Castilleja miniata (Giant Red Indian Paintbrush)

Overview

Giant red Indian paintbrush. <em>Castilleja miniata</em> Routt NF, CO

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Common Names in English:

Giant Red Indian Paintbrush, Giant Red Paintbrush, Great Red Indian Paintbrush, Great Red Indian-Paintbrush, Scarlet Indian Paintbrush, Scarlet Paintbrush

Description

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Family Orobanchaceae

Herbs annual , biennial, or perennial parasites, without chlorophyll. Stems unbranched or sometimes branched. Leaves scalelike, spirally or subimbricately arranged. Inflorescences racemose, spicate , or subcapitate , rarely 1-flowered; bract 1, usually similar to leaves; bractlets 2, adnate to base of calyx or pedicel. Flowers bisexual , subsessile or pedicelled. Calyx tubular, cupular, or campanulate , (3 or) 4-6-lobed, 2-6-parted, 6-toothed, or spathelike, sometimes absent or of 3 free sepals. Corolla bilabiate, usually curved , sometimes tubular-campanulate or funnelform with 5 subequal lobes ; upper lip entire, emarginate , or 2-lobed; lower lip 3-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous , inserted at base of corolla tube ; filaments slender; anthers 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally, sometimes 1 cell fertile and another sterile or reduced to spur. Pistil 2- or 3-carpellate; ovary superior; placentas 2-4 or 6(-10), parietal or sometimes axile at ovary base; ovules 2-4 or numerous , anatropous . Style long; stigma inflated , discoid , peltate, or 2-4-lobed. Capsule usually dehiscing loculicidally by 2 or 3(or 4) valves . Seeds minute, testa pitted or reticulate .

About 15 genera and 150 species: North Temperate regions , less represented in Africa, America, Asia, and Australia; nine genera and 42 species (nine endemic) in China.[1]

Genus Castilleja

Herbs, annuals or perennials , rarely shrubs , hemiparasitic. Spikes or racemes terminal ; bracts leaflike, often broader than leaves, variously colored , entire or lobed . Calyx tubular , base often gibbous abaxially, 2- or 4-lobed, median clefts usually deeper than lateral . Corolla tube included in calyx; limb conspicuously 2-lipped; lower lip short, patent , 3-lobed; upper lip elongated, rostrate apex entire. Stamens 4, didynamous ; anthers enclosed by upper lip. Capsule loculicidal. Seeds numerous , minute; seed coat transparent, foveolate.

About 200 species: mainly in W North America, about ten species in N Asia and E Europe; one species in China.[2]

Physical Description

Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May, June. • Flower Color: red

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 24-36" tall.

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,632 meters (0 to 11,916 feet).[3]

Biology

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Growth

Culture: Space 9-12" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b. (map)

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina () - (Auct.) Cavalier-Smith, 1998
        Infraphylum: Angiospermae () - Auct.
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Asteridae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Lamianae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Order: Lamiales () - Bromhead, 1838
        Family: Orobanchaceae () - Ventenat, 1799 - broomrape
        Genus: Castilleja () - Mutis ex Linnaeus f., 1782 - Indian Paintbrush
        Specific epithet: miniata - Dougl. ex Hook.
        Botanical name: - Castilleja miniata Dougl. ex Hook.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Castilleja

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 174 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors

Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 25, 2007:

Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
Utah Valley State College
, Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2655574
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-33069
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13746854
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:801055-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 452101
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 33069
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 801055-1
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDSCR0D210
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 166208

Footnotes

Zhi-Yun Zhang & Nikolai N. Tzvelev "Orobanchaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 229. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
"Castilleja". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 89. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Mean = 1,338.200 meters (4,390.420 feet), Standard Deviation = 660.100 based on 956 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Castilleja miniata

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Orobanchaceae

Genus Castilleja

Physical Description

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Growth

Taxonomy

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Castilleja

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes