Cardamine concatenata

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Genus Cardamine

Herbs annual , biennial, or rhizomatous or tuberous perennial . Trichomes absent or simple . Stems erect or prostrate , leafy or rarely leafless and plant scapose . Basal leaves petiolate , rosulate or not, simple and entire, toothed , or 1-3-pinnatisect, or palmately lobed , sometimes trifoliolate , pinnately, palmately, or bipinnately compound . Cauline leaves alternate, (rarely opposite or whorled ), simple or compound as basal leaves, petiolate or sessile and base cuneate, attenuate, auriculate , or sagittate , margin entire, dentate , or variously lobed. Racemes ebracteate or rarely bracteate throughout or only basally, corymbose or in panicles, elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels slender or thickened, erect, divaricate , or reflexed . Sepals ovate or oblong , base of lateral pair saccate or not, margin often membranous. Petals white, pink, purple, or violet, never yellow, rarely absent; blade obovate , spatulate , oblong, or oblanceolate , apex obtuse or emarginate ; claw absent or strongly differentiated from blade, longer or shorter than sepals. Stamens 6 and tetradynamous , rarely 4 and equal in length ; anthers ovate, oblong, or linear , obtuse at apex. Nectar glands confluent and subtending bases of all stamens; median glands 2 or rarely 4 or absent; lateral glands annular or semiannular. Ovules 4-50 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques, linear or rarely narrowly oblong or narrowly lanceolate, latiseptate , sessile; valves papery , not veined, glabrous (or very rarely hairy ), smooth or torulose , dehiscing elastically acropetally, spirally or circinately coiled ; replum strongly flattened; septum complete , membranous, translucent ; style distinct or rarely obsolete ; stigma capitate, entire. Seeds uniseriate , wingless, rarely margined or winged , oblong or ovate, flattened; seed coat smooth, minutely reticulate , colliculate , or rugose ; mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons accumbent or very rarely incumbent .

About 200 species: worldwide; 48 species (24 endemic, one introduced ) in China.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,092 meters (0 to 3,583 feet).[2]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual/perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 9-12" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 7.6 • Maximum pH: 9.0

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Partial to Full Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Cardamine laciniata (Muhl. Ex Willd.) Wood • Dentaria concatenata Michx. • Dentaria concatenata var. coalescens Fern. • Dentaria laciniata Muhl. Ex Willd. • Dentaria laciniata var. integra (O. E. Schulz) Fern.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 2009

Similar Species

Members of the genus Cardamine

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 95 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. amara (Large Bitter-Cress) · C. angulata (Seaside Bitter-Cress) · C. angustata (Slender Toothwort) · C. anomala (Anomalous Bittercress) · C. bellidifolia (Alpine Bitter-Cress) · C. bellidifolia var. bellidifolia (Alpine Bittercress) · C. bellidifolia var. pachyphylla (Alpine Bittercress) · C. breweri (Brewer Bittercress) · C. breweri var. breweri (Brewer's Bittercress) · C. breweri var. breweri S.Watson (Brewer's Bittercress) · C. breweri var. leibergii (Leiberg's Bittercress) · C. breweri var. orbicularis (Sierra Bittercress) · C. bulbifera (Coral-Wort) · C. bulbosa (Bulb Bittercress) · C. californica (California Toothwort) · C. californica (Nutt.) Greene var. integrifolia (Nutt.) Rollins (Milk Maids) · C. californica (Nutt.) Greene var. sinuata (Greene) O.E.Schulz (Milk Maids) · C. californica var. californica (Milkmaids) · C. californica var. cardiophylla (Vaca Mountain Toothwort) · C. californica var. cuneata (Milkmaids) · C. californica var. integrifolia (Milkmaids) · C. californica var. sinuata (Milkmaids) · C. clematitis (Mountain Bitter Cress) · C. concatenata (Cut-Leaf Toothwort) · C. constancei (Constance's Bitter Cress) · C. cordifolia (Heart-Leaved Bitter-Cress) · C. cordifolia var. cordifolia (Heartleaf Bittercress) · C. cordifolia var. cordifolia Gray (Heartleaf Bittercress) · C. cordifolia var. incana (Heartleaf Bittercress) · C. cordifolia var. incana Gray ex M.E.Jones (Heartleaf Bittercress) · C. cordifolia var. lyallii (Heartleaf Bittercress) · C. cordifolia var. lyallii (S.Watson) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr. (Heartleaf Bittercress) · C. debilis (Roadside Bittercress) · C. digitata (Richardson's Bitter-Cress) · C. diphylla (Crinkled Toothwort) · C. dissecta (Dissected Toothwort) · C. douglassii (Douglasss Bittercress) · C. enneaphyllos (Toothwort) · C. flagellifera (Bitter Cress) · C. flagellifera var. flagellifera (Blue Ridge Bittercress) · C. flagellifera var. hugeri (Blue Ridge Bittercress) · C. flexuosa (Bittercress) · C. fontana (Watercress) · C. heptaphylla (Toothwort) · C. hirsuta (Common Bittercress) · C. impatiens (Narrowleaf Bittercress) · C. impatiens impatiens (Narrowleaf Bittercress) · C. incisa (Incised Bittercress) · C. longii (Long's Bitter-Cress) · C. macrocarpa (Large-Seed Bitter-Cress) · C. macrocarpa var. macrocarpa (Largeseed Bittercress) · C. macrocarpa var. texana (Texas Bittercress) · C. macrophylla (Toothwort) · C. maxima (Large Toothwort) · C. micranthera (Small Anthered-Bittercress) · C. microphylla (Little-Leaf Bitter-Cress) · C. microphylla microphylla (Small-Leaf Bittercress) · C. microphylla subsp. blaisdellii (Small-Leaf Bittercress) · C. nuttallii (Nuttall's Toothwort) · C. nuttallii Greene var. covilleana (O.E.Schultz) Rollins (Nuttall's Toothwort) · C. nuttallii Greene var. dissecta (O.E.Schultz) Rollins (Nuttall's Toothwort) · C. nuttallii Greene var. gemmata (Greene) Rollins (Nuttall's Toothwort) · C. nuttallii var. covilleana (Nuttall's Toothwort) · C. nuttallii var. dissecta (Nuttall's Toothwort) · C. nuttallii var. gemmata (Nuttall's Toothwort) · C. nuttallii var. nuttallii (Palmate Toothwort) · C. occidentalis (Big Western Bittercress) · C. oligosperma (Few-Seed Bitter-Cress) · C. oligosperma Nutt. var. kamtschatica (Regel) Detling (Few-Seeded Bittercress) · C. oligosperma var. kamtschatica (Umbel Bittercress) · C. oligosperma var. oligosperma (Little Western Bittercress) · C. pachystigma (Serpentine Bittercress) · C. pachystigma var. dissectifolia (Serpentine Bittercress) · C. pachystigma var. pachystigma (Serpentine Bittercress) · C. parviflora (Sand Bittercress) · C. parviflora var. arenicola (Sand Bittercress) · C. parviflora var. parviflora (Sand Bittercress) · C. pattersonii (Saddle Mountain Bittercress) · C. penduliflora (Willamette Valley Bitter-Cress) · C. pensylvanica (Pennsylvania Bitter-Cress) · C. pentaphyllos (Cuckoo-Flower) · C. pentaphyllos 'Alba' (Cuckoo-Flower) · C. pratensis (American Cuckoo-Flower) · C. pratensis var. angustifolia (Cuckoo Flower) · C. pratensis var. pratensis (Cuckoo Flower) · C. purpurea (Purple Bitter-Cress) · C. purpurea var. purpurea (Purple Bittercress) · C. regeliana (Japanese Bitter-Cress) · C. rotundifolia (American Bittercress) · C. rupicola (Cliff Bittercress) · C. trifolia (Three-Leaved Bittercress) · C. waldsteinii (Cardamine) · C. x anomala (Anomalous Bittercress) · C. breweri (Canna Lily) · C. x incisa (Incised Bittercress)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• Bartonia;proceedings of the Philadelphia botanical club. .. 62 2004 Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, Academy of Natural Sciences. url p. 113, p. 155, p. 29, p. 53, p. 55, p. 69.
• Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 13.
• Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science. Lexington, KY: The Academy, 1998- url p. 126, p. 44, p. 60.
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 133.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 10, p. 388, p. 64.

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 02, 2008:

• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2648480
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Mus-835
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13742081
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:280238-1
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 22787
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 45150-2
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDBRA0K190
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: DELA5 CACO
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 25832

Footnotes

1. "Cardamine". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 86. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Mean = 260.090 meters (853.314 feet), Standard Deviation = 157.930 based on 2,104 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.