Carica papaya

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Shrub or small palm-like tree from tropical America. The fruits are highly prized as a delicacy but various parts of the plant are also used medicinally, and the green fruits and leaves are used as a meat tenderizer.

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Caricaceae

Trees small, palmlike, or shrubs , rarely vines , often prickly, monoecious, dioecious, andromonoecious, gynomonoecious , or polygamomonoecious. Stem stout, unbranched, rarely branched, with a terminal cluster of leaves, with flowing, latexlike exudate . Leaves alternate, long petiolate , usually estipulate, large; stipules when present, spiny ; leaf blade palmate or palmatifid , rarely entire or pinnatifid . Inflorescences axillary ; male flowers aggregated in cymose panicles; female flowers usually solitary or aggregated in corymbose cymes, large. Calyx 5-lobed; lobes small, connate basally. Corolla 5-lobed; tube long in male flowers, short in female flowers. Stamens 5 or 10, 1- or 2-whorled, inserted in throat of corolla tube; filaments free , connate basally; anthers introrse , tetrasporangiate , dehiscing via longitudinal slits. Gynoecium in male flowers vestigial, or absent; in female flowers syncarpous , synovarious to synstylovarious; ovary superior, 1- or 5-loculed, placentation when 1-loculed parietal (placentas ± deeply intruded) or laminar-dispersed, when 5-loculed axile ; ovules numerous , anatropous , bitegmic; styles 1 or 5, free to partly joined, apical; stigmas 5, papillate , dry. Fruit large, fleshy , indehiscent berry. Seeds numerous, surrounded by mucilage; endosperm oily; embryo well differentiated; cotyledons 2, broad, flat. n = 9.

Six genera and 34 species: Central and South America, one genus of two species (Cylicomorpha Urban) in tropical Africa, one genus (Carica) widely introduced and cultivated in tropical areas of the world, including China.[1]

Genus Carica

Trees small, or shrubs . Leaves subpeltate; leaf blade palmatifid , rarely entire. Flowers unisexual or bisexual . Male flowers: corolla lobes oblong or linear , valvate or contorted; stamens 10, filaments short; sterile ovary subulate . Female flowers: corolla lobes linear-oblong; stamens absent; ovary estipitate, 1-loculed; ovules several to numerous , placentation parietal ; stigmas 5, inflated or linear. Fruit large, succulent. Seeds numerous, ovoid or slightly compressed , arillate ; embryo compressed; cotyledons long elliptic .

One species: of cultivated origin in Central America, unknown in the wild; widely introduced and cultivated in tropical areas of the world, including China.[2]

Physical Description

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 8-10' apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 7.9 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Papaya carica Gaertner • Papaya Papaya

Similar Species

Members of the genus Carica

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 16 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. candicans (Mito) · C. cauliflora (Mountain Pawpaw) · C. mexicana (Coahuayote) · C. monoica (Carica) · C. omnilingua (Col De Monte) · C. palandensis (Papaillo) · C. papaya (Papaya) · C. papaya var. Tropical Dwarf Papaya (Papaya) · C. papaya 'Formosa' (Papaya) · C. papaya'Tropical Dwarf Papaya' (Tropical Dwarf Papaya) · C. pentagona (Babaco) · C. pubescens (Mountain Papaya) · C. pulchra (Col De Monte) · C. quercifolia (Oak-Leaved Papaya) · C. × heilbornii (Hybrid Babaco) · C. x heilbornii (Babaco)

More Info

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 14, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program
• Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad, Banco Nacional de Germoplasma Vegetal, México
• Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Virtual Herbarium Darwin Core format
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Herbier de la Guyane, Herbier de la Guyane
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, Plants of Papua New Guinea
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3873886
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-22324
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13741729
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:674295-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 9147
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 22324
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 159747-3
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDCRC01010
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: PACA27
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 28491

Footnotes

1. Yinzheng Wang & Nicholas J. Turland "Caricaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 150. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Carica". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 150. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

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