Campanula cenisia

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Campanulaceae

The Campanulaceae are herbs, shrubs , or rarely small trees comprising about 70 genera and 2,000 species usually with milky sap . The leaves are nearly always alternate and simple ; stipules are absent The flowers are bisexual , and actinomorphic in the subfamily Campanuloideae but zygomorphic in the Lobelioideae. The perianth and androecium are usually 5-merous, sometimes 3-10-merous. The calyx and corolla each consist of connate segments. The stamens equal the number of corolla lobes , alternate with them, and are adnate to the extreme base of the corolla or epigynous zone or more commonly arise from the annular epigynous nectary disk; the filaments are distinct and the anthers are introrse and only weakly connivent around the style in the Campanuloideae but in the lobelioideae the introrse anthers and also often the filaments are firmly connate. The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of usually 2 carpels and locules with numerous axile ovules in the subfamily Lobelioideae but usually consists of 3-5 carpels and locules with numerous axile ovules in the subfamily Campanuloideae. The single style commonly has a number of lobes or stigmas equal to the number of carpels. The ovary is nearly always inferior and is generally crowned with an epigynous annular nectary disk. The fruit is usually a capsule or berry. -- Gerald Carr.

Genus Campanula

Plants perennial or annual , erect trailing or decumbent , glabrous , pubescent , or hirsute . Leaves simple , alternate or forming rosettes at the base . Inflorescence 1-many flowered, with racemes or spikes. Flowers blue to purple or white. Sepals 5, with or without reflexed appendages between lobes ; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, segments 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate , funnel-shaped or tubular . Stamens 5, free , filaments dilated at the base. Ovary 3-locular; style cylindrical; stigmas 3. Fruit a capsule, elongated to ovoid , obovoid or round , with membran¬ous walls; dehiscence by irregular pores at the bases or the sides. Seeds minute, numerous .

A genus of over 300 species, mostly in the temperate regions . Represented in Pakistan by c.15 species.[1]

Physical Description

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 5.1 • Maximum pH: 6.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 13-Jun-2008

Similar Species

Members of the genus Campanula

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 219 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. alliariifolia (Ivory Bells) · C. alpestris (Alpine Bellflower) · C. angustiflora (Eastwood's Bellflower) · C. aparinoides (Bedstraw Bellflower) · C. arvatica (Campanula) · C. aucheri (Bellflower) · C. aurita (Yukon Bellflower) · C. barbata (Bearded Bellflower) · C. betulifolia (Birch-Leaved Bellflower) · C. bononiensis (European Bellflower) · C. californica (Swamp Bellflower) · C. carnica (Bellflower) · C. carpatica (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'Blue Clips' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica f. alba 'Weisse Clips' (White Clips Carpathian Harebell) · C. carpatica 'White Clips' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'Alba' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'China Cup' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'China Doll' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'Deep Blue Clips' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'Pearl Deep Blue' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'Pearl White' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'Peter Nix' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'Thor Pedo' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'Ultra' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. carpatica 'White Star' (Carpathian Bellflower) · C. cashmeriana (Kashmir Bellflower) · C. cashmeriana 'Blue Cloud' (Kashmir Bellflower) · C. cenisia (Mt. Cenis Bellflower) · C. chamissonis (Dasyantha) · C. chamissonis 'Oyobenii' (Dasyantha) · C. cochlearifolia (Earleaf Bellflower) · C. cochlearifolia 'Bavarian Blue' (Earleaf Bellflower) · C. cochlearifolia 'Bavarian White' (Earleaf Bellflower) · C. cochlearifolia 'Elizabeth Oliver' (Earleaf Bellflower) · C. cochleariifolia 'Bavaria Blue' (Bavaria Blue Dwarf Bellflower) · C. collina (Blue Dwarf Bellflower) · C. divaricata (Panicled Bellflower) · C. elatines var. fenestrellata (Bellflower) · C. elatinoides (Bellflower) · C. excisa (Bellflower) · C. exigua (Chaparral Bellflower) · C. floridana (Florida Bellflower) · C. formanekiana (Bellflower) · C. formanekiana 'Pkmfor168' (Macedonian Harebell 'pkmfor168') · C. garganica (Adriatic Bellflower) · C. garganica 'Backhouse' (Adriatic Bellflower 'backhouse') · C. garganica 'Dickson's Gold' (Dickson's Gold Adriatic Bellflower) · C. garganica 'Hirsuta' (Adriatic Bellflower) · C. gieseckiana groenlandica (Gieseck's Bellflower) · C. gieseckiana subsp. groenlandica (Greenland Bellflower) · C. glomerata (Clustered Bellflower) · C. glomerata 'Crown of Snow' (Clustered Bellflower) · C. glomerata 'Acaulis' (Clustered Bellflower) · C. glomerata 'Alba' (Clustered Bellflower) · C. glomerata 'Caroline' (Clustered Bellflower) · C. glomerata 'Joan Elliott' (Clustered Bellflower) · C. glomerata'Joan Elliot' (Clustered Bellflower) · C. glomerata 'Purple Pixie' (Clustered Bellflower) · C. glomerata 'Superba' (Clustered Bellflower) · C. griffinii (Griffin's Bellflower) · C. groenlandica (Greenland Bellflower) · C. grossekii (Bellflower) · C. hawkinsiana (Bellflower) · C. incurva (Bellflower) · C. isophylla (Falling Stars) · C. isophylla Starina Bicolor Star = 'Camp Bulewhit' (Italian Bellflower [starina Bicolor Star]) · C. isophylla 'Mayi' (Falling Stars) · C. kemulariae (Bellflower) · C. kolenatiana (Bellflower) · C. lactiflora 'Dwarf Pink' (Milky Bellflower) · C. lactiflora 'Loddon Anna' (Milky Bellflower) · C. lactiflora 'Pritchards Variety' (Milky Bellflower) · C. lanata (Woolly Bellflower) · C. lasiocarpa (Common Alaska Harebell) · C. latifolia (Giant Bellflower) · C. latifolia var. macrantha (Wide-Leaved Bellflower) · C. latifolia 'Brantwood' (Wide-Leaved Bellflower) · C. latifolia 'Eriocarpa' (Wide-Leaved Bellflower) · C. latifolia 'Gloaming' (Wide-Leaved Bellflower) · C. latiloba 'Faichem Lilac' (Bellflower) · C. latiloba 'Splash' (Bellflower) · C. ledebouriana (Bellflower) · C. linarioides (Tuffybells) · C. longistyla 'Isabella' (Compact Lavender Bellflower) · C. lusitanica (Bellflower) · C. makaschvilii (Bellflower) · C. medium (Canterbury Bellflower) · C. medium 'Alba' (Canterbury Bells) · C. medium 'Caerulea' (Blue Cup And Saucer) · C. medium 'Calycanthema Double Mix' (Canterbury Bells) · C. medium 'Calycanthema Mix' (Canterbury Bells Cup And Saucer) · C. medium 'Champion Blue' (Canterbury Bells) · C. medium 'Chelsea Pink' (Canterbury Bells) · C. medium 'Cup and Saucer' (Canterbury Bells) · C. medium 'Pkmm01' (Bellflower 'pkmm01') · C. medium 'Rosea' (Canterbury Bells) · C. mirabilis (Campanula) · C. morettiana (Campanula) · C. ochroleuca (Bellflower)

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Further Reading

• Alpine flowers for English gardens / by W. Robinson. London: Murray, 1879. url p. 140, p. 198, p. 201, p. 347.
• Alpine flowers for gardens: rock, wall, marsh plants, and mountain shrubs / by W. Robinson. London: John Murray, 1903. url p. 135, p. 304.
• Alpine flowers for gardens; rock, wall, marsh plants, and mountain shrubs, by W. Robinson. London, J. Murray, 1910. url p. 135, p. 304.
• Alpine plants, a practical manual for their culture, with a supplementary essay on The small rock-garden. London, C. Scribner's Sons, 1906, 1907. url , .
• Alpine plants: a practical method for growing the rarer and more difficult alpine flowers / by W.A. Clark; with illustrations from photographs by Clarence Elliott. London: C. Scribner, 1901. url p. 26.
• Alpines and bog-plants / by Reginald Farrer. London, Arnold, 1908. url p. 237.
• Alpines and bog-plants, London, E. Arnold, 1908. url , .
• Coloured vade-mecum to the alpine flora... S.l.: s.n., 1914? url , .
• Dr. John Fothergill and his friends; chapters in eighteenth century life; by R. Hingston Fox. London: Macmillan, 1919. url p. 205.
• Flora of the U.S.S.R. [Springfield, Va.: Israel Program for Scientific Translations; 1968- url p. 98.
• Hardy flowers. Descriptions of upwards of thirteen hundred of the most ornamental species, with directions for their arrangement, culture, etc.. .. By W. Robinson. London, Macmillan, 1878. url p. 82.
• Irish gardening. Dublin: Pub. Office, 1906-1922 url p. 39.
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. url p. 29.
• Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society. Oxford [etc.]Royal Microscopical Society. url p. 293, p. 784.
• My garden in spring, by E. A. Bowles. New York: Dodge Pub. Co., [1914] url p. 108.
• Natural science. London: Macmillan & Co., [1892-1899] url p. 113.
• Nature. London, Macmillan. url p. 258.
• Nicholson, G. The illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopædia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists /edited by George Nicholson; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. .. 1 1884-1888 London: L.U. Gill, [1884]-88. url p. 254, p. 431.
• Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. 2 1902 Edinburgh: H. M. Stationery Off. url p. 271.
• Plant life in Alpine Switzerland; being an account in simple language of the natural history of Alpine plants, London, J. Murray, 1910. url , .
• Plant sociology; the study of plant communities; authorized English translation of Pflanzensoziologie, by Dr. J. Braun-Blanquet. Translated, revised and edited by George D. Fuller and Henry S. Conard. New York and London, McGraw-Hill book company, inc., 1932. url p. 242.
• The English flower garden and home grounds: design and arrangement shown by existing examples of gardens in Great Britain and Ireland, followed by a description of the plants, shrubs, and trees for the open-air garden and their culture / by W. Robinson. London: J. Murray, 1911. url p. 474.
• The English rock-garden, by Reginald Farrer. London, Jack, 1919. url p. 168, p. 169, p. 216.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url , , p. 10, p. 113, p. 120, p. 160, p. 164, p. 173, p. 177, p. 18, p. 185, p. 196, p. 197, p. 2, p. 2, p. 220, p. 234, p. 239, p. 24, p. 25, p. 25, p. 259, p. 271, p. 271, p. 285, p. 32, p. 350, p. 381, p. 40, p. 406, p. 423, p. 425, p. 436, p. 468, p. 47, p. 483, p. 483, p. 512, p. 52, p. 53, p. 540, p. 546, p. 555, p. 601, p. 601, p. 644, p. 662, p. 68, p. 71, p. 92.
• The Gardeners' chronicle and agricultural gazette. 1864 London: published for the proprietors, 1844-1873. url p. 317, p. 764.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url , , p. 117, p. 13, p. 171, p. 208, p. 212, p. 217, p. 220, p. 222, p. 234, p. 238, p. 241, p. 26, p. 263, p. 288, p. 339, p. 393, p. 407, p. 43, p. 44, p. 462, p. 53, p. 719, p. 8.
• The Illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists / edited by George Nicholson. ..; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. ... London: L. Upcott Gill; 1887-1889. url p. 374.
• The alpine flora / by Henry Correvon and Phillippe Robert; translated into English and enlarged, under the author's sanction, by E. W. Clayforth. London: Methuen, [1911] url p. 239.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a by L. H. Bailey; illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. . New York, The Macmillan Co.; [etc., etc.]1916-1917 [v.5 1916] url p. 650.
• The story of my rock garden, by Reginald A. Malby. .. with introduction by W. Irving. .. illustrated with photographic reproductions and colour plates by the author. London, Headly bros., publishers, ltd.[1919] url p. 44.
• Transactions of the Botanical Society. Edinburgh: Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 1841-1891. url p. 85.
• Wall and water gardens / by Gertrude Jekyll. [London]: "Country life", [190-?] url p. 105.
• Wall and water gardens. By Gertrude Jekyll. [London]"Country life"[1902] url p. 105.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 30, 2007:

• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
• inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn, inatura - Erlebnis Naturschau Dornbirn

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 5828309
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-364224
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15317736
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:140080-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 140080-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 724173

Footnotes

1. E. Nasir "Campanula". in Flora of Pakistan . Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.