Calystegia soldanella

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Convolvulaceae

Herbs or shrubs , usually with twining or climbing stems or erect , often with milky juice. Leaves alternate, simple , entire, dissected , or compound , absent in parasitic species. Flowers solitary, axillary or in cymes, racemes , panicles, umbels, or capitula, bisexual , actinomorphic , usually 5-merous, often showy. Sepals free , often persistent , sometimes enlarged in fruit. Corolla sympetalous , funnelform , campanulate , salverform , or urceolate ; limb subentire or deeply lobed . Stamens alternating with corolla lobes , adnate to corolla; filaments filiform , equal or unequal in length ; anthers introrse , laterally and longitudinally dehiscing; pollen smooth or finely spiny . Disc ringlike or cupular. Ovary superior, mostly 2-carpellate, 1- or 2-loculed, rarely 3- or 4-loculed; ovules basal, erect. Styles 1 or 2, terminal (gynobasic in Dichondra) or very short or absent; stigma entire or 2- (or 3) -lobed, rarely peltate. Fruit a capsule, dehiscing by valves , circumscissile, or irregularly shattering, less often a berry or nutlike. Seeds usually trigonous , smooth or pubescent .

About 58 genera and 1650 species: widely distributed in tropical , subtropical , and temperate regions ; 20 genera and 129 species in China.

Aniseia biflora (Linnaeus) Choisy and A. stenantha (Dunn) Ling, recognized in the Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin., are here treated as Ipomoea biflora and I. fimbriosepala, respectively, because both have pantoporate and spinulose pollen. Strictly speaking, Aniseia is a neotropical genus of about five species, of which A. martinicensis (Jacquin) Choisy is widely naturalized as a common weed in rice paddies in Thailand and other southeast Asian countries. It will probably be found in S China eventually.

The family is important in China for food plants (Ipomoea batatas (Linnaeus) Lamarck and I. aquatica Forsskål), several ornamentals (Ipomoea), several medicinal plants (Erycibe, Ipomoea, Cuscuta, Merremia, Dichondra, Evolvulus), and numerous noxious weeds (Cuscuta, Calystegia, Convolvulus) .

Pollen aperture type and surface ornamentation are important characters in the classification of Convolvulaceae at the generic level and above. The most critical feature of the pollen is whether the grain surface is spiny or not. This distinction separates the eight tribes recognized by Austin (Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 60: 306-412. 1973) into two rather cohesive groups. A low magnification (20 ) is adequate for discerning the presence or absence of minute spines on the surface.

For the successful identification of Convolvulaceae, both flowering and fruiting material should be collected. The first key to genera requires adequate fertile material with both flowers and fruit, and requires use of a pollen character. The second key may be used as an aid to identification where material is lacking flowers or fruit, but in some instances it is still partially dependent upon having both flowers and fruit.[1]

Genus Calystegia

Herbs prostrate or erect to twining to several meters tall, rhizomatous [or woody at base ]. Leaves subsessile to petiolate , oblong to hastate or sagittate [or rarely pedate]. Inflorescences axillary , 1-flowered [or few-flowered] cymes; bracteoles 2, sepal-like, inserted immediately below calyx, ovate and sometimes saccate , enclosing calyx [or remote from calyx and subulate or leaf-shaped], persistent . Sepals subequal , persistent. Corolla white, pink [or pale yellow], funnelform , with 5 distinct midpetaline bands , glabrous . Stamens included , equal. Pollen globose , pantoporate , not spiny . Ovary 1-loculed, 4-ovuled. Style 1, included in corolla; stigmas 2, clavate . Capsule globose, glabrous, indehiscent. Seeds 4, smooth or minutely tuberculate .

Approximately 70 intergrading subspecific taxa which can be arbitrarily combined into about 25 species: mostly temperate but sparingly extending to the tropics; six species in China.

Nearly all taxa in Calystegia intergrade geographically into neighboring taxa with the exception of the widespread coastal species, C. soldanella (Linnaeus) R. Brown. Almost half of the genus is endemic in California, U.S.A., and the exceptions noted in the generic description in brackets [ ] all refer to the Californian endemics. It is impossible to draw clearly defined specific limits , and intermediate forms are always found where two taxa approximate geographically.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Sandy seashores, coastal dunes; sea level[3].

Typically found in the intertidal zone at the water's edge at a mean distance from sea level of 19 meters (64 feet).[4]

Biome: Coastal.

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Growth

Culture: Space 15-18" apart.

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.6 • Maximum pH: 7.8

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Taxonomy

Synonyms

C. maritimus Lamarck • C. reniformis (R. Brown) Poiret. • C. soldanelloides Makino • Calystegia reniformis R. Brown • Convolvulus asarifolius Salisbury • Convolvulus soldanella L. • Convolvulus soldanellus Linnaeus

Notes

Basionym : Convolvulaceae Convolvulus soldanella L.

Basionym author: (L.)

Similar Species

Members of the genus Calystegia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 67 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. atriplicifolia (Night-Blooming Bindweed) · C. atriplicifolia subsp. buttensis (Nightblooming False Bindweed) · C. catesbeiana (Catesby's Bindweed) · C. catesbiana (Catesby's False Bindweed) · C. collina (Coast Range Bindweed) · C. collina tridactylosa (Coast Range False Bindweed) · C. collina subsp. oxyphylla (Coast Range False Bindweed) · C. collina subsp. tridactylosa (Coast Range False Bindweed) · C. collina subsp. venusta (Coast Range False Bindweed) · C. hederacea (Japanese False Bindweed) · C. hederacea 'Flore Pleno' (Creeping Verbena) · C. japonica (Calystegia) · C. longipes (Paiute False Bindweed) · C. macounii (Macoun's Bindweed) · C. macrostegia (Island Bindweed) · C. macrostegia arida (Coast Range False Bindweed) · C. macrostegia intermedia (Island False Bindweed) · C. macrostegia macrostegia (Island False Bindweed) · C. macrostegia subsp. amplissima (Island False Bindweed) · C. macrostegia subsp. arida (Island False Bindweed) · C. macrostegia subsp. cyclostegia (Island False Bindweed) · C. macrostegia subsp. intermedia (Island False Bindweed) · C. macrostegia subsp. tenuifolia (Island False Bindweed) · C. malacophylla (Sierra Bindweed) · C. malacophylla (Greene) Munz var. berryi (Eastw.) Brummitt (Berry Morning-Glory) · C. malacophylla pedicellata (Sierra False Bindweed) · C. malacophylla subsp. pedicellata (Sierra False Bindweed) · C. marginata (Forest Bindweed) · C. occidentalis (Chaparral False Bindweed) · C. occidentalis fulcrata (Chaparral False Bindweed) · C. occidentalis occidentalis (Chaparral False Bindweed) · C. occidentalis var. tomentella (Chaparral False Bindweed) · C. occidentalis subsp. fulcrata (Chaparral False Bindweed) · C. peirsonii (Peirson's False Bindweed) · C. pellita (Calystegia) · C. purpurata (Pacific Bindweed) · C. purpurata saxicola (Pacific False Bindweed) · C. purpurata solanensis (Solano False Bindweed) · C. purpurata subsp. saxicola (Pacific False Bindweed) · C. purpurata subsp. solanensis (Solano False Bindweed) · C. sepium (Bearbind) · C. sepium americana (American Bindweed) · C. sepium binghamiae (Bearbind) · C. sepium spectabilis (Wild Morning-Glory) · C. sepium subsp. americana (Hedge False Bindweed) · C. sepium subsp. angulata (Hedge False Bindweed) · C. sepium subsp. appalachiana (Appalachia False Bindweed) · C. sepium subsp. binghamiae (Bingham's False Bindweed) · C. sepium subsp. erratica (Hedge False Bindweed) · C. sepium subsp. limnophila (Hedge False Bindweed) · C. silvatica (Shortstalk False Bindweed) · C. silvatica fraterniflora (Hedge False Bindweed) · C. silvatica silvatica (Shortstalk False Bindweed) · C. silvatica subsp. fraterniflora (Shortstalk False Bindweed) · C. soldanella (Beach Morning Glory) · C. spithamaea (Low Bindweed) · C. spithamaea stans (Low False Bindweed) · C. spithamaea subsp. purshiana (Low False Bindweed) · C. spithamaea subsp. stans (Low False Bindweed) · C. spithamaeus (Upright Bindweed) · C. stans (Low False Bindweed) · C. stebbinsii (Stebbins' False Bindweed) · C. subacaulis (Hill Bindweed) · C. subacaulis episcopalis (Hillside False Bindweed) · C. subacaulis subacaulis (Hillside False Bindweed) · C. subacaulis subsp. episcopalis (Hillside False Bindweed) · C. tuguriorum (Powhiwhi)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A general history of the dichlamydeous plants, comprising complete descriptions of the different orders; together with the characters of the genera and species, and an enumeration of the cultivated varieties. .. the scientific names accentuated, t By George Don. London, J.G. and F. Rivington [etc.]1831-38. url p. 267, p. 287, p. 297.
• A general system of gardening and botany. Founded upon Miller's Gardener's dictionary, and arranged according to the natural system. By George Don. London, Printed for C. J. G. and F. Rivington, 1831-38. url p. 267, p. 287, p. 297.
• An introduction to California plant life Berkeley: University of California Press, [c1974] url p. 148.
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 324.
• Annals of the South African Museum. Annale van die Suid-Afrikaanse Museum. Cape Town [etc., South African Museum, etc.] url p. 98.
• Bibliographical contributions from the Lloyd library, Cincinnati, Ohio. Cincinnati, Ohio, Lloyd Library. url p. 210.
• Bibliography of botany / compiled by the Lloyd Library. Cincinnati: Printed privately by the Lloyd Library, 1918- url .
• Biologia centrali-americana; or, Contributions to the knowledge of the fauna and flora of Mexico and Central America. London, Pub. for the editors by R. H. Porter and Dulau & co., 1879-88. url .
• British journal of entomology and natural history. [London]: British Entomological and Natural History Society, 1988- url p. 29.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: The Museum, 1951-1992. url p. 161.
• Compositae newsletter. Columbus, Ohio: Dept. of Botany, Ohio State University, 1975- url p. 15.
• English wild flowers: to be found by the wayside, fields, hedgerows, rivers, moorlands, meadows, mountains, and sea-shore / by J.T. Burgess. London: F. Warne, [18--?] url p. 198.
• Essex naturalist: being the journal of the Essex Field Club. Buckhurst Hill, Essex, The Club. url p. 170.
• Flora of Japan: in English: combined, much revised and extended translation / by the author of his Flora of Japan (1953) and Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta (1957); edited by Frederick G. Meyer and Egbert H. Walker. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. url p. 2, p. 3, p. 753.
• Florigraphia Britannica; or, Engravings and descriptions of the flowering plants and ferns of Britain. London, Groombridge, 1857. url .
• Florigraphia britannica, or, Engravings and descriptions of the flowering plants and ferns of Britain / by Richard Deakin. London: Groombridge, 1857. url p. 263.
• Hardwicke's science-gossip: an illustrated medium of interchange and gossip for students and lovers of nature. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1866- url p. 258.
• List of rare, threatened and endemic plants in Europe (1982 edition) Council of Europe url p. 30.
• MAB Biosphere Reserves: Site Descriptions, post compilation 5 (October 1990) UNESCO MAB Programme url .
• National list of scientific plant names. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1982- url p. 110.
• Nature. London, Macmillan. url p. 338.
• Observations of a naturalist in the Pacific between 1896 and 1899, by H. B. Guppy London, 1903-06 url p. 573.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 144.
• Plants of New Zealand / Christchurch: Whitcombe and Tombs, 1906. url .
• Plants of New Zealand, by R. M. Laing and E. W. Blackwell. Christchurch: Whitcombe and Tombs, Ltd., 1906. url p. 344.
• Plants of New Zealand, by R.M. Laing, and E.W. Blackwell. Christchurch, Wellington, and Dunedin, N.Z. [etc.]Whitcombe and Tombs, 1907. url p. 344.
• Proceedings and transactions of the British Entomological and Natural History Society. London, British Entomological and Natural History Society. url p. 15.
• Protected Landscapes: experience around the world. Prepared for the International Symposium on Protected Landscapes, Grange-over-Sands, England 5-10 October 1987 IUCN url p. 363.
• Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Made under the direction of the secretary of war, in 1853-[6]. .. Washington, A.O.P. Nicholson, Printer [etc.]1855-60. url p. 67, p. 67.
• Sturtevant's notes on edible plants / Edited by U.P. Hedrick. Albany: J.B. Lyon, 1919. url p. 127.
• Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 119, p. 35, p. 45.
• Textbook of theoretical botany, by R. C. McLean and W. R. Ivimey-Cook. London, Longmans, Green[1951- url p. 1560, p. 1897.
• The Asa Gray bulletin. 1 1952 Ann Arbor, Mich. url .
• The Canadian record of science. Montreal, Natural History Society. url p. 415, p. 418.
• The Cottage gardener. [London: W.S. Orr, url p. 155.
• The Entomologist's record and journal of variation. s.l., s.n. url , p. 143, p. 18.
• The Gaelic names of plants (Scottish, Irish, and Manx), collected and arranged in scientific order, with notes on their etymology, uses, plant superstitions, etc., among the Celts, with copious Gaeli Glasgow, J. Mackay, 1900. url .
• The Naturalist. 1891 [Doncaster: Yorkshire Naturalists' Union], 1874- url p. 130, p. 328.
• The natural history of Washington territory, with much relating to Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oregon, and California, between the thirty-sixth and forty-ninth parallels of latitude, being those parts of the final reports on the survey of the N By J. G. Cooper, M. D., and Dr. G. Suckley. .. This edition contains a new preface, giving a sketch of the explorations, a classified table of contents, and the latest additions by the authors. With f London, Baillière brothers, 1859. url p. 64.
• Torrey, J. Report on the United States and Mexican boundary survey: made under the direction of the secretary of the Interior /by William H. Emory, major First Cavalry, and United States commissioner. 2(1) 1859 Washington: C. Wendell, printer, 1857-59. url p. 148, p. 148.
• Transactions and journal of proceedings / Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History & Antiquarian Society. Dumfries: Council of the Society, url p. 10.
• Transactions and proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1 1868 Wellington: New Zealand Institute. url p. 242, p. 242, p. 257, p. 331, p. 337, p. 34, p. 373.
• Fang Rhui-cheng & Huang Shu-hua in Wu Cheng-yih, ed. 1979. Convolvulaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 64(1): 1-153.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 03, 2008:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• European Environment Agency, EUNIS
• GBIF-Spain, Dirección General de Investigación, Desarrollo Tecnológico e Innovación de la Junta de Extremadura(DGIDTI): HSS
• GBIF-Spain, Dpto de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal
• .Facultad de Ciencias.Universidad de Córdoba
• GBIF-Spain, Herbario Universidad de Málaga: MGC-Cormófitos
• GBIF-Spain, Hortus Botanicus Sollerensis Herbarium
• GBIF-Spain, Jardín Botánico de Córdoba: Herbarium COA
• GBIF-Spain, Real Jardin Botanico
• , Vascular Plant Herbarium
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Extremadura, UNEX
• GBIF-Spain, Universidad de Oviedo. Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas: FCO
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• National Herbarium of New South Wales, NSW herbarium collection
• National Institute of Genetics, ROIS, Herbarium Specimens of Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Pref., Japan
• National Science Museum of Korea, National Science Museum of Korea Plant
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility, Magnoliophyta
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Joint Nature Conservation Committee - Vegetation surveys of coastal shingle in Great Britain
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2653742
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-30692
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:265700-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 8685
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 30692
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 265700-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDCON040F0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CASO2
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 27469

Footnotes

1. Ruizheng Fang & George Staples "Convolvulaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 271. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Fang Rhui-cheng, Richard K. Brummitt "Calystegia". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 286. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. "Calystegia soldanella". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 287. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
4. Standard Deviation = 304.470 based on 1,842 observations. Terrestrial altitude and ocean depth information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.