Camassia leichtlinii
(Camas, Camassia, Great Camas, Large Camas, Leichtlin Camassia, Quamash)Conservation Status
Population Analysis
- For the 283,255 species in the Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledons), we average 3.99 observations each in our database; for the Leichtlin Camassia, we have 149 observations. Compared to other species in this Class, this species is moderately common.
- A two-sample t-test can be used to determine whether the trend in observations of the Leichtlin Camassia is the same as the trend in observations of Liliopsida. Is this species just as common, as a proportion of all observations, as it once was? The answer is no, changes in observation rate of this species significantly differ from changes in observation rate of its Class. (t=2.969, p<0.005)
- How do observation rates of the Leichtlin Camassia differ from those of Liliopsida? To answer this, we examined the percentage of observerations for Liliopsida that were observations of the Leichtlin Camassia each year. We then correlated this percentage with observation year. If observations of the Leichtlin Camassia are becoming more common relative to other species of Liliopsida, the correlation should be positive, but if it is becoming less common, the correlation should be negative. In fact, the correlation is negative (r=-.28), with a negative slope (m = -.000), suggesting that the Leichtlin Camassia may be in decline relative to other species of Liliopsida. This correlation is statistically significant. (F = 62.7, p<.05)
- The scatter chart to the right shows the percentage of all observations for Liliopsida each year that were observations of the Leichtlin Camassia.
Taxonomy
- Kingdom: Plantae
- Plants
- Phylum: Magnoliophyta
- Flowering Plants
- Class: Liliopsida
- Monocotyledons
- Order: Asparagales
- Family: Noctuoidea
- Subfamily: Agapanthoideae
- Tribe: Chlorogaleae
- Genus: Camassia
(kuh-MAS-ee-uh)
Lindley, Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: plate 1486. 1832. -
Camas, quamash [Shoshone name camas or quamash]- Specific epithet: leichtlinii (Baker) S.Watson
- Botanical name: Camassia leichtlinii (Baker) S.Watson
- Specific epithet: leichtlinii (Baker) S.Watson
- Genus: Camassia
(kuh-MAS-ee-uh)
Lindley, Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: plate 1486. 1832. -
- Tribe: Chlorogaleae
- Subfamily: Agapanthoideae
- Family: Noctuoidea
- Order: Asparagales
- Class: Liliopsida
- Monocotyledons
- Phylum: Magnoliophyta
- Flowering Plants
Notes:
Basionym author: (Greenm.)
Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Place of publication: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 20:376. 1885
Name verified on 31-Jan-1996 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 27-Apr-1999
Physical Description
Genus Camassia:
Herbs, perennial, from bulbs. Bulbs solitary or clustered, tunicate, ovoid to globose; tunic black or brown. Leaves basal, appearing whorled; blade linear, keeled. Inflorescences appearing terminal, racemose, bracteate; bracts sterile or subtending flowers, narrowly lanceolate. Flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic; tepals 6, persistent, ± equal in 2 whorls of 3, distinct, violet, blue, or white, each 3-9-veined, lanceolate, ± twisted in drying; stamens 6; filaments inserted on receptacles at base of tepals, slender; anthers versatile, dehiscence introrse; ovary 3-locular, septal nectaries present, ovules 6-36; style filiform; stigma 3-lobed; pedicel spreading to incurving-erect in fruit. Fruits capsular, ovoid to ellipsoid or subglobose, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 6-36, lustrous black, obpyriform to ovoid-ellipsoid, 2-4 mm. x = 15.
Species 6: North America.
Cmassia has been associated with other western North American genera of Liliaceae such as Schoenolirion, Hastingsia, and especially Chlorogalum (F. Speta 1998; M. Pfosser and F. Speta 1999), but recent molecular evidence (D. J. Bogler and B. B. Simpson 1996; M. F. Fay and M. W. Chase 1996) suggests that it may be related instead to the Agavaceae. Furthermore, the bimodal, 2n = 30 karyology of Camassia (A. Fernandez and J. R. Davina 1991) is similar to that of Agavaceae (D. Satô 1935) and not that of Chlorogalum.
Camassia bulbs have been an important food staple for native Americans, especially in the Pacific Northwest (G. R. Downing and L. S. Furniss 1968; N. J. Turner and H. V. Kuhnlein 1983), where bulbs were dug and traded on large encampment meadows. Similarity to the poisonous bulbs of Zigadenus (€śdeath camas€ť) is a concern where ranges of the two genera overlap. Several Camassia species are cultivated and represent a major horticultural contribution from the native flora.
Variation and intergradation of C. angusta and C. scilloides have been reviewed by T. A. Ranker and A. F. Schnabel (1986), as well as J. A. Steyermark (1961), R. O. Erickson (1941), and F. W. Gould (1942).[1]
Habit: Forb/herb
Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May. • Flower Color: cream, near white, purple, tan, white
Distribution
Range and Population
Am. bor. North America
Native: British Columbia, California, Oregon, Washington.
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 15-18" apart.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)
Similar Species
Members of the genus Camassia:
There are approximately 61 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus: C. quamash teapeae · C. quamash typica · C. alba · C. angusta (Prairie Camas) · C. azurea · C. biflora · C. cusickii (Cusick's Camas) · C. cusickii 'Zwanenburg' (Cusick's Camas) · C. cusickii white-flowered · C. engelmannii · C. fraseri · C. howellii (Howell Camassia) · C. hyacinthina · C. leichilinii · C. leichtlinii (Camas) · C. leichtlinii 'Alba Plena' · C. leichtlinii 'Alba' (Camassia) · C. leichtlinii 'Atrocaerulea' · C. leichtlinii 'Blauwe Donau' · C. leichtlinii 'Caerulea' (Camassia) · C. leichtlinii 'Coerulea' · C. leichtlinii 'Magdalen' · C. leichtlinii 'Plena' · C. leichtlinii 'Semiplena' (Camassia) · C. leichtlinii 'Blue Danube' (Blue Danube Camassia) · C. leichtlinii f. suksdorfii · C. leichtlinii leichtlinii (Large Camas) · C. leichtlinii subsp. suksdorfii · C. leichtlinii suksdorfii (Camas) · C. leichtlinii suksdorfii 'Alba' · C. leichtlinii suksdorfii 'Albocaerulea' · C. leichtlinii suksdorfii 'Blauwe Donau' · C. leichtlinii suksdorfii 'Electra' · C. leichtlinii suksdorfii 'Lady Eve Price' · C. leichtlinii suksdorfii Atroviolacea Group · C. leichtlinii suksdorfii Caerulea Group · C. leichtlinii typica · C. leichtlinii var. watsoni · C. leichtlinnii · C. quamash 'Blue Melody' (Camas Lily) · C. quamash 'Orion' · C. quamash 'Purpureocoerulea' · C. quamash azurea (Camas Lily) · C. quamash intermedia (Small Camas) · C. quamash linearis (Small Camas) · C. quamash maxima (Small Camas) · C. quamash subsp. azurea · C. quamash subsp. intermedia · C. quamash subsp. linearis · C. quamash subsp. maxima · C. quamash subsp. utahensis · C. quamash subsp. walpolei · C. quamash utahensis (Camas) · C. quamash walpolei · C. scillioides · C. scilloides (Atlantic Camas) · C. scilloides f. candida · C. scilloides f. petersenii · C. scilloides f. variegata · C. teapeae · C. walpolei
Bibliography
- Cronquist, A. et al. 1972–. Intermountain flora. (Intermt F)
- Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage. (Zander ed13)
- Gould, F. W. 1942. A systematic treatment of the genus Camassia Lindl. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 28: 712-742.
- Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening. (Dict Gard)
- Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. (Hortus 3)
- Ranker, T. A. and A. F. Schnabel. 1986. Allozymic and morphological evidence for a progenitor-derivative species pair in Camassia (Liliaceae). Syst. Bot. 11: 433-445.
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Notes
Contributors:
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 19, 2007.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 5 providers.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)
- USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
- World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Data Sources:
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:
- Burke Museum: Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium (WTU)
- Missouri Botanical Garden
- Oregon State University: Vascular Plant Collection
- UK National Biodiversity Network: Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
- USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database
Identifiers:
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 42880
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 282063
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:532522-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMLIL0E030
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CALE5
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 27484
Footnotes:
- Tom A. Ranker & Tim Hogan "Camassia". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 20, 21, 58, 82, 303, 308. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
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