Callitriche palustris
(Spiny Waterstarwort, Spring Waterstarwort, Vernal Water Starwort, Vernal Water-Starwort, Vernal Waterstarwort)Conservation Status
Population Analysis
- For the 835,580 species in the Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons), we average 4.30 observations each in our database; for the Vernal Water Starwort, we have 978 observations. Compared to other species in this Class, this species is extremely common.
- A two-sample t-test can be used to determine whether the trend in observations of the Vernal Water Starwort is the same as the trend in observations of Magnoliopsida. Is this species just as common, as a proportion of all observations, as it once was? The answer is no, changes in observation rate of this species significantly differ from changes in observation rate of its Class. (t=3.187, p<0.001)
- How do observation rates of the Vernal Water Starwort differ from those of Magnoliopsida? To answer this, we examined the percentage of observerations for Magnoliopsida that were observations of the Vernal Water Starwort each year. We then correlated this percentage with observation year. If observations of the Vernal Water Starwort are becoming more common relative to other species of Magnoliopsida, the correlation should be positive, but if it is becoming less common, the correlation should be negative. In fact, the correlation is negative (r=-.39), with a negative slope (m = -.000), suggesting that the Vernal Water Starwort may be in decline relative to other species of Magnoliopsida. This correlation is statistically significant. (F = 99.09, p<.05)
- The scatter chart to the right shows the percentage of all observations for Magnoliopsida each year that were observations of the Vernal Water Starwort.
Taxonomy
- Kingdom: Plantae
- Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
- Vascular Plants
- Class: Magnoliopsida
- Dicotyledons
- Order: Callitrichales
- Family: Calliduloidea
- Subfamily: Faboideae
- Tribe: Callitricheae
- Genus: Callitriche
(kal-LIT-rik-ee)
Linnaeus, 1753 - Sedge
- Specific epithet: palustris L.
- Botanical name: Callitriche palustris L.
- Specific epithet: palustris L.
- Genus: Callitriche
(kal-LIT-rik-ee)
Linnaeus, 1753 - Sedge
- Tribe: Callitricheae
- Subfamily: Faboideae
- Family: Calliduloidea
- Order: Callitrichales
- Class: Magnoliopsida
- Dicotyledons
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
- Vascular Plants
Unambiguous Synonyms:
- Callitriche palustris var. verna (L.) Fenley ex Jepson
- Callitriche verna L.
Notes:
Publishing author: L. Publication: Fl. Suec., ed. 2 (Linnaeus) 2 1755 [Oct 1755]
Name Status: Accepted Name. Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Place of publication: Sp. pl. 2:969. 1753
Name verified on 25-May-2006 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 25-May-2006
Physical Description
Subfamily Faboideae:
Mostly herbs, shrubs, or trees. Leaves pinnate or palmate to trifoliolate or apparently simple. Corolla usually, showy, zygomorphic, the petals imbricate, posterior (upper or banner) petal outermost in bud. Stamens 10 or 9 + 1 (diadelphous), not showy. Pollen released in monads. Seeds with u-shaped line (pleurogram) lacking. [Carr]
Habit: Forb/herb
Images:
Distribution
Range and Population
North America
Native: Alberta, Arizona, British Columbia, Buryatia, California, Chita, Colorado, Connecticut, Gorno-Altay, Honshu, Idaho, Iowa, Irkutsk, Kansas, Kemerovo, Krasnoyarsk, Kurgan, Kyushu, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Newfoundland, North Dakota, Nova Scotia, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Prince Edward Island, Rhode Island, Ryukyu Islands, Saskatchewan, South Dakota, Tomsk, Tuva, Tyumen, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Similar Species
Members of the genus Callitriche:
There are approximately 197 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them: C. brutia hamulata · C. hermaphroditica exalata · C. acroptera · C. aeolica · C. aestivalis · C. alata · C. albomarginata · C. alpina · C. amblyocarpa · C. anceps heterophylla · C. anceps subsp. subanceps · C. androgyna · C. angustifolia · C. anisoptera · C. antarctica · C. aquatica · C. asagraei · C. attenuata · C. aucklandica · C. austini · C. autumnalis f. macrocarpa · C. autumnalis var. bicarpellaris · C. autumnalis var. linearis · C. bengalensis · C. berteroniana · C. bifida · C. bolusiana · C. bolusii · C. brachycarpa · C. brevifolia · C. brevistyla · C. bruita · C. brutia · C. brutia subsp. hamulata · C. brutia var. hamulata · C. capillaris · C. capricorni · C. cespitosa · C. christensenii · C. compressa · C. confervoides · C. connata · C. cophocarpa · C. cribosa · C. cribrosa · C. cruciata · C. cuneifolia · C. cyclocarpa · C. cycloptera · C. decussata · C. deflexa var. austini · C. deflexa var. brauniana · C. deflexa var. glaziovii · C. dioica · C. drummondi · C. drummondii · C. dubia · C. elegans · C. euautumnalis · C. euverna · C. exalata · C. fallax · C. fassetti · C. fassettii (Fassett's Water-Starwort) · C. favargeri · C. fehmedianii · C. fimbriata · C. foliosa · C. font-queri · C. fontana · C. fuscicarpa · C. genuina · C. glareosa · C. glomerata · C. graminea · C. hamulata · C. hedbergiorum · C. hemophroditica · C. hermaphrodita · C. hermaphroditica (Autumn Water Starwort) · C. hermaphroditica subsp. exalata · C. hermaphroditica subsp. macrocarpa · C. hermaphroditica var. bicarpellaris · C. herophylla · C. heterophylla (Differentleaf Waterstarwort) · C. heterophylla bolanderi (Bolander's Water-Starwort) · C. heterophylla heterophylla (Differentleaf Waterstarwort) · C. heterophylla subsp. bolanderi · C. heteropoda · C. hetrophylla · C. hybrida · C. intermedia (Intermediate Water-Starwort) · C. intermedia hamulata (Narrowleaf Waterstarwort) · C. japonica · C. keniensis · C. kuetzingi · C. laticarpa · C. latifolia · C. lechleri · C. lechleri var. berteroana
Bibliography
- Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959–. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae. (F China)
- Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. (F Turk)
- Fassett, N. C. 1951. Rhodora 53:168. [= C. verna L.].
- Foreman, D. B. & N. G. Walsh. 1993–. Flora of Victoria. (F Victoria)
- Gleason, H. A. & A. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, ed. 2. (Glea Cron ed2)
- Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984–. Med-Checklist. (L Medit)
- Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993–. Flora of Japan. (F Japan)
- Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. (F USSR) [= C. verna L.].
- Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964–1980. Flora europaea. (F Eur)
- Wisskirchen, R. and Haeupler, H. (1998a): Standardliste der Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands, Stuttgart: Ulmer
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Notes
Contributors:
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed March 24, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 11 providers.
- The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)
Data Sources:
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 14, 2007:
- Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
- The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Botany
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Plants
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
- University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
- University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
- University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
- Utah Valley State College
- , Utah Valley State College Herbarium
Identifiers:
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 501143
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13758386
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:430030-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDCLL010F0
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CAVE2
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 26541
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