Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
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Common Names in English:
Cusick's Camas, Cusick's Camassia, Cusicks Quamash
Common Names in French:
Cusick Camas
Description
Genus Camassia
Herbs, perennial
, from bulbs. Bulbs solitary or clustered, tunicate
, ovoid
to globose
; tunic black or brown. Leaves basal, appearing whorled
; blade
linear
, keeled
. Inflorescences appearing terminal
, racemose, bracteate
; bracts sterile
or subtending
flowers, narrowly lanceolate. Flowers actinomorphic
or zygomorphic; tepals 6, persistent
, ± equal in 2 whorls of 3, distinct
, violet, blue, or white, each 3-9-veined, lanceolate, ± twisted in drying; stamens 6; filaments
inserted
on receptacles at base
of tepals, slender; anthers
versatile, dehiscence introrse
; ovary 3-locular, septal nectaries present, ovules 6-36; style filiform
; stigma 3-lobed; pedicel spreading
to incurving-erect in fruit. Fruits capsular
, ovoid to ellipsoid
or subglobose, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 6-36, lustrous
black, obpyriform
to ovoid-ellipsoid, 2-4 mm.
x
= 15.
Species 6: North America.
Cmassia has been associated with other western North American genera of Liliaceae such as Schoenolirion, Hastingsia, and especially Chlorogalum (F. Speta 1998; M.
Pfosser and F. Speta 1999), but recent molecular evidence (D. J. Bogler and B
. B. Simpson 1996; M. F. Fay and M. W. Chase 1996) suggests that it may be related instead to the Agavaceae. Furthermore, the bimodal, 2n = 30 karyology
of Camassia (A. Fernandez and J. R. Davina 1991) is similar to that of Agavaceae (D. Satô 1935) and not that of Chlorogalum.
Camassia bulbs have been an important food staple for native
Americans, especially in the Pacific Northwest (G. R. Downing and L. S. Furniss 1968; N. J. Turner and H. V. Kuhnlein 1983), where bulbs were dug and traded on large encampment meadows. Similarity
to the poisonous bulbs of Zigadenus (€œdeath camas€) is a concern where ranges
of the two genera overlap. Several Camassia species are cultivated and represent a major horticultural contribution from the native flora.
Variation
and intergradation of C.
angusta and C. scilloides have been reviewed by T. A. Ranker and A. F. Schnabel (1986), as well as J. A. Steyermark (1961), R. O. Erickson (1941), and F. W. Gould (1942).[1]
Physical Description
Species Camassia cusickii
Bulbs clustered, ellipsoid , 2-7 cm diam. Leaves rarely fewer than 10, 2.5-5 dm × 2-5 cm. Inflorescences 50-80 cm; sterile bracts 0, bracts subtending flowers exceeding pedicel. Flowers slightly zygomorphic; tepals withering separately after anthesis , pale blue or bluish violet, each 3(-5) -veined, 25-35 × 3-5 mm; anthers yellow, 3.5-4(-5) mm; fruiting pedicel incurving-erect or slightly spreading , 15-25 mm. Capsules not deciduous, light brown, ovoid or ellipsoid, 15-25 mm. Seeds 5-10 per locule. 2n = 30. [source]
Habit: Forb/herb
Flowers: Bloom Period: April. • Flower Color: cream, near white, purple, tan, white
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 36-48" tall.
Habitat
Hillsides; 1000--2000 m [2].
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,174 meters (0 to 7,133 feet).[3]
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 15-18" apart.
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
)
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
)
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
)
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
)
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Liliidae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Lilianae
(
)
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Asparagales
(
)
- Bromhead, 1838
- Suborder:
Asparagineae
(
)
-
- Family:
Asparagaceae
(
)
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons.
- Tribe:
Chlorogaleae
(
)
- Tribe:
Chlorogaleae
(
- Family:
Asparagaceae
(
- Suborder:
Asparagineae
(
- Order:
Asparagales
(
- Superorder:
Lilianae
(
- Subclass:
Liliidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
Quamasia cusickii (S. Watson) Coville • Quamasia cusickii Coville
Notes
Publishing author : S.Watson
Similar Species
Members of the genus Camassia
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 27 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
C. angusta (Prairie Camas) · C. cusickii (Cusick's Camas) · C. cusickii 'Zwanenburg' (Cusick's Camas) · C. howellii (Howell Camassia) · C. leichtlinii (Camas) · C. leichtlinii 'Blue Danube' (Blue Danube Camassia) · C. leichtlinii leichtlinii (Large Camas) · C. leichtlinii suksdorfii (Camas) · C. leichtlinii 'Alba' (Camassia) · C. leichtlinii 'Caerulea' (Camassia) · C. leichtlinii 'Semiplena' (Camassia) · C. leichtlinii subsp. suksdorfii (Suksdorf's Large Camas) · C. quamash azurea (Camas Lily) · C. quamash intermedia (Small Camas) · C. quamash linearis (Small Camas) · C. quamash maxima (Small Camas) · C. quamash utahensis (Camas) · C. quamash walpolei (Walpole's Small Camas) · C. quamash subsp. azurea (Small Camas) · C. quamash 'Blue Melody' (Camas Lily) · C. quamash subsp. intermedia (Small Camas) · C. quamash subsp. linearis (Small Camas) · C. quamash subsp. maxima (Small Camas) · C. quamash subsp. utahensis (Utah Small Camas) · C. quamash subsp. walpolei (Walpole's Small Camas) · C. scilloides (Atlantic Camas) · C. walpolei (Walpole's Small Camas)
More Info
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Further Reading
- American plants. .. [Descriptions, bibliographical notes, synonymy, and other information, comp. from many sources] Charles Russell Orcutt, editor. San Diego, Calif., [1907]-1910. url p. 531.
- An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 415, p. 540.
- Notes on western range forbs: Equisetaceae through Fumariaceae / by William A. Dayton. Washington, D.C.: Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1960. url p. 28.
- Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 211.
- Gould, F. W. 1942. A systematic treatment of the genus Camassia Lindl. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 28: 712-742.
- Ranker, T. A. and A. F. Schnabel. 1986. Allozymic and morphological evidence for a progenitor-derivative species pair in Camassia (Liliaceae). Syst. Bot. 11: 433-445.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 16, 2012.
- "Camassia cusickii". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 304, 307. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 4 providers.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)
- USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
- World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Release date: November 27, 2009
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:
- GBIF-Sweden: Herbarium of Oskarshamn (OHN)
- Missouri Botanical Garden
- Oregon State University: Vascular Plant Collection
- USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2662524
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-301836
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:532514-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 8696
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 42878
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 1190936-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMLIL0E010
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CACU2
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 27478
Footnotes
- Tom A. Ranker & Tim Hogan "Camassia". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 20, 21, 58, 82, 303, 308. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Camassia cusickii". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 304, 307. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 1,095.380 meters (3,593.766 feet), Standard Deviation = 680.430 based on 13 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
