Calochortus nudus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Vulnerable

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Liliaceae

Herbs perennial , with a rhizome, bulb, or corm, rarely shrubby or treelike. Leaves basal and/or cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled , parallel or rarely reticulate veined. Inflorescence a raceme , panicle, spike, umbel, reduced panicle, or other, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual , rarely unisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic; bracts present or absent; bracteoles present or absent. Perianth usually corollalike, 6-merous, rarely 4- or 8-merous, in 2 whorls; segments free (tepals) or united . Stamens 6, rarely 3, 4, or 8, inserted opposite perianth segments; filaments free or adnate to perianth, rarely connate into a corona ; anthers usually 2-loculed, basifixed or dorsifixed and versatile, introrse , latrorse , or extrorse , dehiscing usually by vertical slits. Carpels usually connate for most or all of their length , rarely only at base ; ovary superior, rarely semi-inferior, 3-loculed, rarely 2- or 4-loculed, with axile placentae, or rarely 1-loculed with a parietal placenta; ovules usually anatropous . Nectaries septal, perigonal, or absent. Fruit a capsule or berry. Seeds with abundant endosperm and small embryo.

About 250 genera and 3500 species: worldwide, especially in temperate and subtropical regions; 57 genera (three endemic, two introduced ) and 726 species (379 endemic, 11 introduced) in China.[1]

Genus Calochortus

Herbs, perennial , sometimes from bulbs; bulb coat membranous or fibrous-reticulate. Stems scapelike or leafy, simple or branched, glabrous , often glaucous; bulblets sometimes borne in leaf axils . Leaves sessile; basal persistent or withering by flowering, solitary, blade base sometimes attenuate and petiolelike; cauline 0-several, sometimes proximalmost appearing as basal, reduced. Inflorescences monochasiate or ± umbellate , 1-many-flowered, bracteate . Flowers: perianth globose to broadly campanulate ; sepals 3, distinct , ovate to lanceolate, usually petaloid and glabrous; petals 3, distinct, usually longer and broader than sepals, sometimes clawed, usually hairy adaxially, bearing adaxial gland near base, often spotted to ± patterned; filaments widened at base; anthers usually basifixed or pseudobasifixed, linear to oblong ; ovary superior; style absent; stigmas 3. Fruits capsular , 3-locular, 3-angled or -winged, linear, oblong, or globular , dehiscence septicidal . Seeds many, in 2 rows per locule, irregular or flat, coat usually hexagonally reticulate .

Species ca. 70: w North America, Central America.

Many species of Calochortus are in cultivation. Bulbs of some species were eaten by Native Americans. Petal shape, gland shape, and pubescence are exceedingly variable in many taxa but often are important in identifying species.

As part of a phylogenetic analysis of relationships within the Liliales, T. B . Patterson (1998) studied variation in noncoding cpDNA sequences throughout Calochortus. He resolved seven main clades that are geographically and ecologically strongly cohesive, including the mariposas of dry grasslands and semideserts, the star-tulips of wet meadows, the cat's ears of montane woodlands, and the fairy lanterns of closed forests . Patterson suggested that this pattern of relationships is the result of highly localized speciation within the genus.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Moist grassy areas, meadows, lake and bog margins ; 1200--2500 m (Ref. 52778).

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial

Taxonomy

Synonyms

C. shastensis Purdy • Calochortus nudus var. shastensis (Purdy) Jepson • Calochortus shastensis Purdy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 06-Jan-2005

Similar Species

Members of the genus Calochortus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 109 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. albus (Fairy Lantern) · C. amabilis (Diogenes Lantern) · C. ambiguus (Doubting Mariposa Lily) · C. amoenus (Purple Fairy-Lantern) · C. apiculatus (Baker Mariposa Lily) · C. argillosus (Clay Mariposa Lily) · C. aureus (Golden Mariposa) · C. bruneaunis (Bruneau Mariposa) · C. caeruleus (Beavertail Grass) · C. catalinae (Catalina Mariposa Lily) · C. catalinae var. carteri (Santa Catalina Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus (Club-Haired Mariposa) · C. clavatus recurvifolius (Arroyo De La Cruz Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus S.Watson var. clavatus S.Watson (Clubhair Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus var. avius (Clubhair Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus var. clavatus (Clubhair Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus var. gracilis (Slender Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus var. pallidus (Clubhair Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus var. recurvifolius (Arroyo De La Cruz Mariposa Lily) · C. coeruleus var. coeruleus (Beavertail Grass) · C. concolor (Golden-Bowl Mariposa) · C. concolor var. glabrata (Goldenbowl Mariposa Lily) · C. coxii (Cox's Mariposa Lily) · C. dunnii (Dunn's Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans (Elegant Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. elegans (Elegant Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. elegans Pursh (Elegant Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. nanus (Elegant Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. nanus Wood (Dwarf Elegant Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. oreophilus (Elegant Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. selwayensis (Selway Mariposa Lily) · C. eurycarpus (Big-Pod Mariposa Lily) · C. excavatus (Inyo County Mariposa Lily) · C. flexuosus (Bent-Stem Mariposa) · C. greenei (Greene's Mariposa Lily) · C. gunnisonii (Gunnison Mariposa) · C. gunnisonii S.Watson var. gunnisonii S.Watson (Gunnison Mariposa Lily) · C. gunnisonii var. gunnisonii (Gunnison's Mariposa Lily) · C. gunnisonii var. perpulcher (Gunnison's Mariposa Lily) · C. howellii (Howell's Mariposa Lily) · C. indecorus (Sexton Mountain Mariposa Lily) · C. invenustus (Plain Mariposa) · C. invenustus atlantica (Plain Mariposa Lily) · C. invenustus var. inverta (Plain Mariposa Lily) · C. invenustus var. vesicaria (Plain Mariposa Lily) · C. kennedyi (Desert Mariposa) · C. kennedyi var. kennedyi (Desert Mariposa Lily) · C. kennedyi var. munzii (Munzs Mariposa) · C. leichtlinii (Leichtlin's Mariposa Lily) · C. longebarbatus (Long-Beard Mariposa Lily) · C. longebarbatus S.Watson var. longebarbatus S.Watson (Longbeard Mariposa Lily) · C. longebarbatus S.Watson var. peckii Ownbey (Longbeard Mariposa Lily) · C. longebarbatus var. longebarbatus (Longbeard Mariposa Lily) · C. longebarbatus var. peckii (Longbeard Mariposa Lily) · C. luteus (Cat's Ear) · C. luteus 'Golden Orb' (Yellow Mariposa Lily) · C. lyallii (Lyall's Mariposa Lily) · C. macrocarpus (Green-Band Mariposa Lily) · C. macrocarpus Douglas var. macrocarpus Douglas (Sagebrush Mariposa Lily) · C. macrocarpus var. macrocarpus (Sagebrush Mariposa Lily) · C. macrocarpus var. maculosus (Nez Perce Mariposa Lily) · C. minimus (Sierra Mariposa Lily) · C. monanthus (Shasta River Mariposa Lily) · C. monanthus var. monile (Shasta River Mariposa Lily) · C. monophyllus (Cat's Ear) · C. nitidus (Big-Podded Mariposa) · C. nudus (Naked Mariposa Lily) · C. nuttallii (Nuttall's Mariposa Lily) · C. obispoensis (San Luis Mariposa) · C. palmeri (Palmer Mariposa Lily) · C. palmeri var. munzii (Munz's Mariposa Lily) · C. palmeri var. munzii Ownbey (Munz's Mariposa Lily) · C. palmeri var. palmeri (Palmer's Mariposa Lily) · C. palmeri var. palmeri S.Watson (Palmer's Mariposa Lily) · C. panamintensis (Panamint Mountain Mariposa Lily) · C. persistens (Siskiyou Mariposa Lily) · C. plummerae (Plummer's Mariposa Lily) · C. pulchellus (Mount Diablo Fairy Lantern) · C. pulchellus var. pulcherrima (Mount Diablo Fairy-Lantern) · C. pulchellus var. tuberosus (Mount Diablo Fairy-Lantern) · C. raichei (Cedars Mariposa Lily) · C. simulans (San Luis Obispo Mariposa Lily) · C. splendens (Desert Senna) · C. splendens 'Violet Queen' (Mariposa Lily) · C. striatus (Alkali Mariposa Lily) · C. striatus stevenii (Alkali Mariposa Lily) · C. striatus var. steenensis (Alkali Mariposa Lily) · C. subalpinus (Alpine Pussy Ears) · C. subalpinus suksdorfii (Subalpine Mariposa Lily) · C. subalpinus var. aquatilis (Subalpine Mariposa Lily) · C. subalpinus var. rapa (Subalpine Mariposa Lily) · C. subalpinus var. sulcatum (Subalpine Mariposa Lily) · C. superbus (Superb Mariposa) · C. tiburonensis (Tiburon Mariposa) · C. tolmiei (Cat's Ear) · C. umbellatus (Oakland Mariposa Lily) · C. umpquaensis (Umpqua Mariposa Lily) · C. uniflorus (Monterey Mariposa Lily) · C. uniflorus 'Cupido' (Mariposa) · C. venustus (Beautiful Mariposa)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A Yosemite flora; a descriptive account of the ferns and flowering plants, including the trees, of the Yosemite National Park; with simple keys for their identification. .. by Harvey Monroe Hall and Carlotta Case Hall. San Francisco, Elder, 1912. url p. 57.
• A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 301, p. 301.
• A popular California flora: or, Manual of botany for beginners with illustrated introductory lessons, especially adapted to the Pacific Coast; to which is added an analytical key to west coast botany, containing brief descripti by Volney Rattan. San Francisco: Whitaker & Ray, 1896. url p. 121.
• A provisional host-index of the fungi of the United States, by W. G. Farlow and A. B. Seymour. Cambridge, 1888-91. url p. 137.
• A report upon the boreal flora of the Sierra Nevada of California / by Frank Jason Smiley. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1921. url p. 138.
• American plants. .. [Descriptions, bibliographical notes, synonymy, and other information, comp. from many sources] Charles Russell Orcutt, editor. San Diego, Calif., [1907]-1910. url p. 530.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 436.
• Botany Cambridge, Mass., John Wilson and Son, 1880 url p. 174.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 7 1921 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 455.
• Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences. [S.l.: The Academy], 1884- url p. 34.
• Bulletin. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco. San Francisco url p. 34.
• California native plantsman: UC Berkeley Botanical Garden, Tilden Botanic Garden: with an introduction by Walter Knight; interviews conducted by Suzanne B. Riess in 1990. url p. 146.
• Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url p. 2010, p. 2015, p. 2048.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 25 1925 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 124, p. 204.
• Field book of western wild flowers, by Margaret Armstrong in collaboration with J.J. Thornber. .. with five hundred illustrations in black and white, and forty-eight plates in color drawn from nature by the author. 1915 London, C. [sic] P. Putnam's Sons, 1915. url p. 583, p. 583.
• Garden and forest; a journal of horticulture, landscape art and forestry. New York: The Garden and forest publishing co., 1888-97. url p. 430, p. 611, p. 612.
• North American fauna. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 139.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, Calif.: The Academy, 1897-1904. url , .
• Proceedings. 3d ser.: Botany. San Francisco url p. 113, p. 123.
• Results of a biological survey of Mount Shasta, California, Washington, Govt Print. Off., 1899. url .
• Results of a biological survey of mount Shasta, California, by C. Hart Merriam, chief of Divison of Biological Survey. Washington, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Div. of Biological Survey: 1899. url p. 139.
• The West American scientist. San Diego, Calif.: C.R. Orcutt, 1884-1919. url .
• University of California publications in botany. Berkeley, Calif., University of California Press, 1902-2001. url p. 138.
• Zoe:a biological journal. 3 1892 San Diego, Calif. [etc.]Zoe Publishing Co. url p. 130, p. 130.
• Wang Fa-tsuan & Tang Tsin, eds. 1978; 1980. Liliaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 15: 1--280; 14: 1--308.
• Buxbaum, F. 1958. Der morphologische Typus und die systematische Stellung der Gattung Calochortus. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 34: 405-452.
• Ness, B. D. 1989. Seed morphology and taxonomic relationships in Calochortus (Liliaceae). Syst. Bot. 14: 495-505.
• Ownbey, M. 1940. A monograph of the genus Calochortus. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 371-560.
• Ownbey, M. 1969. Calochortus. Univ. Wash. Publ. Bot. 17: 765-779.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• "Calochortus nudus". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 121, 126, 128. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed February 28, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 3 providers.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
• USDA, NRCS. 2005. The PLANTS Database, Version 3.5 (http://plants.usda.gov). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA.
• World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Release date: November 27, 2009

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal February 28, 2008:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums: University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Oregon State University: Vascular Plant Collection
• USDA PLANTS: USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2662508
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-301740
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:532446-1
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 42862
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 532446-1
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMLIL0D0Z0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CASH5
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 27054

Footnotes

1. Xinqi Chen, Prof. Song-Yun Liang, Jie-mei Xu, David E. Boufford, Michael G. Gilbert, Rudolf V. Kamelin, Shoichi Kawano, Tetsuo Koyama, Elena V. Mordak, Junko Noguchi, Victor G. Soukup, Hiroshi Takahashi, Kamilla G. Tamanian, Minoru N. Tamura & Nicholas J. Turland "Liliaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 73. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. P. L. Fiedler & R. K. Zebell "Calochortus". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 15, 51, 57, 119. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.