Camassia esculenta

• Interesting Facts
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Description

Genus Camassia

Herbs, perennial , from bulbs. Bulbs solitary or clustered, tunicate , ovoid to globose ; tunic black or brown. Leaves basal, appearing whorled ; blade linear , keeled . Inflorescences appearing terminal , racemose, bracteate ; bracts sterile or subtending flowers, narrowly lanceolate. Flowers actinomorphic or zygomorphic; tepals 6, persistent , ± equal in 2 whorls of 3, distinct , violet, blue, or white, each 3-9-veined, lanceolate, ± twisted in drying; stamens 6; filaments inserted on receptacles at base of tepals, slender; anthers versatile, dehiscence introrse ; ovary 3-locular, septal nectaries present, ovules 6-36; style filiform ; stigma 3-lobed; pedicel spreading to incurving-erect in fruit. Fruits capsular , ovoid to ellipsoid or subglobose, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 6-36, lustrous black, obpyriform to ovoid-ellipsoid, 2-4 mm. x = 15.

Species 6: North America.

Cmassia has been associated with other western North American genera of Liliaceae such as Schoenolirion, Hastingsia, and especially Chlorogalum (F. Speta 1998; M. Pfosser and F. Speta 1999), but recent molecular evidence (D. J. Bogler and B . B. Simpson 1996; M. F. Fay and M. W. Chase 1996) suggests that it may be related instead to the Agavaceae. Furthermore, the bimodal, 2n = 30 karyology of Camassia (A. Fernandez and J. R. Davina 1991) is similar to that of Agavaceae (D. Satô 1935) and not that of Chlorogalum.

Camassia bulbs have been an important food staple for native Americans, especially in the Pacific Northwest (G. R. Downing and L. S. Furniss 1968; N. J. Turner and H. V. Kuhnlein 1983), where bulbs were dug and traded on large encampment meadows. Similarity to the poisonous bulbs of Zigadenus (€œdeath camas€) is a concern where ranges of the two genera overlap. Several Camassia species are cultivated and represent a major horticultural contribution from the native flora.

Variation and intergradation of C. angusta and C. scilloides have been reviewed by T. A. Ranker and A. F. Schnabel (1986), as well as J. A. Steyermark (1961), R. O. Erickson (1941), and F. W. Gould (1942).[1]

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Lindl. Publication : Edwards's Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1486 1832

Similar Species

Members of the genus Camassia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 27 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. angusta (Prairie Camas) · C. cusickii (Cusick's Camas) · C. cusickii 'Zwanenburg' (Cusick's Camas) · C. howellii (Howell Camassia) · C. leichtlinii (Camas) · C. leichtlinii 'Blue Danube' (Blue Danube Camassia) · C. leichtlinii leichtlinii (Large Camas) · C. leichtlinii suksdorfii (Camas) · C. leichtlinii 'Alba' (Camassia) · C. leichtlinii 'Caerulea' (Camassia) · C. leichtlinii 'Semiplena' (Camassia) · C. leichtlinii subsp. suksdorfii (Suksdorf's Large Camas) · C. quamash azurea (Camas Lily) · C. quamash intermedia (Small Camas) · C. quamash linearis (Small Camas) · C. quamash maxima (Small Camas) · C. quamash utahensis (Camas) · C. quamash walpolei (Walpole's Small Camas) · C. quamash subsp. azurea (Small Camas) · C. quamash 'Blue Melody' (Camas Lily) · C. quamash subsp. intermedia (Small Camas) · C. quamash subsp. linearis (Small Camas) · C. quamash subsp. maxima (Small Camas) · C. quamash subsp. utahensis (Utah Small Camas) · C. quamash subsp. walpolei (Walpole's Small Camas) · C. scilloides (Atlantic Camas) · C. walpolei (Walpole's Small Camas)

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Further Reading

• A dictionary of American plant names / compiled by Willard N. Clute. Joliet, Ill.: W.N. Clute, 1923. url p. 11.
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• A general system of botany, descriptive and analytical. In two parts. Part I. Outlines of organography, anatomy, and physiology. Part II. Descriptions and illustrations of the orders. By Emm. Le Maout [and] J. Decaisne. With 5500 figures by L. Steinheil a London, Longmans, Green & Co.1873. url .
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• A popular California flora, or, Manual of botany for beginners. With illustrated introductory lessons, especially adapted to the Pacific Coast. To which is added an Analytical key to west coast botany. Containing brief descripti San Francisco, The Whitaker & Ray Co., 1896. url p. 118.
• A popular California flora: or, Manual of botany for beginners with illustrated introductory lessons, especially adapted to the Pacific Coast; to which is added an analytical key to west coast botany, containing brief descripti by Volney Rattan. San Francisco: Whitaker & Ray, 1896. url p. 118.
• A popular California flora: or, manual of botany for beginners. ..: to which is added an Analytical key to west coast botany. .. / San Francisco: Bancroft, 1892. url .
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• VI.
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Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 16, 2012.

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2777750
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 4024685

Footnotes

1. Tom A. Ranker & Tim Hogan "Camassia". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 20, 21, 58, 82, 303, 308. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.