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• Conservation Status
• Taxonomy
• Physical Description
• Distribution
• Reproduction
• Similar Species
• Bibliography
• More Info
• Notes
• Keep Exploring

Overview:

Critically Endangered

Conservation Status

IUCN Red List: CR Critically Endangered

NatureServe: G1 Critically Imperiled

Threats:

• 1.5 Habitat Loss/Degradation - Invasive alien species (ongoing)
• 2 Invasive alien species (directly affecting the species) (ongoing)

For info on these threat codes, see here.

Justification

Canavalia pubescens is endemic to the state of Hawaii on the islands of Niihau, Kauai, East Maui, and Lanai. Over 10 severely fragmented subpopulations have been recorded across these islands, with a total population of less than 200 individuals. No subpopulation contains more than fifty mature individuals.

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms:

1. Canavalia galeata var. pubescens (Hook. & Arn.)A.Gray
2. Canavalia lanaiensis Degener & Degener
3. Canavalia lanaiensis var. munroi Degener & Degener
4. Canavalia sericea var. lanaiensis Rock

Notes:

Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: –

Physical Description

Family Fabaceae:

The Fabaceae are herbs, vines, shrubs, trees, and lianas found in both temperate and tropical areas. They comprise one of the largest families of flowering plants, numbering 630 genera and 18,000 species. The leaves are stipulate, nearly always alternate, and range from bipinnately or palmately compound to simple. The petiole base is commonly enlarged into a pulvinus that commonly functions in orientation of the leaves (sometimes very responsively, as in the sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica). The flowers are usually bisexual, actinomorphic to zygomorphic, slightly to strongly perigynous, and commonly in racemes, spikes, or heads. The perianth commonly consists of a calyx and corolla of 5 segments each. The androecium consists of commonly 1- many stamens (most commonly 10), distinct or variously united, sometimes some of them reduced to staminodes. The pistil is simple, often stipitate, comprising a single style and stigma, and a superior ovary with one locule containing 2-many marginal ovules. The fruit is usually a legume, sometimes a samara, loment, follicle, indehiscent pod, achene, drupe, or berry. The seeds often have a hard coat with hourglass-shaped cells, and sometimes bear a u-shaped line called a pleurogram. [Carr]

Subfamily Faboideae:

Mostly herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves pinnate or palmate to trifoliolate or apparently simple. Corolla usually, showy, zygomorphic, the petals imbricate, posterior (upper or banner) petal outermost in bud. Stamens 10 or 9 + 1 (diadelphous), not showy. Pollen released in monads. Seeds with u-shaped line (pleurogram) lacking. [Carr]

Habit: Vine, Forb/herb

Distribution

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Similar Species

Members of the genus Canavalia:

There are approximately 102 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: C. acuminata · C. africana · C. altipendula · C. aurita · C. beniensis · C. bicarinata · C. boliviana · C. bonariensis · C. brasilensis · C. brasiliensis (Brazil Jackbean) · C. campylocarpa · C. cassidea · C. cathartica (Liane Caiman) · C. centralis · C. concinna · C. dictyota · C. dictyota var. dictyota · C. dictyota var. ferruginea · C. diuturna · C. dolichothyrsa · C. dura · C. ekmani · C. ensiformis (Jack Bean) · C. ensiformis var. coriacea · C. ensiformis var. gladiata · C. ensiformis var. normalis · C. eocenia · C. eocenica · C. eurycarpa · C. favieri · C. finlaysoniana · C. forbesii · C. galeata ('awikiwiki) · C. gaudichaudiana · C. glabra · C. gladiata (Sword Bean) · C. gladiata 'Akanata Mame' (Sword Bean) · C. gladiata 'Shironata Mame' (Sword Bean) · C. gladiata f. alba · C. gladiata var. gladiata · C. grandiflora · C. haleakalaensis · C. hawaiiensis (Hawaiian Jackbean) · C. hirsutissima · C. iaoensis · C. kauaiensis (Kauai Jackbean) · C. kauensis · C. kauiensis · C. lineata · C. macrobotrys · C. macropleura · C. madagascariensis · C. makahaensis · C. mandibulata · C. martima · C. mattogrossensis · C. matudae · C. mauiensis · C. megalantha · C. megalantha var. falanruwiae · C. microsperma · C. miocenica · C. mollis · C. molokaiensis (Molokai Jack-Bean) · C. munroi · C. napaliensis (A Jack-Bean) · C. nitida (Bahama Baybean) · C. nualoloensis · C. obidensis · C. cathartica · C. obtusifolia var. versicolor · C. oxiphylla · C. oxyphylla · C. palmeri · C. papuana · C. parviflora · C. peninsularis · C. picta · C. picta var. elliptica · C. picta var. picta · C. piperi · C. plagiosperma (Oblique Seed Jackbean) · C. pubescens (Jack Bean) · C. raiateensis · C. ramosii · C. regalis · C. rockii · C. rosea (Bay Bean) · C. rutilans · C. sanguinea · C. saueri · C. septentrionalis · C. sericea (Dralawa) · C. sericophylla · C. spspensiformis · C. spspsp · C. stenophylla · C. taiwaniana · C. veillonii · C. villosa

Bibliography

• NatureServe. 2003. NatureServe Explorer: An online encyclopedia of life [web application]. Version 1.8. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia. (Accessed: October 20, 2003).
• U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2003. Rare plant database. Unpublished.
• Wagner, W., Herbst, D. and Sohmer S. 1999. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii. Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum Special Publication 91: 1-1918.

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Notes

Contributors:

• African Regional Workshop (Conservation and Sustainable Management of Trees, Zimbabwe) 1998. Pericopsis elata. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• BioSystematic Database of World Diptera, 7.0, 2005.
• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/]. Access date: Nov 23, 2005
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 20, 2007.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2007. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed September 17, 2007.
• Carr, Gerald
• Fautin, Daphne G. (from Hexacorallians of the World).
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 27, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
• Hexacorallians of the World 2001.
• Heyn CC & Heller D 1991/1993 (from ILDIS).
• Home of the Xylariaceae 2006.
• ILDIS World Database of Legumes, 10, Nov 2005
• ILDIS World Database of LegumesNov 10, 2005.
• Lewis GP, 1994/1995 (from ILDIS).
• Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
• Newell CA, 1997 (from ILDIS).
• Nghia, N.H. 1998. Dalbergia entadoides. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• Nielsen IC & Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS).
• Nielsen IC and Rico ML, 1994 (from ILDIS World Database of Legumes).
• Ocean Biogeographic Information System. Accessed March 01, 2006. www.iobis.org
• Parhost World Database of FleasNov 2, 2005.
• Pasquet RS, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
• Pippen, Jeffrey S. Jeff's Nature Page. Accessed December 8, 2007.
• Podlech D, 1996 (from ILDIS).
• Rhytismatales database 2006.
• Schrire BD, 1994-10 (from ILDIS).
• Sokoloff DD, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).
• Species Fungorum 2006.
• Stirton CH, 2001-06 (from ILDIS).
• The Global Lepidoptera Names Index2, 12.2, 2005.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• The Virtual Field Herbarium.
• Thomson, Christian (from Diptera).
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
• Vaz AMSF, 2001-05 (from ILDIS).
• World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. Adenanthera intermedia. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 20 October 2006.
• van der Maesen LJG, 1993 (from ILDIS).
• van der Maesen, LJG, 2001-03 (from ILDIS).

Data Sources:

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 28, 2008:

• Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, Bishop Museum Natural History Specimen Data
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers:

• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 501187
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13638221
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:483716-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDFAB0Q0N0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CAMU12
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 27694