or orbicular
.
About 47 genera and 1300 species: most numerous
in wet tropical regions
, extending into temperate regions
; 25 genera and 341 species (163 endemic, one introduced
) in China.
Plants in this family
have numerous uses. The stem fiber of some genera and species is of high quality and used to make cloth, fishing nets
, and ropes and for some industrial materials
. In central and southern China,
Boehmeria nivea is widely cultivated for ramie fiber and Girardinia diversifolia subsp.
triloba is widely cultivated for red huo ma fiber. Boiled young shoots
of Girardinia, Laportea, and Urtica are eaten as vegetables. Some species are used in local Chinese medicine. Pellionia repens, Pilea cadierei, P. microphylla, and P. peperomioides, among other species, are widely cultivated as ornamentals
in China and elsewhere. Some genera, such as Elatostema, Pellionia, and Pilea, occur frequently in shady, moist habitats
of subtropical
forests
and become dominant elements
of the forest floor vegetation. Plants of the first five genera belong to tribe
Urticeae, which is usually characterized by the distinctive stinging hairs.[1]
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 584 meters (0 to 1,916 feet).[2]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Dilleniidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Urticanae
(
)
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Urticales
(
)
- Dumortier, 1829
- Family:
Urticaceae
(
)
- Durande, 1782, Nom. Cons.
- Nettle Family
- Family:
Urticaceae
(
- Order:
Urticales
(
- Superorder:
Urticanae
(
- Subclass:
Dilleniidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Unambiguous Synonyms
- Ambaiba palmata (Willd.) Kuntze
Notes
Publishing author
: Willd. Publication
: Sp.
Pl. iv
. 652.An accepted name
in the RHS Horticultural Database.
Place of publication: Sp. pl. 4(2):652. 1806
Name
verified on 02-Aug-2006 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 02-Aug-2006
Similar Species
Members of the genus Cecropia
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 179 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
C. acutifolia · C. adenopus (Ambay Pumpwood) · C. adenopus var. oblonga · C. adenopus var. vulgaris · C. albicans · C. alborugosa · C. alexandrina · C. alvarezii · C. ambaci · C. amphichlora · C. andina · C. angulata · C. angustifolia · C. annulata · C. antillarum · C. arachnoidea · C. arbelaezii · C. arenaria · C. argentea · C. asperrima · C. auyantepuiana · C. bicolor · C. bifurcata · C. boliviana · C. bracteata · C. bullata · C. bureauiana · C. burriada · C. candida · C. carbonaria · C. catarinensis · C. caucana · C. cinerea · C. cobariana · C. commutata · C. concolor · C. concolor subsp. engleriana · C. congesta · C. coriacea · C. cyrtostachya · C. dabeibana · C. danielis · C. dealbata · C. dentata · C. dielsiana · C. digitata · C. diguensis · C. discolor · C. distachia · C. distachya · C. elongata · C. engleriana · C. eximia · C. ferreyrae · C. ficifolia · C. flagellifera · C. francisci · C. frigida · C. gabrielis · C. gabrilis · C. garciae · C. glauca · C. glaziovi (Red Cecropia) · C. glaziovii · C. goodspeedii · C. goudotiana · C. granvilleana · C. hachensis · C. herthae · C. heterochroma · C. hispidissima · C. hololeuca (Silver Cecropia) · C. hondurensis · C. hormigana · C. humboldtiana · C. ibaguensis · C. idroboi · C. inchuensis · C. insignis · C. juranyana · C. juranyiana · C. kavanayensis · C. klotzschiana · C. laetevirens · C. laetivirens · C. lanciloba · C. latiloba · C. leucocoma · C. leucoma · C. leucophaea · C. levyana · C. libradensis · C. lisboana · C. litoralis · C. longipes (Guarumo Amarillo) · C. lyratiloba · C. lyratiloba var. nana · C. macranthera · C. magnifolia · C. maranhensis
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Allgemeine deutsche Garten-Zeitung, hrsg. von der Praktischen Gartenbau-Gesellschaft in Bayern zu Frauendorf. Passau, F. Pustet. GER url p. 101, p. 337.
- Anglo-russkii biologicheskii slovar' / [avtory, I. N. Afanas'eva et al.; spetsial'nye nauch. redaktory, O. I. Chibisova i L. A. Koziar]. Moskva: Russkii iazyk, 1979. ENG url p. 667.
- Atti della Riunione, &c. I-VIII & XI. [11 Vol. in 10]. Pisa, &c, 1840-75. ITA url p. 274.
- Berg, C. C. & P. F. Roselli. 2005. Cecropia. In: Organization for Flora Neotropica, ed., Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 94:138–140.
- Boggan, J. et al. 1997. Checklist of the plants of the Guianas, ed. 2. (L Guianas ed2)
- Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik. Jena [etc.]G. Fischer [etc.] GER url p. 145, p. 146, p. 216.
- Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Cambridge, Mass.: The Museum, ENG url p. 75.
- Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. ENG url p. 402.
- Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. Wien: Aus der Kaiserlich-K©niglichen Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1850-1918. GER url p. 221, p. 222, p. 224.
- Die Rohstoffe des Pflanzenreichs: versuch einer Technischen Rohstofflehre des Pflanzenreiches / Unter Mitwirkung von Max Bemberger, von Julius von Wiesner. Leipzig: W. Engelmann, 1914. GER url p. 382, p. 440, p. 748.
- Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
- Flora of Peru / by J. Francis Macbride; B.E. Dahlgren, editor. Chicago, U.S.A.: Field Museum of Natural History, [1937] ENG url p. 286, p. 288.
- Gartenflora. Erlangen: F. Enke, 1852-1940. GER url p. 99.
- Gesammelte Abhandlungen über Pflanzen-Physiologie, von Julius Sachs. Leipzig, W. Engelmann, 1892-93. GER url p. 413.
- Gray Cards
- IPGRI. New World Fruits Database - on-line resource. (New World Fruits)
- Inventory of seeds and plants imported / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 1914-1924. ENG url p. 106, p. 111, p. 117, p. 28, p. 54.
- Journal of the Arnold Arboretum. 38 1957 Cambridge, Mass.: Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University [etc.], 1919- ENG url p. 15, p. 35, p. 40, p. 406.
- Just's botanischer jahresbericht. Systematisch geordnetes repertorium der botanischen literatur aller länder. Berlin, Gebr. Borntraeger, 1874-98; GER url p. 412, p. 513, p. 514, p. 634.
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
- Mémoires de la Société Linnéenne de Paris. url p. 35.
- Phytographia; ou, Botanica brasileira applicada medicina, s artes e industria, seguida de un supplemento de materia medica, inclusive as plantas conhecidas e applicadas pelos indios em suas enfermidades, pelo Dr. Mello Moraes. Rio de Janeiro, B. L. Garnier, 1881. POR url p. 347.
- Sitzungsberichte. Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. Wien: K.-K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei in Kommission bei A. H©lder, GER url p. 570.
- Spermatophytes, mostly Peruvian. by J. Francis Macbride. Chicago [Ill.]: Field Museum of Natural History, [1931] ENG url p. 61.
- Verhandlungen der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft = Actes de la Société Helvétique des Sciences Naturelles = Atti della Società Elevetica di Scienze Naturali. Fribourg MUL url p. 77.
- Chen Chiajui & Wang Wentsai. 1995. Urticaceae. In: Wang Wentsai & Chen Chiajui, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 23(2): 1404.
Notes
Contributors
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 19, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 03, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 19, 2007:
- Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
- SysTax, SysTax
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3460977
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15349224
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:850949-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 9678
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 850949-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDCEC01080
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 166160
Footnotes
- Jiarui Chen, Prof. Qi Lin, Ib Friis, C. Melanie Wilmot-Dear & Alex K. Monro "Urticaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 76. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 147.040 meters (482.415 feet), Standard Deviation = 129.240 based on 49 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
