Campanula carpatica (Carpathian Bellflower)

Overview

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Tussock bellflower. <em>Campanula carpatica</em> 'White Clips'

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Common Names in English:

Carpathian Bellflower, Carpathian Harebell, Tussock Bellflower

Description

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Family Campanulaceae

The Campanulaceae are herbs, shrubs , or rarely small trees comprising about 70 genera and 2,000 species usually with milky sap . The leaves are nearly always alternate and simple ; stipules are absent The flowers are bisexual , and actinomorphic in the subfamily Campanuloideae but zygomorphic in the Lobelioideae. The perianth and androecium are usually 5-merous, sometimes 3-10-merous. The calyx and corolla each consist of connate segments. The stamens equal the number of corolla lobes , alternate with them, and are adnate to the extreme base of the corolla or epigynous zone or more commonly arise from the annular epigynous nectary disk; the filaments are distinct and the anthers are introrse and only weakly connivent around the style in the Campanuloideae but in the lobelioideae the introrse anthers and also often the filaments are firmly connate. The gynoecium consists of a single compound pistil of usually 2 carpels and locules with numerous axile ovules in the subfamily Lobelioideae but usually consists of 3-5 carpels and locules with numerous axile ovules in the subfamily Campanuloideae. The single style commonly has a number of lobes or stigmas equal to the number of carpels. The ovary is nearly always inferior and is generally crowned with an epigynous annular nectary disk. The fruit is usually a capsule or berry. -- Gerald Carr.

Genus Campanula

Plants perennial or annual , erect trailing or decumbent , glabrous , pubescent , or hirsute . Leaves simple , alternate or forming rosettes at the base . Inflorescence 1-many flowered, with racemes or spikes. Flowers blue to purple or white. Sepals 5, with or without reflexed appendages between lobes ; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, segments 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate , funnel-shaped or tubular . Stamens 5, free , filaments dilated at the base. Ovary 3-locular; style cylindrical; stigmas 3. Fruit a capsule, elongated to ovoid , obovoid or round , with membran¬ous walls; dehiscence by irregular pores at the bases or the sides. Seeds minute, numerous .

A genus of over 300 species, mostly in the temperate regions . Represented in Pakistan by c.15 species.[1]

Physical Description

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Bloom Period: June, July, August. • Flower Color: blue-violet, near white, purple, white

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 6-12" tall.

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 8.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Infraphylum: Radiatopses () - Kenrick & Crane, 1997
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Asteridae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Campanulanae () - Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
        Order: Asterales () - Lindley, 1833
        Family: Campanulaceae () - A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons. - campanules, harebells
        Subfamily: Campanuloideae ()
        Tribe: Campanuleae ()
        Genus: Campanula () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Bellflower
        Subgenus: sphalm ()
        Specific epithet: carpatica - Jacq.
        Botanical name: - Campanula carpatica Jacq.

Synonyms

Neocodon Carpaticus

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 13-Jun-2008

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Campanula

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 219 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

More Info

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The natural history of plants; their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution. From the German of Anton Kerner von Marilaun, by F.W. Oliver, with the assistance of Marian Busk and Mary F. Ewart. with about 2000 original woodcut illustrations and sixteen plates in colours. London, Blackie, 1896-1897. url p. 362, p. 935.
The new botanic garden, illustrated with one hundred and thirty-three plants, engraved by Sansom, from the original pictures, and coloured with the greatest exactness from drawings by Sydenham Edwards... London, J. Stockdale, 1812. url .
The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 1467, p. 1468, p. 2970, p. 642, p. 643, p. 646, p. 648, p. 649, p. 928.
The story of my rock garden, by Reginald A. Malby. .. with introduction by W. Irving. .. illustrated with photographic reproductions and colour plates by the author. London, Headly bros., publishers, ltd.[1919] url p. 127.
The villa gardener; comprising the choice of a suburban villa residence; the laying out, planting, and culture of the garden and grounds; and the management of the villa farm, including the dairy and poultry-yard. .. By J. C. Loudon. London, W. S. Orr & co., 1850. url p. 253.
The weekly florists' review. Chicago: Florists' Pub. Co., 1897-1912. url p. 690, p. 726, p. 800.
The wild garden, or the naturalization and natural grouping of hardy exotic plants with a chapter on the garden of British wild flowers. London, J. Murray, 1894. url .
The wild garden: or, Our groves and gardens made beautiful by the naturalisation of hardy exotic plants; being one way onwards from the dark ages of flower gardening, with suggestions for the regeneration of the bare by W. Robinson; illustrated by Alfred Parsons. London: J. Murray; 1883. url p. 164.
The wild garden; or, Our groves & shrubberies made beautiful. .. London, J. Murray, 1870. url .
The wild garden; or, Our groves and gardens made beautiful by the naturalisation of hardy exotic plants. .. London, J. Murray;1883. url .
Tilton's journal of horticulture and florist's companion. Boston: J.E. Tilton and Co., 1869-1871. url p. 86.
Torreya. Burlington, Vt., Torrey Botanical Club, 1901-1945. url p. 160.
Town planting and the trees, shrubs, herbaceous and other plants that are best adapted for resisting smoke. London: E.P. Dutton & co., [1910] url p. 139.
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Trees for Long Island. [S.l.:s.n.], 1908. url p. 83.
W. Curtis (ed.) The Botanical magazine, or, Flower-garden displayed. .. /by William Curtis. 7 1794 [S.l.: s.n.], 1790-1800; url , .
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Wall and water gardens. By Gertrude Jekyll. New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1901. url p. 34, p. 35.

Notes

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Contributors

Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:

Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
European Environment Agency, EUNIS
Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Herbarium of Oskarshamn
The Swedish Museum of Natural History
, Plants
Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2656559
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-364195
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:140068-1
GRIN Nomen Number: 8749
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 34480
International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 140068-1
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDCAM02070
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CACA37
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 26558

Footnotes

E. Nasir "Campanula". in Flora of Pakistan . Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

Campanula carpatica

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Campanulaceae

Genus Campanula

Physical Description

Size/Age/Growth

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Campanula

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes