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• Taxonomy
• Physical Description
• Distribution
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
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Taxonomy

Notes:

Publishing author: L.F.Hend. Publication: Madroño 3: 31 1935

Physical Description

Family Scrophulariaceae:

Herbs, sometimes shrubs, rarely trees; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled, or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple or sometimes pinnately dissected. Inflorescences racemes, spikes, or thyrsoid panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect, usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic. Calyx often persistent, (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate. Corolla sympetalous; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous, sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal, free or confluent. Nectary often present at base of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland. Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous, rarely 2 per locule, on axile placentas, anatropous or hemitropous. Style simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal, loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores or irregularly dehiscent, rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous, sometimes winged; testa often reticulate; hilum lateral or ventral; endosperm fleshy or absent; embryo straight or curved.

About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.^[1]

Genus Castilleja:

Herbs, annuals or perennials, rarely shrubs, hemiparasitic. Spikes or racemes terminal; bracts leaflike, often broader than leaves, variously colored, entire or lobed. Calyx tubular, base often gibbous abaxially, 2- or 4-lobed, median clefts usually deeper than lateral. Corolla tube included in calyx; limb conspicuously 2-lipped; lower lip short, patent, 3-lobed; upper lip elongated, rostrate apex entire. Stamens 4, didynamous; anthers enclosed by upper lip. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds numerous, minute; seed coat transparent, foveolate.

About 200 species: mainly in W North America, about ten species in N Asia and E Europe; one species in China.^[2]

Distribution

Range and Population

Oregon (Northwestern U.S.A., Northern America)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Castilleja:

There are approximately 608 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: C. affinis insularis · C. ambigua humboldtiensis · C. ambigua insalutata · C. angustifolia abbreviata · C. angustifolia bradburii · C. angustifolia hispida · C. applegatei applegatei · C. applegatei disticha · C. applegatei martinii · C. applegatei pallida · C. applegatei pinetorum · C. arachnoidea schizotricha · C. arctica vorkutensis · C. campestris campestris · C. densiflora gracilis · C. densiflora obispoensis · C. douglassi insularis · C. exserta venusta · C. glandulifera pallida · C. hispida brevilobata · C. lanata lanata · C. latifolia insularis · C. latifolia mendocinensis · C. latifolia pinnatifida · C. miniata dixonii · C. miniata elata · C. miniata miniata · C. minor minor · C. minor spiralis · C. pallida auricoma · C. pallida caudata · C. pallida elegans · C. pallida hyparctica · C. pallida lapponica · C. pallida mexiae · C. pallida pavlovii · C. pallida septentrionalis · C. pallida typica · C. pilosa jusselii · C. pruinosa gleasonii · C. raupii typica · C. raupii ursina · C. rubicundula lithospermoides · C. sessiliflora betheli · C. subinclusa franciscana · C. subinclusa subinclusa · C. unalaschcensis transnivalis · C. unalaschcensis typica · C. adenophora · C. affinis (Coast Indian Paintbrush) · C. affinis affinis (Coast Indian Paintbrush) · C. affinis litoralis (Coast Indian Paintbrush) · C. affinis neglecta (Coast Indian Paintbrush) · C. affinis subsp. litoralis · C. affinis subsp. neglecta · C. affinis var. linariaefolia · C. affinis var. minor · C. affins · C. agginis · C. agrestis · C. albobarbata · C. alpicola · C. altorum · C. ambigua (Ambiguous Indian Paintbrush) · C. ambigua ambigua (Johnny-Nip) · C. ambigua subsp. humboldtiensis · C. ambigua subsp. insalutata · C. ampliflora · C. anacapensis · C. andrewsii · C. angustata · C. angustiflolia · C. angustifolia (Desert Indian Paintbrush) · C. angustifolia subsp. abbreviata · C. angustifolia subsp. bradburii · C. angustifolia subsp. hispida · C. angustifolia var. abbreviata · C. angustifolia var. adenophora · C. angustifolia var. angustifolia (Northwestern Indian Paintbrush) · C. angustifolia var. collina · C. angustifolia var. flavescens (Narrow-Leaved Indian Paintbrush) · C. angustifolia var. subcinerea · C. annua (Annual Indian-Paintbrush) · C. anthemidifolia · C. appelgatei · C. applegatei (Applegates Paintbrush) · C. applegatei applegatei var. applegatei · C. applegatei subsp. disticha · C. applegatei subsp. martinii · C. applegatei subsp. pallida · C. applegatei subsp. pinetorum · C. applegatei var. applegatei · C. aquariensis (Aquarius Indian Paintbrush) · C. arachnoidea (Cobweb Paintbrush) · C. arachnoidea shastensis · C. arapahoensis · C. arctica · C. arctica subsp. vorkutensis · C. arcuata · C. ardifera

Bibliography

• Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.

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Notes

Contributors:

• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.

Identifiers:

• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15845399
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:800857-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1408899

Footnotes:

1. Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
2. "Castilleja". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 89. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.