Interesting Facts
Description
Family Bignoniaceae
Trees
, shrubs
, or vines
, climbers
rarely herbs. Leaves opposite, alternate, or whorled
, simple
or pinnately compound
, rarely palmately compound
, without stipules, climbers usually with tendrils
modified sometimes into hooks or suckers
. Inflorescences cymose
, paniculate
, or racemose, terminal
or axillary
, rarely flowers borne on old stems; bracts and bractlets
present, sometimes deciduous. Flowers bisexual
, zygomorphic, usually large. Calyx campanulate
or tubular
, truncate
, 2-5-dentate, or glandular
subulate-dentate. Corolla campanulate or funnelform
, usually bilabiate; lobes
5, imbricate or valvate
. Fertile
stamens 4 (didynamous
) and staminode 1, or 2 and staminodes 3, rarely all 5 stamens fertile. Disc fleshy
. Ovary superior, 2-locular, rarely 1- or 4-locular; placentation axile
or parietal
; ovules numerous
. Style filiform
; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule dehiscing loculicidally or septicidally, rarely fruit fleshy and indehiscent. Seeds numerous, usually winged
or with tufts of hairs
at both ends; endosperm absent.
About 116-120 genera and 650-750 species: mostly in tropical
and subtropical
regions; 12 genera and 35 species (21 endemic) in China.
Plants
of the Bignoniaceae usually produce
large flowers, and many species are widely cultivated in China as ornamentals
. These include Arrabidaea magnifica Sprague ex
Steenis, Campsis radicans (Linnaeus) Seemann, Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Engelmann, Clytostoma callistegioides (Chamisso) Bureau & Schumann, Crescentia alata Kunth, C.
cujete Linnaeus, Jacaranda cuspidifolia Martius, J. mimosifolia D. Don, Kigelia africana (Lamarck) Bentham, Macfadyena unguis-cati (Linnaeus) A. H. Gentry, Pandorea jasminoides (Linnaeus) Schumann, Parmetiera cerifera Seemann, Podranea ricasoliana (Tanfani) Sprague, Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawler) Miers, Spathodea campanulata Beauvois, Stenolobium stans (Linnaeus) Seemann, Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacquin) G. Nicholson, T. rosea (Bertoloni) de Candolle, and Tecomaria capensis (Thunberg) Spach.[1]
Genus Catalpa
Trees
deciduous. Leaves simple
, purple glandular
punctate
at vein
axils abaxially. Inflorescences paniculate
, corymbose
, or racemose, terminal
. Calyx bilabiate or irregularly divided
, globose
in buds. Corolla campanulate
, bilabiate, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed. Fertile
stamens 2, included
, inserted
at base
of corolla tube
; staminodes 3. Disc conspicuous
. Ovary 2-locular; ovules several. Capsule dehiscing loculicidally, long terete
; valves
thin; septum slender, terete. Seeds in several rows
, rounded
, thin membranous, with hair tufts at both ends.
About 13 species: N America and E Asia; four species in China.[2]
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Asteridae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Lamianae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Lamiales
()
- Bromhead, 1838
- Family:
Bignoniaceae
()
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- bignonias
- Family:
Bignoniaceae
(
- Order:
Lamiales
(
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
- Subclass:
Asteridae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Publishing author : Hort. Publication : ex Bull . Soc. Tosc. Ortic. (1888) 330.
Similar Species
Members of the genus Catalpa
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 12 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
C. bignonioides (Catawba) · C. bignonioides 'Aurea' (Golden Catalpa) · C. bignonioides 'Nana' (Dwarf Southern Catalpa) · C. bungei (Beijing Catalpa) · C. fargesii (Farges Catalpa) · C. longissima (Haitian Catalpa) · C. ovata (Chinese Catalpa) · C. punctata (Cuban Catalpa) · C. speciosa (Catalpa) · C. tibetica (Tibetan Catalpa) · C. × erubescens (Cultivated Catalpa) · C. x erubescens 'Purpurea' (Purple Catalpa)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Tao Deding & Yin Wenqing. 1990. Bignoniaceae. In: Wang Wentsai, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 69: 1-62.
Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 10561433
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:109185-1
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 109185-1
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1207606
Footnotes
- Zhi-Yun Zhang & Thawatchai Santisuk "Bignoniaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 213. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Zhi-Yun Zhang & Thawatchai Santisuk "Catalpa". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 215. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
