Common Names
Common Names in English:
Ambiguous Indian Paintbrush, Johnny Nip, Johnny-Nip, Paintbrush Owlclover
Description
Family Orobanchaceae
Herbs annual
, biennial, or perennial
parasites, without chlorophyll. Stems unbranched or sometimes branched. Leaves scalelike, spirally or subimbricately arranged. Inflorescences racemose, spicate
, or subcapitate
, rarely 1-flowered; bract 1, usually similar to leaves; bractlets
2, adnate
to base
of calyx or pedicel. Flowers bisexual
, subsessile
or pedicelled. Calyx tubular
, cupular, or campanulate
, (3 or) 4-6-lobed, 2-6-parted, 6-toothed, or spathelike, sometimes absent or of 3 free
sepals. Corolla bilabiate, usually curved
, sometimes tubular-campanulate or funnelform
with 5 subequal
lobes
; upper lip entire
, emarginate
, or 2-lobed; lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous
, inserted
at base of corolla tube
; filaments
slender; anthers
2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally, sometimes 1 cell
fertile
and another sterile
or reduced to spur. Pistil 2- or 3-carpellate; ovary superior; placentas 2-4 or 6(-10), parietal
or sometimes axile
at ovary base; ovules 2-4 or numerous
, anatropous
. Style
long; stigma inflated
, discoid
, peltate, or 2-4-lobed. Capsule usually dehiscing loculicidally by 2 or 3(or 4) valves
. Seeds minute, testa pitted
or reticulate
.
About 15 genera and 150 species: North Temperate regions
, less represented in Africa, America, Asia, and Australia; nine genera and 42 species (nine endemic) in China.Zhi-Yun Zhang & Nikolai N. Tzvelev "Orobanchaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 229. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Genus Castilleja
Herbs, annuals
or perennials
, rarely shrubs
, hemiparasitic. Spikes or racemes
terminal
; bracts leaflike, often broader than leaves, variously colored
, entire
or lobed
. Calyx tubular
, base
often gibbous
abaxially, 2- or 4-lobed, median
clefts
usually deeper than lateral
. Corolla tube
included
in calyx; limb conspicuously 2-lipped; lower lip short, patent
, 3-lobed; upper lip elongated, rostrate
apex entire. Stamens 4, didynamous
; anthers
enclosed by upper lip. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds numerous
, minute; seed coat
transparent, foveolate.
About 200 species: mainly in W North America, about ten species in N Asia and E Europe; one species in China."Castilleja". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 89. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Physical Description
Flowers: Flower Color: black, dark purple, maroon
Habitat
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 772 meters (0 to 2,533 feet).Mean = 69.420 meters (227.756 feet), Standard Deviation = 214.990 based on 43 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre.
Biology
Growth
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
()
- Cronquist, Takhtajan & W. Zimmermann, 1966
- Flowering Plants
- Subphylum:
Spermatophytina
()
- (Auct.) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Infraphylum:
Angiospermae
()
- Auct.
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
()
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Lamianae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Scrophulariales
()
- Family:
Orobanchaceae
()
- Subfamily:
Rhinanthoideae
()
- Tribe:
Rhinantheae
()
- Genus:
Castilleja
()
- Mutis ex Linnaeus f., Suppl. Pl. 47. 1781.
- Indian Paintbrush
- Specific epithet:
ambigua
- Hook. & Arn.
- Botanical name: - Castilleja ambigua Hook. & Arn.
- Specific epithet:
ambigua
- Hook. & Arn.
- Genus:
Castilleja
(
- Tribe:
Rhinantheae
(
- Subfamily:
Rhinanthoideae
(
- Family:
Orobanchaceae
(
- Order:
Scrophulariales
(
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Angiospermae
(
- Subphylum:
Spermatophytina
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Publishing author
: Hook. & Arn. Publication
: Bot. Beechey Voy. 154Place of publication: Bot. Beechey Voy. 154. 1833
Name verified on 05-Jun-2007 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 06-Jun-2007
Similar Species
Members of the genus Castilleja
There are approximately 550 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
C. adenophora · C. affinis (Coast Indian Paintbrush) · C. affinis affinis (Coast Indian Paintbrush) · C. affinis insularis · C. affinis litoralis (Coast Indian Paintbrush) · C. affinis neglecta (Coast Indian Paintbrush) · C. affinis subsp. litoralis · C. affinis subsp. neglecta · C. affinis var. linariaefolia · C. affinis var. minor · C. affins · C. agginis · C. agrestis · C. albobarbata · C. alpicola · C. altorum · C. ambigua (Ambiguous Indian Paintbrush) · C. ambigua humboldtiensis (Johnny-Nip) · C. ambigua insalutata · C. ambigua subsp. humboldtiensis · C. ambigua subsp. insalutata · C. ampliflora · C. anacapensis · C. andrewsii · C. angustata · C. angustiflolia · C. angustifolia (Desert Indian Paintbrush) · C. angustifolia abbreviata · C. angustifolia bradburii · C. angustifolia hispida · C. angustifolia subsp. abbreviata · C. angustifolia subsp. bradburii · C. angustifolia subsp. hispida · C. angustifolia var. abbreviata · C. angustifolia var. adenophora · C. angustifolia var. angustifolia (Northwestern Indian Paintbrush) · C. angustifolia var. collina · C. angustifolia var. flavescens (Narrow-Leaved Indian Paintbrush) · C. angustifolia var. subcinerea · C. annua (Annual Indian-Paintbrush) · C. anthemidifolia · C. applegatei (Applegates Paintbrush) · C. applegatei applegatei · C. applegatei applegatei var. applegatei · C. applegatei disticha · C. applegatei martinii · C. applegatei pallida · C. applegatei pinetorum · C. applegatei subsp. disticha · C. applegatei subsp. martinii · C. applegatei subsp. pallida · C. applegatei subsp. pinetorum · C. aquariensis (Aquarius Indian Paintbrush) · C. arachnoidea (Cobweb Paintbrush) · C. arachnoidea schizotricha · C. arapahoensis · C. arctica · C. arctica subsp. vorkutensis · C. arctica vorkutensis · C. arcuata · C. ardifera · C. arvensis (Field Indian Paintbrush) · C. aspera · C. attenuata (Attenuate Indian Paintbrush) · C. aurantiaca · C. aurea · C. auriculata · C. auriculata var. verecunda · C. austromontana (Rincon Indian Paintbrush) · C. bella · C. bennittii · C. bicolor · C. blumeri · C. brachyantha · C. brachyantha var. subinflata · C. bracteata · C. bradburii · C. breviflora · C. brevilobata brevilobata · C. brevistyla (Short-Style Owl's-Clover) · C. brooksii · C. brunnescens · C. bryanti · C. buffumii · C. campestris (Field Owl's-Clover) · C. campestris campestris · C. campestris subsp. succulenta · C. campestris succulenta (Fleshy Owl's-Clover) · C. camporum · C. candens · C. canescens · C. carterae · C. caudata (Port Clarence Indian Paintbrush) · C. caudata var. auricoma (Port Clarence Indian Paintbrush) · C. caudata var. caudata · C. cerroana · C. cervina (Deer Indian Paintbrush) · C. chambersii · C. chiapensis · C. chiriquiensis
Bibliography
- Chuang, T. I. & L. R. Heckard. 1991. Generic realignment and synopsis of subtribe Castillejinae (Scrophulariaceae-tribe Pediculareae). Syst. Bot. 16:655–656.
- Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. (F CalifJep)
- Zhang Zhiyun. 1990. Orobanchaceae. In: Wang Wentsai, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 69: 69-124.
- Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.
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Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/]. Access date: Nov 23, 2005
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed November 1, 2006.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
- MBLWHOI Library: Universal Biological Index and Organizer. uBio.org accessed July 18, 2008.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 03, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:
- Berkeley Natural History Museums: University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
- Burke Museum: Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium (WTU)
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2670816
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-524897
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 294262
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:800854-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 453275
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 506875
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 800853-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSCR0D400
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: ORCAI2 ORC
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 166230
