Castilleja angustifolia (Desert Indian Paintbrush, Desert Paintbrush, Northwestern Indian Paintbrush, Northwestern Indian-Paintbrush, Northwestern Paintbrush)

Common Names

Common Names in English:

Desert Indian Paintbrush, Desert Paintbrush, Northwestern Indian Paintbrush, Northwestern Indian-Paintbrush, Northwestern Paintbrush

Description

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Family Scrophulariaceae

Herbs, sometimes shrubs , rarely trees ; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled , or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple or sometimes pinnately dissected . Inflorescences racemes , spikes, or thyrsoid panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect , usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic . Calyx often persistent , (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate . Corolla sympetalous ; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous , sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal , free or confluent . Nectary often present at base of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland . Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous , rarely 2 per locule, on axile placentas, anatropous or hemitropous . Style simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal , loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores or irregularly dehiscent , rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous , sometimes winged ; testa often reticulate ; hilum lateral or ventral ; endosperm fleshy or absent; embryo straight or curved .

About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan ; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Genus Castilleja

Herbs, annuals or perennials , rarely shrubs , hemiparasitic. Spikes or racemes terminal ; bracts leaflike, often broader than leaves, variously colored , entire or lobed . Calyx tubular , base often gibbous abaxially, 2- or 4-lobed, median clefts usually deeper than lateral . Corolla tube included in calyx; limb conspicuously 2-lipped; lower lip short, patent , 3-lobed; upper lip elongated, rostrate apex entire. Stamens 4, didynamous ; anthers enclosed by upper lip. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds numerous , minute; seed coat transparent, foveolate.

About 200 species: mainly in W North America, about ten species in N Asia and E Europe; one species in China."Castilleja". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 89. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Physical Description

Habit: Subshrub , Shrub , Forb/herb • Growth Form: Single Crown • Shape and Orientation: Erect

Flowers: Bloom Period: Mid Spring • Flower Color: Red • Flower Conspicuous: Yes

Seeds: Seed per Pound: 325000 • Seed Spread Rate: Slow • Seedling Vigor: Medium • Fruit/Seed Abundance: Medium • Fruit/Seed Color: Red • Fruit/Seed Conspicuous: No • Cold Stratification Required: Yes

Foliage: Foliage Color: Green • Foliage Porosity Summer: Porous • Foliage Porosity Winter: Porous • Foliage Texture: Fine • Fall Conspicuous: No • Leaf Retention: No

Size/Age/Growth

Active Growth Period: Spring and Summer • Growth Rate: Moderate • After Harvest Regrowth Rate: Slow • Mature Height (feet): 2.5 • Size: 24-36" tall. • Vegetative Spread Rate: None • Lifespan: Lifespan

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial • Coppice Potential: No • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: No • Propagated by Container: No • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: No • Propagated by Seed: Yes • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: No • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Spring • Fruit/Seed Period End: Summer • Fruit/Seed Persistence: No

Growth

Soil: Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: No • Anaerobic Tolerance: Low • Salinity Tolerance: None • CaCO3 Tolerance: Medium • Minimum pH: 5.6 • Maximum pH: 7.3 • Fertility Requirement: Low

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade. • Shade Tolerance: Tolerant

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: Medium • Minimum Precipitation: 12 • Maximum Precipitation: 45 • Moisture Use: Medium

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): -33 • Minimum Frost Free Days: 85 • Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Magnoliophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Flowering Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Magnoliopsida () - Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
        Subclass: Lamiidae () - Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
        Superorder: Lamianae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Order: Scrophulariales () - Lindley, 1833
        Family: Scrophulariaceae () - Durande, 1782, Nom. Cons. - Figwort Family
        Subfamily: Rhinanthoideae ()
        Tribe: Rhinantheae ()
        Genus: Castilleja () - Mutis ex Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 47. 1781. - Indian Paintbrush
        Specific epithet: angustifolia - A.Gray
        Botanical name: - Castilleja angustifolia A.Gray

Unambiguous Synonyms

Castilleja angustifolia (Nutt.) G. Don
Euchroma angustifolia Nutt.

Notes

Basionym : Scrophulariaceae Euchroma bradburii Nutt.Basionym author : (Nutt.) Basionym: Castilleja hispida Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : Gen. hist. 4:616. 1838

Name verified on 23-Feb-2006 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 23-Feb-2006

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Castilleja

There are approximately 550 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

Bibliography

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Cronquist, A. et al. 1972–. Intermountain flora. (Intermt F)
Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. (F CalifJep)
Hitchcock, C. L. et al. 1955–1969. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. (F Pacif NW)
Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.
Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors

Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed November 1, 2006.
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 19, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 11 providers.
MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 17, 2008.
The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 19, 2007:

Australian National Herbarium
, Australian National Herbarium
Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
Utah Valley State College
, Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2655592
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-33092
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13746838
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:800861-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 448109

Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 33092
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 800860-1
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSCR0D020
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CAANB CAAN
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 26712

Castilleja angustifolia

Common Names

Description

Family Scrophulariaceae

Genus Castilleja

Physical Description

Size/Age/Growth

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Castilleja

Bibliography

More Info

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes