Overview
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Extinct in the Wild |
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Common Names
Common Names in English:
Sexton Mountain Mariposa Lily
Description
Genus Calochortus
Herbs, perennial
, sometimes from bulbs; bulb coat membranous or fibrous-reticulate. Stems scapelike or leafy, simple
or branched, glabrous
, often glaucous; bulblets sometimes borne in leaf axils
. Leaves sessile; basal persistent
or withering by flowering, solitary, blade
base
sometimes attenuate and petiolelike; cauline 0-several, sometimes proximalmost appearing as basal, reduced. Inflorescences monochasiate or ± umbellate
, 1-many-flowered, bracteate
. Flowers: perianth globose
to broadly campanulate
; sepals 3, distinct
, ovate
to lanceolate, usually petaloid
and glabrous; petals 3, distinct, usually longer
and broader than sepals, sometimes clawed, usually hairy
adaxially, bearing adaxial
gland
near base, often spotted to ± patterned; filaments
widened at base; anthers
usually basifixed
or pseudobasifixed, linear
to oblong
; ovary superior; style absent; stigmas 3. Fruits capsular
, 3-locular, 3-angled or -winged, linear, oblong, or globular, dehiscence septicidal
. Seeds many, in 2 rows
per locule, irregular or flat, coat
usually hexagonally reticulate
.
Species ca.
70: w North America, Central America.
Many species of Calochortus are in cultivation. Bulbs of some species were eaten by Native
Americans. Petal shape, gland shape, and pubescence
are exceedingly variable in many taxa but often are important in identifying species.
As part of a phylogenetic
analysis of relationships
within the Liliales, T. B
. Patterson (1998) studied variation
in noncoding cpDNA sequences throughout Calochortus. He resolved seven main clades that are geographically and ecologically strongly cohesive, including the mariposas of dry grasslands and semideserts, the star-tulips of wet meadows, the cat's ears of montane
woodlands, and the fairy lanterns of closed
forests
. Patterson suggested that this pattern
of relationships is the result of highly localized speciation
within the genus.[1]
Physical Description
Species Calochortus indecorus
Stems stout, not branching, 16-22 cm, not bearing bulblets. Leaves:
basal 2-25 dm × 8-12 mm; cauline usually present. Inflorescences
2-6-flowered. Flowers ± erect
; perianth open, campanulate
;
sepals broadly lanceolate, somewhat shorter than petals; petals bright
lavender, broadly obovate
, adaxial
surface glabrous
or with short,
purple hairs
distal to gland
, apex margins
erose; glands
slightly
depressed
, surrounded proximally by minutely denticulate
membrane
;
filaments
longer
than anthers
; anthers oblong
, apex acute to obtuse
.
Capsules nodding
, narrowly 3-winged, ovoid
, 1.5-2 cm. Seeds unknown.
[source]
Calochortus indecorus was collected from the western slope
of Sexton
Mountain, northeastern Josephine County. Endemic to that area, the
taxon
is now presumed extinct
. [source]
Habit: Forb/herb
Flowers: Bloom Period: April.
Habitat
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Taxonomy
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Plants
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Vascular Plants
- Class:
Liliopsida
()
- Order:
Liliales
()
- Family:
Lasiocampoidea
()
- Genus:
Calochortus
()
- Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 240. 1814.
- [Greek kalos, beautiful, and chortos, grass]
- Specific epithet:
indecorus
- Ownbey & M. Peck, Leafl. W. Bot. 7: 191. 1954.
- Botanical name: - Calochortus indecorus Ownbey & M.Peck
- Specific epithet:
indecorus
- Ownbey & M. Peck, Leafl. W. Bot. 7: 191. 1954.
- Genus:
Calochortus
(
- Family:
Lasiocampoidea
(
- Order:
Liliales
(
- Class:
Liliopsida
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
Notes
Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Similar Species
Members of the genus Calochortus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 216 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
C. acuminatus · C. albus (White Fairy-Lantern) · C. albus rubellus · C. albus var. rubellus · C. amabile · C. amabilis (Golden Fairy Lantern) · C. ambiguus (Doubting Mariposa Lily) · C. amoenus (Purple Fairy-Lantern) · C. anabilis · C. apiculatus (Pointedtip Mariposa Lily) · C. argillosus (Clay Mariposa Lily) · C. aureus (Golden Mariposa Lily) · C. balsensis · C. barbatus · C. barbatus var. chihuahuaensis · C. barbatus var. chihuahuanus · C. barnardi · C. benthami · C. bonplandianus · C. bruneaunis (Bruneau Mariposa Lily) · C. caeruleus (Beavertail Mariposa Lily) · C. caeruleus (Kellogg) S.Watson var. caeruleus (Kellogg) S.Watson · C. campestris · C. catalinae (Santa Catalina Mariposa Lily) · C. catalinae var. carteri (Santa Catalina Mariposa Lily) · C. cernuus · C. ciliatus · C. citrinus · C. clavatus (Club-Haired Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus S.Watson var. clavatus S.Watson (Club-Haired Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus pallidus var. pallidus · C. clavatus recurvifolius (Arroyo De La Cruz Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus recurvifolius var. recurvifolius · C. clavatus var. avius (Clubhair Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus var. clavatus (Clubhair Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus var. gracilis (Slender Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus var. pallidus (Clubhair Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus var. recurvifolius (Arroyo De La Cruz Mariposa Lily) · C. coeruleus · C. coeruleus var. coeruleus (Beavertail Grass) · C. collinus · C. comosus · C. concolor (Golden-Bowl Mariposa Lily) · C. concolor var. glabrata (Goldenbowl Mariposa Lily) · C. coxii (Cox´s Mariposa-Lily) · C. 'Cupido' · C. cyaneus · C. davidsonianus · C. discolor · C. dunnii (Dunn´s Mariposa-Lily) · C. elegans (Northwestern Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. elegans Pursh (Elegant Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. nanus Wood (Dwarf Elegant Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. elegans (Elegant Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. major · C. elegans var. minor · C. elegans var. nanus (Elegant Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. oreophilus (Elegant Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. selwayensis (Selway Mariposa Lily) · C. englerianus · C. eurycarpus (Big-Pod Mariposa Lily) · C. euumbellatus · C. excavatus (Inyo County Mariposa Lily) · C. exilis · C. fimbriatus · C. flavus · C. flexuosus (Weak-Stemmed Mariposa Lily) · C. foliosus · C. fuscus · C. galei · C. ghiesbreghtianus · C. ghiesbreghtii · C. glaucus · C. grandiflorus · C. greenei (Greene's Mariposa Lily) · C. greenei var. calvus · C. gunnisoni · C. gunnisonii (Gunnison's Mariposa Lily) · C. gunnisonii S.Watson var. gunnisonii S.Watson (Gunnison's Mariposa Lily) · C. gunnisonii perpulcher · C. gunnisonii var. gunnisonii (Gunnison's Mariposa Lily) · C. gunnisonii var. immaculatus · C. gunnisonii var. perpulcher (Gunnison's Mariposa Lily) · C. hartwegii · C. hintoni · C. hintonii · C. holtzei · C. howellii (Howell's Mariposa Lily) · C. indecorus (Sexton Mountain Mariposa Lily) · C. invenustus (Plain Mariposa Lily) · C. invenustus atlantica (Plain Mariposa Lily) · C. invenustus var. inverta (Plain Mariposa Lily) · C. invenustus var. montanus · C. invenustus var. vesicaria (Plain Mariposa Lily) · C. kennedyi (Desert Mariposa Lily) · C. kennedyi var. kennedyi (Desert Mariposa Lily) · C. kennedyi var. munzii (Yellow Desert Mariposa) · C. lanternus · C. leichtlinii (Leichtlin's Mariposa Lily) · C. lilacinus
More Info
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- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- Buxbaum, F. 1958. Der morphologische Typus und die systematische Stellung der Gattung Calochortus. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 34: 405-452.
- Ness, B. D. 1989. Seed morphology and taxonomic relationships in Calochortus (Liliaceae). Syst. Bot. 14: 495-505.
- Ownbey, M. 1940. A monograph of the genus Calochortus. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 371-560.
- Ownbey, M. 1969. Calochortus. Univ. Wash. Publ. Bot. 17: 765-779.
Notes
Contributors
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2005. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. [http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Taxonomicon/]. Access date: Nov 23, 2005
- "Calochortus indecorus". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 120, 127. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
- USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
- World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:
- Oregon State University: Vascular Plant Collection
- USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2662498
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-301703
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:532418-1
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 42851
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 532418-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMLIL0D0L0
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CAIN18
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 25787
Footnotes
- P. L. Fiedler & R. K. Zebell "Calochortus". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 15, 51, 57, 119. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
