Calochortus clavatus var. clavatus

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Liliaceae

Herbs perennial , with a rhizome, bulb, or corm, rarely shrubby or treelike. Leaves basal and/or cauline, alternate, opposite, or whorled , parallel or rarely reticulate veined. Inflorescence a raceme , panicle, spike, umbel, reduced panicle, or other, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual , rarely unisexual , actinomorphic , rarely zygomorphic; bracts present or absent; bracteoles present or absent. Perianth usually corollalike, 6-merous, rarely 4- or 8-merous, in 2 whorls; segments free (tepals) or united . Stamens 6, rarely 3, 4, or 8, inserted opposite perianth segments; filaments free or adnate to perianth, rarely connate into a corona ; anthers usually 2-loculed, basifixed or dorsifixed and versatile, introrse , latrorse , or extrorse , dehiscing usually by vertical slits. Carpels usually connate for most or all of their length , rarely only at base ; ovary superior, rarely semi-inferior, 3-loculed, rarely 2- or 4-loculed, with axile placentae, or rarely 1-loculed with a parietal placenta; ovules usually anatropous . Nectaries septal, perigonal, or absent. Fruit a capsule or berry. Seeds with abundant endosperm and small embryo.

About 250 genera and 3500 species: worldwide, especially in temperate and subtropical regions; 57 genera (three endemic, two introduced ) and 726 species (379 endemic, 11 introduced) in China.[1]

Genus Calochortus

Herbs, perennial , sometimes from bulbs; bulb coat membranous or fibrous-reticulate. Stems scapelike or leafy, simple or branched, glabrous , often glaucous; bulblets sometimes borne in leaf axils . Leaves sessile; basal persistent or withering by flowering, solitary, blade base sometimes attenuate and petiolelike; cauline 0-several, sometimes proximalmost appearing as basal, reduced. Inflorescences monochasiate or ± umbellate , 1-many-flowered, bracteate . Flowers: perianth globose to broadly campanulate ; sepals 3, distinct , ovate to lanceolate, usually petaloid and glabrous; petals 3, distinct, usually longer and broader than sepals, sometimes clawed, usually hairy adaxially, bearing adaxial gland near base, often spotted to ± patterned; filaments widened at base; anthers usually basifixed or pseudobasifixed, linear to oblong ; ovary superior; style absent; stigmas 3. Fruits capsular , 3-locular, 3-angled or -winged, linear, oblong, or globular , dehiscence septicidal . Seeds many, in 2 rows per locule, irregular or flat, coat usually hexagonally reticulate .

Species ca. 70: w North America, Central America.

Many species of Calochortus are in cultivation. Bulbs of some species were eaten by Native Americans. Petal shape, gland shape, and pubescence are exceedingly variable in many taxa but often are important in identifying species.

As part of a phylogenetic analysis of relationships within the Liliales, T. B . Patterson (1998) studied variation in noncoding cpDNA sequences throughout Calochortus. He resolved seven main clades that are geographically and ecologically strongly cohesive, including the mariposas of dry grasslands and semideserts, the star-tulips of wet meadows, the cat's ears of montane woodlands, and the fairy lanterns of closed forests . Patterson suggested that this pattern of relationships is the result of highly localized speciation within the genus.[2]

Taxonomy

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 18-Nov-2005

Similar Species

Members of the genus Calochortus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 109 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

C. albus (Fairy Lantern) · C. amabilis (Diogenes Lantern) · C. ambiguus (Doubting Mariposa Lily) · C. amoenus (Purple Fairy-Lantern) · C. apiculatus (Baker Mariposa Lily) · C. argillosus (Clay Mariposa Lily) · C. aureus (Golden Mariposa) · C. bruneaunis (Bruneau Mariposa) · C. caeruleus (Beavertail Grass) · C. catalinae (Catalina Mariposa Lily) · C. catalinae var. carteri (Santa Catalina Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus (Club-Haired Mariposa) · C. clavatus recurvifolius (Arroyo De La Cruz Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus S.Watson var. clavatus S.Watson (Clubhair Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus var. avius (Clubhair Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus var. clavatus (Clubhair Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus var. gracilis (Slender Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus var. pallidus (Clubhair Mariposa Lily) · C. clavatus var. recurvifolius (Arroyo De La Cruz Mariposa Lily) · C. coeruleus var. coeruleus (Beavertail Grass) · C. concolor (Golden-Bowl Mariposa) · C. concolor var. glabrata (Goldenbowl Mariposa Lily) · C. coxii (Cox's Mariposa Lily) · C. dunnii (Dunn's Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans (Elegant Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. elegans (Elegant Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. elegans Pursh (Elegant Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. nanus (Elegant Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. nanus Wood (Dwarf Elegant Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. oreophilus (Elegant Mariposa Lily) · C. elegans var. selwayensis (Selway Mariposa Lily) · C. eurycarpus (Big-Pod Mariposa Lily) · C. excavatus (Inyo County Mariposa Lily) · C. flexuosus (Bent-Stem Mariposa) · C. greenei (Greene's Mariposa Lily) · C. gunnisonii (Gunnison Mariposa) · C. gunnisonii S.Watson var. gunnisonii S.Watson (Gunnison Mariposa Lily) · C. gunnisonii var. gunnisonii (Gunnison's Mariposa Lily) · C. gunnisonii var. perpulcher (Gunnison's Mariposa Lily) · C. howellii (Howell's Mariposa Lily) · C. indecorus (Sexton Mountain Mariposa Lily) · C. invenustus (Plain Mariposa) · C. invenustus atlantica (Plain Mariposa Lily) · C. invenustus var. inverta (Plain Mariposa Lily) · C. invenustus var. vesicaria (Plain Mariposa Lily) · C. kennedyi (Desert Mariposa) · C. kennedyi var. kennedyi (Desert Mariposa Lily) · C. kennedyi var. munzii (Munzs Mariposa) · C. leichtlinii (Leichtlin's Mariposa Lily) · C. longebarbatus (Long-Beard Mariposa Lily) · C. longebarbatus S.Watson var. longebarbatus S.Watson (Longbeard Mariposa Lily) · C. longebarbatus S.Watson var. peckii Ownbey (Longbeard Mariposa Lily) · C. longebarbatus var. longebarbatus (Longbeard Mariposa Lily) · C. longebarbatus var. peckii (Longbeard Mariposa Lily) · C. luteus (Cat's Ear) · C. luteus 'Golden Orb' (Yellow Mariposa Lily) · C. lyallii (Lyall's Mariposa Lily) · C. macrocarpus (Green-Band Mariposa Lily) · C. macrocarpus Douglas var. macrocarpus Douglas (Sagebrush Mariposa Lily) · C. macrocarpus var. macrocarpus (Sagebrush Mariposa Lily) · C. macrocarpus var. maculosus (Nez Perce Mariposa Lily) · C. minimus (Sierra Mariposa Lily) · C. monanthus (Shasta River Mariposa Lily) · C. monanthus var. monile (Shasta River Mariposa Lily) · C. monophyllus (Cat's Ear) · C. nitidus (Big-Podded Mariposa) · C. nudus (Naked Mariposa Lily) · C. nuttallii (Nuttall's Mariposa Lily) · C. obispoensis (San Luis Mariposa) · C. palmeri (Palmer Mariposa Lily) · C. palmeri var. munzii (Munz's Mariposa Lily) · C. palmeri var. munzii Ownbey (Munz's Mariposa Lily) · C. palmeri var. palmeri (Palmer's Mariposa Lily) · C. palmeri var. palmeri S.Watson (Palmer's Mariposa Lily) · C. panamintensis (Panamint Mountain Mariposa Lily) · C. persistens (Siskiyou Mariposa Lily) · C. plummerae (Plummer's Mariposa Lily) · C. pulchellus (Mount Diablo Fairy Lantern) · C. pulchellus var. pulcherrima (Mount Diablo Fairy-Lantern) · C. pulchellus var. tuberosus (Mount Diablo Fairy-Lantern) · C. raichei (Cedars Mariposa Lily) · C. simulans (San Luis Obispo Mariposa Lily) · C. splendens (Desert Senna) · C. splendens 'Violet Queen' (Mariposa Lily) · C. striatus (Alkali Mariposa Lily) · C. striatus stevenii (Alkali Mariposa Lily) · C. striatus var. steenensis (Alkali Mariposa Lily) · C. subalpinus (Alpine Pussy Ears) · C. subalpinus suksdorfii (Subalpine Mariposa Lily) · C. subalpinus var. aquatilis (Subalpine Mariposa Lily) · C. subalpinus var. rapa (Subalpine Mariposa Lily) · C. subalpinus var. sulcatum (Subalpine Mariposa Lily) · C. superbus (Superb Mariposa) · C. tiburonensis (Tiburon Mariposa) · C. tolmiei (Cat's Ear) · C. umbellatus (Oakland Mariposa Lily) · C. umpquaensis (Umpqua Mariposa Lily) · C. uniflorus (Monterey Mariposa Lily) · C. uniflorus 'Cupido' (Mariposa) · C. venustus (Beautiful Mariposa)

More Info

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Further Reading

• Wang Fa-tsuan & Tang Tsin, eds. 1978; 1980. Liliaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 15: 1--280; 14: 1--308.
• Buxbaum, F. 1958. Der morphologische Typus und die systematische Stellung der Gattung Calochortus. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 34: 405-452.
• Ness, B. D. 1989. Seed morphology and taxonomic relationships in Calochortus (Liliaceae). Syst. Bot. 14: 495-505.
• Ownbey, M. 1940. A monograph of the genus Calochortus. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 371-560.
• Ownbey, M. 1969. Calochortus. Univ. Wash. Publ. Bot. 17: 765-779.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Identifiers

• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Kew-311751
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13894784
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1501953

Footnotes

1. Xinqi Chen, Prof. Song-Yun Liang, Jie-mei Xu, David E. Boufford, Michael G. Gilbert, Rudolf V. Kamelin, Shoichi Kawano, Tetsuo Koyama, Elena V. Mordak, Junko Noguchi, Victor G. Soukup, Hiroshi Takahashi, Kamilla G. Tamanian, Minoru N. Tamura & Nicholas J. Turland "Liliaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 73. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. P. L. Fiedler & R. K. Zebell "Calochortus". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 15, 51, 57, 119. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.