Carduus nutans

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Genus Carduus

Annuals or biennials [perennials ], 30-200(-400) cm. spiny , ± tomentose , sometimes glabrate . Stems erect , simple to much branched, (spiny-winged) . Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; blade margins spiny dentate, often 1-2-pinnately lobed , faces glabrous or hairy , eglandular . Heads discoid , borne singly or 2-20 in dense clusters or corymbiform arrays. (Peduncles naked or leafy-bracteate, spiny-winged or not winged .) Involucres cylindric to spheric. Phyllaries many in 7-10+ series, linear to broadly ovate , bases appressed , margins entire, apices ascending to spreading or reflexed , acute, spine-tipped. Receptacles flat, epaleate, bearing setiform scales ("flattened bristles"). Florets several-many; corollas white to pink or purple, ± bilateral , tubes long, slender, throats short, campanulate , abruptly expanded from tubes, lobes linear; anther bases sharply short-tailed, apical appendages oblong ; style branches: fused portions with slightly, minutely puberulent , swollen basal nodes, distally papillate or glabrous, distinct portions very short. Cypselae ovoid , slightly compressed , faces smooth . glabrous, attachment scars slightly lateral ; pappi persistent or falling in rings . of many minutely barbed , basally connate bristles or setiform, minutely barbed scales ("minutely flattened bristles"). x = 8, 9, 10, 11, 13.

Species ca. 90: introduced ; Eurasia , Africa.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Aggressive weed of waste ground , pastures, roadsides, fields ; 0-3000 m ; introduced [2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,043 meters (0 to 13,264 feet).[3]

Ecology: Invasive: invades roadsides, pastures and open native habitats , hybridizes with Plumeless Thistle. Declared prohibited noxious weeds in Maryland. These weeds must be controlled by anyone owning or managing land within the State.

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Biennial, Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 24-36" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 11. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 17-Nov-09

Similar Species

Members of the genus Carduus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 11 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. acanthoides (Plumeless Thistle) · C. crispus (Curled Plumless-Thistle) · C. nutans (Chardon Penche) · C. nutans macrocephalus (Musk Thistle) · C. nutans macrolepis (Chardon Penche) · C. nutans var. litoralis (Nodding Thistle) · C. orthocephalus (Plumeless Thistle) · C. pycnocephalus (Compact-Headed Thistle) · C. scariosus (Meadow Thistle) · C. tenuiflorus (Italian Thistle) · C. x orthocephalus (Plumeless Thistle)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• Desrochers, A. M., J. F. Bain, and S. I. Warwick. 1988b. The biology of Canadian weeds. 89. Carduus nutans L. and Carduus acanthoides L. Canad. J. Plant Sci. 68: 10531068.
• Franco, J. do A. 1976. Carduus. In: T. G. Tutin et al., eds. 19641980. Flora Europaea. 5 vols. Cambridge. Vol. 4, pp. 220232.
• Kazmi, S. M. A. 1964. Revision der Gattung Carduus Compositae). Teil II. Mitt. Bot. Staatssaml. München 5: 279550.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• "Carduus nutans". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 91, 93. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• GCC: Global Compositae Checklist. Release date: November 18, 2009
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 29, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
• Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
• National Invasive Species Information Center, National Agricultural Library, United States Department of Agriculture. Web Site. Accessed May 3, 2008.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 24, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 18, 2007:

• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2657418
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-266
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 3027485
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:188890-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 104109
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 35787
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST1S040
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CANU4
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 11844

Footnotes

1. David J. Keil "Carduus". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 57, 66, 83, 91, 96, 97, 122. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Carduus nutans". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 91, 93. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 168.330 meters (552.264 feet), Standard Deviation = 289.360 based on 11,067 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.