Common Names
Common Names in English:
Field Indian Paintbrush, Field Indian-Paintbrush
Description
Family Scrophulariaceae
Herbs, sometimes shrubs
, rarely trees
; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled
, or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple
or sometimes pinnately dissected
. Inflorescences racemes
, spikes, or thyrsoid
panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect
, usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic
. Calyx often persistent
, (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate
. Corolla sympetalous
; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous
, sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther
locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal
, free
or confluent
. Nectary
often present at base
of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland
. Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous
, rarely 2 per locule, on axile
placentas, anatropous
or hemitropous
. Style
simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal
, loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores
or irregularly dehiscent
, rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous
, sometimes winged
; testa often reticulate
; hilum
lateral
or ventral
; endosperm fleshy
or absent; embryo straight or curved
.
About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan
; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Genus Castilleja
Herbs, annuals
or perennials
, rarely shrubs
, hemiparasitic. Spikes or racemes
terminal
; bracts leaflike, often broader than leaves, variously colored
, entire
or lobed
. Calyx tubular
, base
often gibbous
abaxially, 2- or 4-lobed, median
clefts
usually deeper than lateral
. Corolla tube
included
in calyx; limb conspicuously 2-lipped; lower lip short, patent
, 3-lobed; upper lip elongated, rostrate
apex entire. Stamens 4, didynamous
; anthers
enclosed by upper lip. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds numerous
, minute; seed coat
transparent, foveolate.
About 200 species: mainly in W North America, about ten species in N Asia and E Europe; one species in China."Castilleja". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 89. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Physical Description
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,936 meters (0 to 16,194 feet).Mean = 1,219.210 meters (4,000.033 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,124.820 based on 472 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre.
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Annual
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Flowering Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
()
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Lamianae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Scrophulariales
()
- Lindley, 1833
- Family:
Scrophulariaceae
()
- Durande, 1782, Nom. Cons.
- Figwort Family
- Subfamily:
Rhinanthoideae
()
- Tribe:
Rhinantheae
()
- Genus:
Castilleja
()
- Mutis ex Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 47. 1781.
- Indian Paintbrush
- Specific epithet:
arvensis
- Cham. & Schltdl.
- Botanical name: - Castilleja arvensis Cham. & Schltdl.
- Specific epithet:
arvensis
- Cham. & Schltdl.
- Genus:
Castilleja
(
- Tribe:
Rhinantheae
(
- Subfamily:
Rhinanthoideae
(
- Family:
Scrophulariaceae
(
- Order:
Scrophulariales
(
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Place of publication
: Linnaea 5:103. 1830
Similar Species
Members of the genus Castilleja
There are approximately 550 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
C. adenophora · C. affinis (Coast Indian Paintbrush) · C. affinis affinis (Coast Indian Paintbrush) · C. affinis insularis · C. affinis litoralis (Coast Indian Paintbrush) · C. affinis neglecta (Coast Indian Paintbrush) · C. affinis subsp. litoralis · C. affinis subsp. neglecta · C. affinis var. linariaefolia · C. affinis var. minor · C. affins · C. agginis · C. agrestis · C. albobarbata · C. alpicola · C. altorum · C. ambigua (Ambiguous Indian Paintbrush) · C. ambigua humboldtiensis (Johnny-Nip) · C. ambigua insalutata · C. ambigua subsp. humboldtiensis · C. ambigua subsp. insalutata · C. ampliflora · C. anacapensis · C. andrewsii · C. angustata · C. angustiflolia · C. angustifolia (Desert Indian Paintbrush) · C. angustifolia abbreviata · C. angustifolia bradburii · C. angustifolia hispida · C. angustifolia subsp. abbreviata · C. angustifolia subsp. bradburii · C. angustifolia subsp. hispida · C. angustifolia var. abbreviata · C. angustifolia var. adenophora · C. angustifolia var. angustifolia (Northwestern Indian Paintbrush) · C. angustifolia var. collina · C. angustifolia var. flavescens (Narrow-Leaved Indian Paintbrush) · C. angustifolia var. subcinerea · C. annua (Annual Indian-Paintbrush) · C. anthemidifolia · C. applegatei (Applegates Paintbrush) · C. applegatei applegatei · C. applegatei applegatei var. applegatei · C. applegatei disticha · C. applegatei martinii · C. applegatei pallida · C. applegatei pinetorum · C. applegatei subsp. disticha · C. applegatei subsp. martinii · C. applegatei subsp. pallida · C. applegatei subsp. pinetorum · C. aquariensis (Aquarius Indian Paintbrush) · C. arachnoidea (Cobweb Paintbrush) · C. arachnoidea schizotricha · C. arapahoensis · C. arctica · C. arctica subsp. vorkutensis · C. arctica vorkutensis · C. arcuata · C. ardifera · C. arvensis (Field Indian Paintbrush) · C. aspera · C. attenuata (Attenuate Indian Paintbrush) · C. aurantiaca · C. aurea · C. auriculata · C. auriculata var. verecunda · C. austromontana (Rincon Indian Paintbrush) · C. bella · C. bennittii · C. bicolor · C. blumeri · C. brachyantha · C. brachyantha var. subinflata · C. bracteata · C. bradburii · C. breviflora · C. brevilobata brevilobata · C. brevistyla (Short-Style Owl's-Clover) · C. brooksii · C. brunnescens · C. bryanti · C. buffumii · C. campestris (Field Owl's-Clover) · C. campestris campestris · C. campestris subsp. succulenta · C. campestris succulenta (Fleshy Owl's-Clover) · C. camporum · C. candens · C. canescens · C. carterae · C. caudata (Port Clarence Indian Paintbrush) · C. caudata var. auricoma (Port Clarence Indian Paintbrush) · C. caudata var. caudata · C. cerroana · C. cervina (Deer Indian Paintbrush) · C. chambersii · C. chiapensis · C. chiriquiensis
Bibliography
- Malezasdemexico. Malezas de México - on-line resource. (Malezas Mex)
- Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.
- Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.
More Info
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Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed December 11, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 10 providers.
- MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 17, 2008.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 11, 2007:
- Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
- Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
- , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2655611
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-33128
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13746949
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:800871-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 9535
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 33128
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 800871-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSCR0D070
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CAAR21
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 28856
