Calycanthus floridus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Calycanthaceae

Shrubs , deciduous, rhizomatous , aromatic . Leaves opposite, without stipules, petiolate . Leaf blade : margins entire or, on fast-growing shoots , occasionally with a few teeth. Inflorescences terminal on short, leafy branches of current growth, solitary flowers. Flowers bisexual . Hypanthium urn-shaped; tepals and stamens perigynous; inner tepals, stamens, and staminodes with succulent, white food bodies at tips . Tepals 15-30, fleshy , petaloid , spirally inserted on outside of hypanthium. Stamens 5-30, spirally inserted at top of hypanthium; staminodes 10-25, on inner surface of hypanthium; locules opening by longitudinal slits. Pistils 5-35, 1-carpellate, spirally inserted within hypanthium; ovules 2 per locule, distal ovule abortive, submarginal ; style elongate , filiform ; stigma dry, decurrent. Fruits achenes, 1-35, dark reddish brown, cylindric , pubescent , enclosed within enlarged, fibrous persistent hypanthium (pseudocarp) . Seeds : endosperm absent.

Genera 3, species 6 (1 genus, 2 species in the flora ) : temperate North America and China.

Calycanthus is often grown ornamentally. Also in cultivation is Chimonanthus praecox (Linnaeus) Link, an eastern Asiatic shrub. Chimonanthus differs from Calycanthus in its scaly buds and yellow flowers that appear long before the leaves.

Calycanthus contains calycanthine, an alkaloid similar to strychnine, and it is toxic to humans and livestock (W. H. Lewis and M. P. F. Elvin-Lewis 1977) .[1]

Genus Calycanthus

Twigs quadrangular to nearly terete , pubescent to glabrous . Buds naked. Leaves 2-ranked. Leaf blade elliptic , ovate , or ovate-lanceolate; surfaces adaxially scabrous . Flowers maroon or reddish brown, rarely greenish or green-tipped, with strawberry or pineapple scent. x = 11.

Species 3: temperate North America.[2]

Physical Description

Landscaping

Landscape Uses: Specimen. Shrub border . Woods edge . Foundation plant. For aromatic flowers. • Liabilities: A favorite target of rabbits. Can become leggy in shade. Generally insect and disease free . • Care: Follow a regular watering schedule during the first growing season to establish a deep, extensive root system . Watering can be reduced after establishment. Feed with a general purpose fertilizer before new growth begins in spring .

Habitat

Zone 5.

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 1,338 meters (0 to 4,390 feet).[3]

Biology

Growth

Culture: Full sun is best, but tolerant of partial shade. Likes moist, rich soils best. Soil pH adaptable. Prune after flowering. May need renewal pruning if it becomes leggy .

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Thrives in either full sun or shade.

Moisture: Water Requirements: Water regularly, when top 3 in. of soil is dry.

Temperature: Heat Zones: High: 9 (>120 to 150 days) Low:1 (< 1 days) (map) • Cold Hardiness: 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Butneria florida (L.) Kearney

Notes

Publishing author : L. Publication : Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1053, 1066, 1371 1759 [7 Jun 1759]

Similar Species

Members of the genus Calycanthus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 13 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. brockiana (Brock Sweetshrub) · C. chinensis (Chinese Allspice) · C. floridus (Bubby Bush) · C. floridus L. var. floridus (Eastern Sweetshrub) · C. floridus L. var. glaucus (Willd.) Torr. and A.Gray (Eastern Sweetshrub) · C. floridus var. floridus (Eastern Sweetshrub) · C. floridus var. glaucus (Eastern Sweetshrub) · C. floridus 'Athens' (Bubby Bush) · C. floridus 'Edith Wilder' (Carolina Allspice) · C. floridus 'Michael Lindsey' (Common Sweetshrub) · C. occidentalis (California Allspice) · C. raulstonii 'Hartlage Wine' (Eastern Sweetshrub) · C. raulstonii 'Venus' (Eastern Sweetshrub)

More Info

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Further Reading

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• A dictionary of American plant names / compiled by Willard N. Clute. Joliet, Ill.: W.N. Clute, 1923. url p. 116.
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• A manual of botany: being an introduction to the study of the structure, physiology, and classification of plants. By John Hutton Balfour. London: J. J. Griffin [etc.] 1851. url p. 47, p. 60.
• A manual of botany: including the structure, classification, properties, uses, and functions of plants. London, John Churchill and Sons, 1870. url p. 533.
• A manual of gardening for Bengal and Upper India. By Thomas A. C. Firminger. .. Calcutta, Thacker, Spink and co.; [etc., etc.]1874. url p. 441.
• A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations, Cedar Rapids, Ia., The Torch Press, 1911. url , .
• A manual of poisonous plants: chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations / by L. H. Pammel. 1911 Cedar Rapids, Ia.: The Torch Press, 1910-11. url fig. 246, p. 475.
• A manual of scientific terms, pronouncing, etymological, and explanatory, chiefly comprising terms in botany, natural history, anatomy, medicine, and veterinary science, with an appendix of specific names. Designed for the use of by Rev. James Stormonth Edinburgh, Maclachlan and Stewart, 1885 url p. 61.
• A partial list of plants available for various uses in general landscape planting, comp. by Albert D. Taylor. Cleveland, A.D. Taylor, c1916 url p. 23, p. 23, p. 25, p. 26, p. 26, p. 41, p. 41.
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• The Woods and Timbers of North Carolina By P.M. Hale. A compilation from the botanical and geological reports of Drs. Curtis, Emmons and Kerr; to which are added information obtained from the Census bureau and accurate reports from the seve New York, E. J. Hale and Son, 1883. url p. 173.
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• The flora of Tennessee and a philosophy of botany: respectfully dedicated to the citizens of Tennessee / by Augustin Gattinger. Nashville: Press of Gospel Advocate Pub. Co., 1901. url p. 83.
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• The new American orchardist; or, An account of the most valuable varieties of fruit, of all climates, adapted to cultivation in the United States; with their history, modes of culture, management, uses, &c. With an appendix on ve By William Kenrick. Boston, Otis, Broaders, & co., 1844. url p. 387.
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• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 1801, p. 2695, p. 638.
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• The villa gardener; comprising the choice of a suburban villa residence; the laying out, planting, and culture of the garden and grounds; and the management of the villa farm, including the dairy and poultry-yard. .. By J. C. Loudon. London, W. S. Orr & co., 1850. url p. 335.
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• W. Curtis (ed.) The Botanical magazine, or, Flower-garden displayed. .. /by William Curtis. 14 1800 [S.l.: s.n.], 1790-1800; url , .
• Wanderings in the great forests of Borneo; travels and researches of a naturalist in Sarawak, London, A. Constable & co., ltd, 1904. url p. 104.
• West Virginia trees. Morgantown, 1920. url p. 232, p. 232.
• Westbury nurseries and the Hicks patent treemovers... [S.l.:s.n.], 1904. url p. 53.
• Winter botany, a companion volume to the author's Plant materials of decorative gardening, by William Trelease. .. Urbana, The author, 1918. url p. 66.
• Winter botany, by William Trelease. .. Urbana, The author, 1918. url p. 66.
• Woodward's record of horticulture for. . New York: Geo. E. & F.W. Woodward, 1867-1868. url p. 90.
• Woody plants in winter; a manual of common trees and shrubs in winter in the Northeastern United States and southeastern Canada, by Earl L. Core and Nelle P. Ammons. Pittsburgh, Boxwood Press[1958] url p. 96, p. 97.
• Yard and garden; a book of practical information for the amateur gardener in city, town or suburb, Indianapolis, The Bobbs-Merrill company[c1908] url , p. 408.
• Nicely, K. A. 1965. A monographic study of the Calycanthaceae. Castanea 30: 38-81.
• Wood, C. E. Jr. 1958. The genera of the woody Ranales in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 39: 296-346.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed March 27, 2012.
• "Calycanthus floridus". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 18, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 9 providers.
• Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Dec 27, 2011.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (May 04, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 18, 2007:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
• US National Plant Germplasm System, United States National Plant Germplasm System Collection
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2645105
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-18142
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13729075
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:139221-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 8661
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 18142
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 139221-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDCLC01010
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 166533

Footnotes

1. George P. Johnson "Calycanthaceae". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Calycanthus". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 263.920 meters (865.879 feet), Standard Deviation = 233.670 based on 348 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.