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Castanopsis acuminatissima

Description

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Family Fagaceae

Trees or rarely shrubs , monoecious, evergreen or deciduous. Stipules usually early deciduous. Leaves alternate, sometimes false-whorled in Cyclobalanopsis. Inflorescences unisexual or androgynous with female cupules at the base of an otherwise male inflorescence. Male inflorescences a pendulous head or erect or pendulous catkin, sometimes branched; flowers in dense cymules . Male flower: sepals 4-6(-9), scalelike, connate or distinct ; petals absent; filaments filiform ; anthers dorsifixed or versatile, opening by longitudinal slits; with or without a rudimentary pistil. Female inflorescences of 1-7 or more flowers subtended individually or collectively by a cupule formed from numerous fused bracts, arranged individually or in small groups along an axis or at base of an androgynous inflorescence or on a separate axis. Female flower: perianth 1-7 or more; pistil 1; ovary inferior, 3-6(-9) -loculed; style and carpels as many as locules; placentation axile ; ovules 2 per locule. Fruit a nut. Seed usually solitary by abortion (but may be more than 1 in Castanea, Castanopsis, Fagus, and Formanodendron), without endosperm; embryo large.

Seven to 12 genera (depending on interpretation) and 900-1000 species: worldwide except for tropical and S Africa; seven genera and 294 species (163 endemic, at least three introduced ) in China.

Many species are important timber trees. Nuts of Fagus, Castanea, and of most Castanopsis species are edible, and oil is extracted from nuts of Fagus. Nuts of most species of this family contain copious amounts of water soluble tannin. Members of the Fagaceae are the main element of both broad-leaved evergreen and mixed mesophytic forests from 500-3200 m. [1]

Genus Castanopsis

Trees evergreen . Winter buds ovoid to ellipsoid , with decussate scales . Stipules extrapetiolar. Leaves alternate, distichous, or for a few species spirally arranged . Inflorescences usually unisexual , erect , spicate or paniculate . Male flowers in fascicles of 3-7, rarely solitary and scattered ; perianth 5- or 6(-8) -lobed; stamens (8 or) 9-12; rudimentary pistil very small, densely covered with curved woolly hairs . Female flowers solitary or in clusters of 3-5(-7) per cupule; staminodes when present opposite perianth lobes ; ovary 3-loculed; styles (2 or) 3(or 4) ; stigmas punctiform or shallow terminal pores . Cupules solitary on rachis, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, rarely indehiscent, completely or partially enclosing nut; bracts sparsely to densely covering outside of cupule, spinelike or rarely scalelike or tubercles (cupule measurement always includes bracts). Nuts 1-3 per cupule, maturing after 2nd year or rarely in 1st year; abortive ovule apical. Germination hypogeal; cotyledons slightly convex , rarely cerebriform rugose .

About 120 species: tropical and subtropical Asia; 58 species (30 endemic) in China.

Most species are used for timber, and the nuts of many are edible.[2]

Taxonomy

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Unambiguous Synonyms

  1. Castanea acuminatissima Blume
  2. Castanea sessilifolia Blume
  3. Castanopsis bejaudii A. Camus
  4. Castanopsis junghuhnii (Miq.) Markgr.
  5. Castanopsis nebularum Hickel & A. Camus
  6. Castanopsis schlenckerae F. M. Bailey
  7. Castanopsis sessilifolia A. Dc.
  8. Pasania acuminatissima /i> (A. Dc.) Oerst.
  9. Quercus acuminatissima /i> (Blume) A. Dc.
  10. Quercus fagiformis Jungh.
  11. Quercus junghuhnii Miq.
  12. Quercus lineata Miq.
  13. Quercus varingifolia Miq.
  14. Synaedrys acuminatissima (Blume) Koidz.
  15. Synaedrys fagiformis (Jungh.) Koidz.

Notes

Publishing author : Jungh. Publication : in Bonplandia, vi. (1858) 83 Publishing author: Oerst. Publication: Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn (1866) 84 Publishing author: A.DC. Publication: in Journ. Bot. i. (1863) 182 Publishing author: F.M.Bailey Publication: in Queensl. Agric. Journ. xxii. 149 (1909). Publishing author: Hickel & A.Camus Publication: in Bull . Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1926, xxxii. 398. Publishing author: Hayata Publication: Ic . Pl. Formos. vi. Suppl. (Gen. Ind. Fl. Formos.) 72 (1917) Basionym author: (Miq.) Publishing author: A.Camus Publication: in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, Ser. 2, xiii. 479 (1942). Publishing author: Blume Publication: Mus. Bot. i. 283 Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: Govaerts R., 11-Nov-2003

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Castanopsis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 182 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. rhamnifolia · C. acuminatissima · C. aff. cuspidata · C. amabilis · C. annamensis · C. argentea · C. argyrophylla · C. arietina · C. armata · C. birmanica · C. boisii · C. borneensis · C. brevispinula · C. buruana · C. calathiformis · C. cambodiana · C. carlesii (Mi Zhu) · C. castanicarpa · C. catappaefolia · C. catappifolia · C. caudata · C. cavaleriei · C. ceratacantha · C. cerebrina · C. chapaensis · C. chevalieri · C. chinensis · C. choboensis · C. chrysophylla · C. chrysophylla minor · C. chrysophylla 'Obovata' · C. chrysophylloides · C. chunii · C. clarkei · C. clarkei var. clarkei · C. clarkei var. pseudindica · C. clemensii · C. concinna · C. concolor · C. costata · C. crassifolia · C. cryptoneuron · C. curtisii · C. cuspidada · C. cuspidata (Japanese Chinquapin) · C. cuspidata (Thunb.) Schottky var. sieboldii (Makino) Nakai · C. cuspidata 'Variegata' · C. cuspidatus (Woundfin) · C. cuspitata · C. damingshanensis · C. delavayi · C. densinervia · C. densispinosa · C. dispersispina · C. diversifolia · C. dongchoensis · C. echinocarpa · C. echinophora · C. endertii · C. evansii · C. eyrei · C. faberi · C. fabri · C. fargesii · C. ferox · C. fissa · C. fleuryi · C. fordii · C. formosana · C. foxworthyi · C. fulva · C. gamblei · C. glabra · C. globigemmata · C. griffithii · C. guinieri · C. hainanensis · C. hairocarpa · C. harmandii · C. hupehensis · C. hypophoenicea · C. hysterix · C. hystrix · C. indica · C. inermis · C. javanica · C. jianfenglingensis · C. johorensis · C. jucunda · C. kawakamii · C. kuchugouzhui · C. kweichowensis · C. lamontii · C. lamontii var. lamontii · C. lamontii var. shanghangensis · C. lanceaefolia · C. lanceifolia · C. lecomtei · C. ledongensis · C. longipes

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

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Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 10, 2007:

Identifiers

Footnotes

  1. Chengjiu Huang, Yongtian Zhang & Bruce Bartholomew "Fagaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 314. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
  2. "Castanopsis". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 317. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Last Revised: 7/2/2009