Ceanothus greggii

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Rhamnaceae

Deciduous or evergreen , often thorny trees , shrubs , woody climbers , or lianas, rarely herbs. Leaves simple , petiolate , alternate or opposite, pinnately veined or 3-5-veined, entire to serrate, sometimes much reduced; stipules small, caducous or persistent , sometimes transformed into spines. Flowers yellowish to greenish, rarely brightly colored , small, bisexual or unisexual , rarely polygamous, (4 or) 5-merous, hypogynous to epigynous , in mostly axillary , sessile or pedunculate cymes, or reduced to few in fascicles. Calyx tube patelliform or hemispherical to tubular , sometimes absent, at rim with calyx, corolla, and stamens; sepals 4 or 5, valvate in bud, triangular, erect or ± recurved during anthesis , adaxially often distinctly keeled , alternate with petals. Petals 4 or 5, rarely absent, usually smaller than sepals, concave or hooded , rarely nearly flat, often shortly clawed. Stamens 4 or 5, antepetalous and often ± enclosed by petals; filaments thin, adnate to bases of petals; anthers minute, versatile or not, 2(or 4) -celled, dehiscing by longitudinal slits, usually introrse . Disk intrastaminal , nectariferous , thin to ± fleshy , entire or lobed , glabrous or rarely pubescent , free from ovary or tightly surrounding it, or adnate to calyx tube. Ovary superior to inferior, (1 or) 2-4-loculed, with 1(or 2) ovules per locule; ovules anatropous , basal and erect; styles simple or ± deeply 3-lobed or 3-cleft. Fruit either an indehiscent, rarely explosively dehiscent , sometimes winged , schizocarpic capsule, or a ± fleshy drupe with 1-4 indehiscent, rarely dehiscent, pyrenes (stones ) . Seeds with thin, oily albumen, sometimes exalbuminous ; embryo large, oily, straight or rarely bent.

About 50 genera and more than 900 species: almost cosmopolitan , mainly in subtropical to tropical areas; 13 genera and 137 species (82 endemic, one introduced ) in China.

Former classifications usually placed Rhamnaceae in the Rhamnales, together with Vitaceae and Leeaceae (Suessenguth in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., ed. 2, 20d. 1953), or together with Elaeagnaceae (Thorne, Bot. Rev. 58: 225-348. 1992) . Orders such as Celastrales, Urticales, and Euphorbiales have often been considered as closely related groups. Recent analyses of DNA sequences strongly supported including the family in the Rosales, beside the closest relatives Barbeyaceae and Dirachmaceae (see Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 141: 399-436. 2003) . Suessenguth (loc. cit. ) grouped the family into five tribes , mainly characterized by fruit characters. Richardson et al. (Kew Bull . 55: 311-340. 2000; Amer. J. Bot. 87: 1309-1324. 2000) revised this tribal classification on the basis of a phylogenetic analysis using rbcL and trnL-F sequences of the plastid genome. Now 11 tribes are recognized, of which four are represented in the Flora area.



The bark , leaves, and fruit of several species of Rhamnus have been used as laxatives , notably R. cathartica and R. frangula. Diverse Old World species of Rhamnus provide yellow and green dyes as well as drugs. Timber of Alphitonia, Colubrina, Hovenia, and Ziziphus species is used for construction, fine furniture, carving, lathework, and musical instruments. Many Ziziphus species yield edible fruit; among them, Z. jujuba (Chinese jujube) and Z. mauritiana (Indian jujube) are cultivated on a commercial scale. Hovenia dulcis is also grown for its edible, fleshy inflorescence stalks . Species of Hovenia, Paliurus, and Rhamnus are cultivated as ornamentals .[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,765 meters (0 to 9,072 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial • Coppice Potential: No • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: Yes • Propagated by Container: Yes • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: Yes • Propagated by Seed: Yes • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: No • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Spring • Fruit/Seed Period End: Spring • Fruit/Seed Persistence: No

Growth

Culture: Space 4-6' apart.

Soil: Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes • Anaerobic Tolerance: None • Salinity Tolerance: Low • CaCO3 Tolerance: High • Minimum pH: 6.2 • Maximum pH: 8.5 • Fertility Requirement: Low

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun . • Shade Tolerance: Intolerant

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High • Minimum Precipitation: 11 • Maximum Precipitation: 40 • Moisture Use: Low

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): -13 • Minimum Frost Free Days: 270 • Cold Hardiness: 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001

Similar Species

Members of the genus Ceanothus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 161 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. americanus (Ceanothus) · C. arboreus (Catalina Ceanothus) · C. arboreus 'Trewithen Blue' (Feltleaf Ceanothus) · C. arcuatus (Arching Ceanothus) · C. bakeri (Baker's Ceanothus) · C. coeruleus (Azure Ceanothus) · C. confusus (Rincon Ridge Ceanothus) · C. connivens (Trailing Buckbrush) · C. cordulatus (Mountain Whitethorn) · C. crassifolius (Hoary-Leaf Whitethorn) · C. cuneatus (Buckbrush) · C. cuneatus var. cuneatus (Buckbrush) · C. cuneatus var. fascicularis (Buck Brush Ceanothus) · C. cuneatus var. ramulosus (Buckbrush Ceanothus) · C. cuneatus var. rigidus (Monterey Ceanothus) · C. cyaneus (San Diego Buckbrush) · C. dentatus (Cropleaf Ceanothus) · C. divergens (Calistoga Ceanothus) · C. divergens 'Burtonensis' (Crop-Leaf Ceanothus) · C. diversifolius (Pine Mat Ceanothus) · C. fendleri (Ceanothus) · C. ferrisae (Coyote Ceanothus) · C. ferrisiae (Coyote Ceanothus) · C. flexilis (Flexible Ceanothus) · C. foliosus (Wavy-Leaf Whitethorn) · C. foliosus var. foliosus (Wavyleaf Ceanothus) · C. foliosus var. medius (Wavyleaf Buckbrush) · C. foliosus var. vineatus (Vine Hill Ceanothus) · C. fresnensis (Fresno Ceanothus) · C. gloriosus (Holly Ceanothus) · C. gloriosus var. exaltatus (Glory Brush Ceanothus) · C. gloriosus var. exaltatus 'Emily Brown' (Emily Brown Ceanothus) · C. gloriosus var. gloriosus (Point Reyes Ceanothus) · C. gloriosus var. porrectus (Mount Vision Ceanothus) · C. gloriosus 'Anchor Bay' (Holly Ceanothus) · C. greggii (Ceanothus) · C. greggii greggii (Ceanothus) · C. greggii greggii var. greggii (Mohave Desert Ceanothus) · C. greggii var. greggii (Desert Ceanothus) · C. greggii var. lanuginosa (Mohave Desert Ceanothus) · C. greggii var. perplexans (Cupleaf Ceanothus) · C. greggii var. vestitus (Mohave Ceanothus) · C. griseus (California Lilac) · C. griseus var. horizontalis 'Carmel Creeper' (California Lilac) · C. griseus var. horizontalis 'Diamond Heights' (Ceanothus) · C. griseus var. horizontalis 'Santa Ana' (California Lilac) · C. griseus var. horizontalis 'Yankee Point' (Ceanothus) · C. hearstiorum (Hearst Ranch Buckbrush) · C. herbaceus (Jersey Tea) · C. impressus (Santa Barbara Ceanothus) · C. impressus var. impressus (Santa Barbara Ceanothus) · C. impressus var. nipomensis (Santa Barbara Ceanothus) · C. impressus 'Puget Blue' (Santa Barbara Ceanothus) · C. incanus (Coast Whitethorn) · C. infestus (Junco) · C. integerrimus (Deer Brush) · C. integerrimus var. parvifolius (Deerbrush Ceanothus) · C. jepsonii (Jepson Ceanothus) · C. jepsonii var. albiflorus (Ceanothus) · C. jepsonii var. jepsonii (Jepson Ceanothus) · C. lemmoni (Lemmon's Ceanothus) · C. lemmonii (Ceanothus) · C. leucodermis (Chaparral Whitethorn) · C. lobbianus (Lobbian Ceanothus) · C. lorenzenii (Lorenzen's Ceanothus) · C. maritimus (Maritime Ceanothus) · C. maritimus 'Point Sierra' (Maratime Ceanothus) · C. martini (Martin Ceanothus) · C. martinii (Ceanothus) · C. masonii (Bolinas Ceanothus) · C. megacarpus (Big-Pod Ceanothus) · C. megacarpus var. insularis (Island Ceanothus) · C. megacarpus var. megacarpus (Bigpod Ceanothus) · C. mendocinensis (Mendocino Ceanothus) · C. microphyllus (Little-Leaf Whitethorn) · C. oliganthus (Hairy Ceanothus) · C. ophiochilus (Vail Lake Ceanothus) · C. otayensis (Otay Ceanothus) · C. palmeri (Palmer Ceanothus) · C. papillosus (Ceanothus) · C. papillosus roweanus (Wartleaf Ceanothus) · C. papillosus var. papillosus (Wartleaf Ceanothus) · C. papillosus var. roweanus (California Lilac) · C. papillosus var. roweanus 'Julia Phelps' (Ceanothus) · C. parryi (Ceanothus) · C. parvifolius (Ceanothus) · C. pinetorum (Ceanothus) · C. prostratus (Mahala Mats Ceanothus) · C. pumilus (Dwarf Ceanothus) · C. purpureus (Hollyleaf Ceanothus) · C. rigidus 'Snowball' (Monterey Ceanothus) · C. rodericki (Buckthorn) · C. roderickii (Pine Hill Ceanothus) · C. roweanus (Wartleaf Ceanothus) · C. rugosus (Rugose Ceanothus) · C. sanguineus (Oregon-Tea) · C. serpyllifolius (Coastal Plain Buckbrush) · C. serrulatus (Cascade Lake Ceanothus) · C. sonomensis (Sonoma Ceanothus) · C. sorediatus (Jim-Brush)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 476.
• Biologia centrali-americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. London, Pub. for the editors by R. H. Porter and Dulau & co., 1879-88. url .
• Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences Los Angeles, Calif.: The Academy, 1971- url p. 12, p. 37.
• California fish and game. [San Francisco, etc.]: State of California, Resources Agency, Dept. of Fish and Game. url p. 251, p. 283, p. 31.
• Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url , p. 1765, p. 1766, p. 1769, p. 1796, p. 1801, p. 1803, p. 1807, p. 1820, p. 1825, p. 1829, p. 1834, p. 1851, p. 1928.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 12 1908-1909 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 284, p. 350, p. 351, p. 414, p. 720, p. 722, p. 78, p. 79.
• Contributions from the University of Michigan Herbarium. 24 2005 Ann Arbor: University Herbarium, University of Michigan, 1939- url p. 167.
• Flora of New Mexico. By E.O. Wooton and Paul C. Standley. WashingtonGovt. Print. Off.1915 url p. 414.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 518, p. 8.
• Journal of Hymenoptera research. 11 Washington, D.C.: International Society of Hymenopterists, [1992- url p. 211, p. 224, p. 226.
• Native woody plants of the United States, their erosion-control and wildlife values. Washington, U. S. Govt. print. off., 1938. url , , , p. 87, p. 89, p. 91.
• Naturalist's guide to the Americas, prepared by the Committee on the Preservation of Natural Conditions of the Ecological Society of America, with assistance from numerous organizations and individuals, assembled and edited by chairman, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1926. url p. 584, p. 584.
• North American fauna. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 37.
• Novon a journal of botanical nomenclature from the Missouri Botanical Garden. 5 1995 St. Louis, MO: Missouri Botanical Garden, url p. 214.
• Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, url p. 7, p. 8.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 32, p. 37, p. 440, p. 94.
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 143, p. 308.
• Science. New York, N.Y.: [s.n.]1880- url p. 723.
• The Great Basin naturalist. 43 1983 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 125, p. 162, p. 18, p. 516, fig. 3, page 518.
• The Plant world. Baltimore [etc.]Plant World Association [etc.] url p. 109, p. 121, p. 297.
• The University of Kansas science bulletin. 31 1947 [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. url p. 473.
• The effects of water development upon populations of Gambel's Quail in southwestern Utah / [Salt Lake City]: Utah State Department of Fish and Game, 1964. url p. 133, p. 85.
• Trees and shrubs of Mexico / By Paul C. Standley. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1920-1926. url p. 720, p. 722.
• Chen Yi-ling and Chou Pan-kai. 1982. Rhamnaceae. In: Chen Yi-ling, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 48(1): i-vi, 1-169.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 02, 2008:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Herbario del Instituto de Ecología, A.C., México
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2652065
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-523805
• GRIN Nomen Number: 105415
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 28473
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 716834-1
• MoBot NameID: 27500240
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDRHA040G0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CEGRO CEGR
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 29222

Footnotes

1. Yilin Chen & Carsten Schirarend "Rhamnaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 115,355. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 1,207.410 meters (3,961.319 feet), Standard Deviation = 641.680 based on 237 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.