Campanula isophylla

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Campanulaceae

The Campanulaceae are herbs, shrubs , or rarely small trees comprising about 70 genera and 2,000 species usually with milky sap . The leaves are nearly always alternate and simple ; stipules are absent The flowers are bisexual , and actinomorphic in the subfamily Campanuloideae but zygomorphic in the Lobelioideae. The perianth and androecium are usually 5-merous, sometimes 3-10-merous. The calyx and corolla each consist of connate segments. The stamens equal the number of corolla lobes , alternate with them, and are adnate to the extreme base of the corolla or epigynous zone or more commonly arise from the annular epigynous nectary disk; the filaments are distinct and the anthers are introrse and only weakly connivent around the style in the Campanuloideae but in the lobelioideae the introrse anthers and also often the filaments are firmly connate. The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of usually 2 carpels and locules with numerous axile ovules in the subfamily Lobelioideae but usually consists of 3-5 carpels and locules with numerous axile ovules in the subfamily Campanuloideae. The single style commonly has a number of lobes or stigmas equal to the number of carpels. The ovary is nearly always inferior and is generally crowned with an epigynous annular nectary disk. The fruit is usually a capsule or berry. -- Gerald Carr.

Genus Campanula

Plants perennial or annual , erect trailing or decumbent , glabrous , pubescent , or hirsute . Leaves simple , alternate or forming rosettes at the base . Inflorescence 1-many flowered, with racemes or spikes. Flowers blue to purple or white. Sepals 5, with or without reflexed appendages between lobes ; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, segments 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate , funnel-shaped or tubular . Stamens 5, free , filaments dilated at the base. Ovary 3-locular; style cylindrical; stigmas 3. Fruit a capsule, elongated to ovoid , obovoid or round , with membran¬ous walls; dehiscence by irregular pores at the bases or the sides. Seeds minute, numerous .

A genus of over 300 species, mostly in the temperate regions . Represented in Pakistan by c.15 species.[1]

Physical Description

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 6-9" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 13-Jun-2008

Similar Species

Members of the genus Campanula

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 219 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. alliariifolia (Ivory Bells) · C. alpestris (Alpine Bellflower) · C. angustiflora (Eastwood's Bellflower) · C. aparinoides (Bedstraw Bellflower) · C. arvatica (Campanula) · C. aucheri (Bellflower) · C. aurita (Yukon Bellflower) · C. barbata (Bearded Bellflower) · C. betulifolia (Birch-Leaved Bellflower) · C. bononiensis (European Bellflower) · C. californica (Swamp Bellflower) · C. carnica (Bellflower) · C. carpatica (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'Blue Clips' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica f. alba 'Weisse Clips' (White Clips Carpathian Harebell) · C. carpatica 'White Clips' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'Alba' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'China Cup' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'China Doll' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'Deep Blue Clips' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'Pearl Deep Blue' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'Pearl White' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'Peter Nix' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'Thor Pedo' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'Ultra' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'White Star' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. cashmeriana (Kashmir Bellflower) · C. cashmeriana 'Blue Cloud' (Kashmir Bellflower) · C. cenisia (Mt. Cenis Bellflower) · C. chamissonis (Dasyantha) · C. chamissonis 'Oyobenii' (Dasyantha) · C. cochlearifolia (Earleaf Bellflower) · C. cochlearifolia 'Bavarian Blue' (Earleaf Bellflower) · C. cochlearifolia 'Bavarian White' (Earleaf Bellflower) · C. cochlearifolia 'Elizabeth Oliver' (Earleaf Bellflower) · C. cochleariifolia 'Bavaria Blue' (Bavaria Blue Dwarf Bellflower) · C. collina (Blue Dwarf Bellflower) · C. divaricata (Panicled Bellflower) · C. elatines var. fenestrellata (Bellflower) · C. elatinoides (Bellflower) · C. excisa (Bellflower) · C. exigua (Chaparral Bellflower) · C. floridana (Florida Bellflower) · C. formanekiana (Bellflower) · C. formanekiana 'Pkmfor168' (Macedonian Harebell 'pkmfor168') · C. garganica (Adriatic Bellflower) · C. garganica 'Backhouse' (Adriatic Bellflower 'backhouse') · C. garganica 'Dickson's Gold' (Dickson's Gold Adriatic Bellflower) · C. garganica 'Hirsuta' (Adriatic Bellflower) · C. gieseckiana groenlandica (Gieseck's Bellflower) · C. gieseckiana subsp. groenlandica (Greenland Bellflower) · C. glomerata (Clustered Bellflower) · C. glomerata 'Crown of Snow' (Clustered Bellflower) · C. glomerata 'Acaulis' (Clustered Bellflower) · C. glomerata 'Alba' (Clustered Bellflower) · C. glomerata 'Caroline' (Clustered Bellflower) · C. glomerata 'Joan Elliott' (Clustered Bellflower) · C. glomerata'Joan Elliot' (Clustered Bellflower) · C. glomerata 'Purple Pixie' (Clustered Bellflower) · C. glomerata 'Superba' (Clustered Bellflower) · C. griffinii (Griffin's Bellflower) · C. groenlandica (Greenland Bellflower) · C. grossekii (Bellflower) · C. hawkinsiana (Bellflower) · C. incurva (Bellflower) · C. isophylla (Falling Stars) · C. isophylla Starina Bicolor Star = 'Camp Bulewhit' (Italian Bellflower [starina Bicolor Star]) · C. isophylla 'Mayi' (Falling Stars) · C. kemulariae (Bellflower) · C. kolenatiana (Bellflower) · C. lactiflora 'Dwarf Pink' (Milky Bellflower) · C. lactiflora 'Loddon Anna' (Milky Bellflower) · C. lactiflora 'Pritchards Variety' (Milky Bellflower) · C. lanata (Woolly Bellflower) · C. lasiocarpa (Common Alaska Harebell) · C. latifolia (Giant Bellflower) · C. latifolia var. macrantha (Wide-Leaved Bellflower) · C. latifolia 'Brantwood' (Wide-Leaved Bellflower) · C. latifolia 'Eriocarpa' (Wide-Leaved Bellflower) · C. latifolia 'Gloaming' (Wide-Leaved Bellflower) · C. latiloba 'Faichem Lilac' (Bellflower) · C. latiloba 'Splash' (Bellflower) · C. ledebouriana (Bellflower) · C. linarioides (Tuffybells) · C. longistyla 'Isabella' (Compact Lavender Bellflower) · C. lusitanica (Bellflower) · C. makaschvilii (Bellflower) · C. medium (Canterbury Bellflower) · C. medium 'Alba' (Canterbury Bells) · C. medium 'Caerulea' (Blue Cup And Saucer) · C. medium 'Calycanthema Double Mix' (Canterbury Bells) · C. medium 'Calycanthema Mix' (Canterbury Bells Cup And Saucer) · C. medium 'Champion Blue' (Canterbury Bells) · C. medium 'Chelsea Pink' (Canterbury Bells) · C. medium 'Cup and Saucer' (Canterbury Bells) · C. medium 'Pkmm01' (Bellflower 'pkmm01') · C. medium 'Rosea' (Canterbury Bells) · C. mirabilis (Campanula) · C. morettiana (Campanula) · C. ochroleuca (Bellflower)

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Further Reading

• 1997 IUCN red list of threatened plants Cambridge: IUCN, World Conservation Union, 1998 url p. 109.
• A dictionary of English names of plants applied in England and among English-speaking people to cultivated and wild plants, trees, and shrubs, by William Miller; in two parts, English-Latin and Latin-English. London, J. Murray, 1884. url p. 11.
• A practical guide to garden plants, containing descriptions of the hardiest and most beautiful annuals and biennials, hardy herbaceous and bulbous perennials, hardy water and bog plants, flowering and ornamental trees and shrubs, conife London;Longmans, Green, 1901. url , , p. 565.
• Alpine flowers for English gardens / by W. Robinson. London: Murray, 1879. url p. 199.
• Alpine flowers for gardens: rock, wall, marsh plants, and mountain shrubs / by W. Robinson. London: John Murray, 1903. url p. 185.
• Alpine flowers for gardens; rock, wall, marsh plants, and mountain shrubs, by W. Robinson. London, J. Murray, 1910. url p. 185.
• An illustrated encyclopaedia of gardening, by Walter P. Wright London, J. M. Dent & sons, ltd.; url p. 320.
• Beautiful flowers and how to grow them, by Horace J. Wright & Walter P. Wright. Illustrated with 32 plates in full colours from paintings by Beatrice Parsons, Eleanor Fortesque Brickdale, Hugh L. Norris, Margaret Waterfield, A. Fairfax Muck 1922 Edinburgh, T.C. & E.C. Jack, ltd., 1922. url figure , p. 199, p. 200.
• Cassell's dictionary of practical gardening; an illustrated encyclopædia of practical horticulture for all classes; ed. by Walter P. Wright. London, Cassell and company, limited, 1902. url p. 164, p. 388, p. 422, p. 433, p. 446.
• Contributions to the flora of Mentone, and to a winter flora of the Riviera, including the coast from Marseilles to Genoa, by J. Traherne Moggridge. .. London: L. Reeve, 1871. url p. 351.
• Don, G. A general history of the dichlamydeous plants: comprising complete descriptions of the different orders...the whole arranged according to the natural system /by George Don. 3 1834 London: J.G. and F. Rivington, 1831-1838. url p. 762.
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url p. 98.
• Florists' review Chicago: Florists' Pub. Co. url , , , , .
• Garden and forest; a journal of horticulture, landscape art and forestry. New York: The Garden and forest publishing co., 1888-97. url p. 214.
• Gardeners' chronicle of America. New York: Chronicle Press, 1905-1950. url p. 383.
• Gardening for all. A handbook on growing vegetables and fruit, and the prevention & destruction of insect pests of the garden, . .. Stourbridge, Mark & Moody, 1897. url .
• Gardening for amateurs; a simple, complete, and practical guide for garden lovers, edited by H. H. Thomas. Illustrated by twenty-four coloured plates and many hundreds of photographs and sketches. New York: Funk and Wagnalls company, [1915] url p. 330, p. 488, p. 727.
• Gardening for beginners; a handbook to the garden, by E.T. Cook. [London]"Country Life" [etc., 1914] url , .
• Gardening. Chicago, the Gardening Co., 1892-1925. url p. 332.
• Gardens for small country houses / London: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1913. url , .
• Gardens for small country houses, London, C. Scribner's Sons, 1920. url , .
• Gardens for small country houses, by Gertrude Jekyll & Lawrence Weaver. London, C. Scribner's sons1914. url p. 53.
• Hand-list of herbaceous plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens. London, Printed for H. M. Stationery Off. by Darling, 1902. url p. 231.
• Hardy flowers. Descriptions of upwards of thirteen hundred of the most ornamental species, with directions for their arrangement, culture, etc.. .. By W. Robinson. London, Macmillan, 1878. url p. 84.
• Horticulture. Boston, Mass.: Horticulture Pub. Co., c1904- url p. 168, p. 474.
• Irish gardening. Dublin: Pub. Office, 1906-1922 url p. 38, p. 7.
• Johnson's Gardeners' dictionary and cultural instructor. London, A. T. De La Mare printing and publishing co., ltd.[1916] url p. 159.
• Journal of the New York Botanical Garden. 13 1912 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., 1900- url p. 20.
• Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society. London: The Society, 1866-1975. url p. 33.
• List of rare, threatened and endemic plants in Europe (1982 edition) Council of Europe url p. 228, p. 75.
• Nicholson, G. The illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopædia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists /edited by George Nicholson; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. .. 1 1884-1888 London: L.U. Gill, [1884]-88. url p. 254, p. 422.
• Preliminary draft list of plant species for inclusion in a 'Responsibility List' of European plants WCMC url p. 51.
• Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76: under the command of Captain George S. Nares, R.N., F.R.S. and Captain Frank Turle Thomson, R.N. / prepared under the superintendence of Sir C. Wyville Thomson. Edinburgh: Neill, 1880-1895. url p. 39.
• Rock gardens: how to make and maintain them, London, Williams & Norgate, 1910. url p. 251.
• Rock gardens; how to make and maintain them, by Lewis B. Meredith, with an introduction by F. W. Moore. .. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1914. url p. 251.
• Science-gossip. Berlin: R. Friedländer & Sohn, [1894]-1902. url p. 289.
• Standardized plant names; a catalogue of approved scientific and common names of plants in American commerce. Salem, Mass., 1923. url p. 39.
• Studies in gardening, New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1916. url .
• Studies in gardening, by A. Clutton Brock; with preface and notes by Mrs. Francis King. .. New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1916. url p. 45, p. 45.
• The American florist: a weekly journal for the trade. Chicago: American Florist Company, [1885-1931] url , p. 199, p. 273, p. 306, p. 350, p. 546, p. 58, p. 59, p. 68, p. 795.
• The English flower garden and home grounds: design and arrangement shown by existing examples of gardens in Great Britain and Ireland, followed by a description of the plants, shrubs, and trees for the open-air garden and their culture / by W. Robinson. London: J. Murray, 1911. url p. 475.
• The English rock-garden, by Reginald Farrer. London, Jack, 1919. url p. 174, p. 176, p. 178, p. 179, p. 186.
• The Entomologist. London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co., [1877- url p. 90.
• The Floral world and garden guide. London, Groombridge and Sons, 1858-1880. url .
• The Florists' exchange: a weekly medium of interchange for florists, nurserymen, seedsmen and the trade in general. New York, N.Y.: [A.T. De la Mare Ptg. and Pub. Co., url p. 232, p. 415, p. 949.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url , , , , p. 102, p. 103, p. 111, p. 115, p. 119, p. 122, p. 123, p. 129, p. 135, p. 141, p. 151, p. 158, p. 158, p. 164, p. 166, p. 166, p. 180, p. 183, p. 189, p. 190, p. 190, p. 209, p. 214, p. 215, p. 227, p. 248, p. 257, p. 259, p. 272, p. 272, p. 278, p. 286, p. 291, p. 296, p. 304, p. 309, p. 312, p. 32, p. 333, p. 339, p. 340, p. 341, p. 349, p. 349, p. 35, p. 351, p. 351, p. 361, p. 364, p. 38, p. 396, p. 418, p. 426, p. 46, p. 47, p. 48, p. 482, p. 483, p. 497, p. 50, p. 509, p. 544, p. 55, p. 640, p. 66, p. 86, p. 87, p. 89, p. 90, p. 91, p. 97, p. 99.
• The Gardeners' chronicle and agricultural gazette. 2 1869 London: published for the proprietors, 1844-1873. url p. 136.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url , , , p. 100, p. 102, p. 103, p. 104, p. 106, p. 107, p. 111, p. 116, p. 117, p. 126, p. 136, p. 139, p. 139, p. 148, p. 150, p. 151, p. 158, p. 163, p. 165, p. 167, p. 171, p. 172, p. 180, p. 197, p. 205, p. 208, p. 211, p. 212, p. 214, p. 218, p. 22, p. 224, p. 230, p. 232, p. 238, p. 249, p. 25, p. 289, p. 296, p. 299, p. 309, p. 316, p. 322, p. 348, p. 349, p. 352, p. 386, p. 388, p. 391, p. 393, p. 404, p. 409, p. 410, p. 414, p. 421, p. 424, p. 430, p. 455, p. 462, p. 52, p. 58, p. 63, p. 67, p. 68, p. 75, p. 75, p. 88, p. 91, p. 96, p. 96, p. 99, p. iii.
• The Illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists / edited by George Nicholson. ..; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. ... London: L. Upcott Gill; 1887-1889. url p. 254, p. 367, p. 422.
• The Journal of horticulture, cottage gardener and country gentlemen. London: George W. Johnson and Robert Hogg, 1861-1877. url p. 157, p. 302.
• The best of house plants / Susanne Mitchell. London: Hamlyn, 1975. url p. 34, p. 72.
• The book of old-fashioned flowers and other plants which thrive in the open-air of England, London andJohn Lane, 1901. url , .
• The botanic gardens list of rare and threatened species IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 7.
• The century supplement to the dictionary of gardening, a practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists / by Geo. Nicholson. .. [et al.]. Hyde Park, Mass.: Geo. T. King; 1901. url p. 189, p. 644.
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• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 642, p. 643.
• The unheated greenhouse, by K. L. Davidson. [London]"Country life, " ltd. [etc.]1907. url p. 104.
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• The world of life: a manifestation of creative power, directive mind and ultimate purpose / by Alfred Russel Wallace. London: Chapman and Hall, 1914. url p. 18, p. 402.
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5884117
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-364918
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15318214
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:140487-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 140487-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 645357

Footnotes

1. E. Nasir "Campanula". in Flora of Pakistan . Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.