Description
Family Scrophulariaceae
Herbs, sometimes shrubs
, rarely trees
; mostly autotrophic, less often hemiparasitic or parasitic. Stipules absent. Leaves alternate, opposite, whorled
, or basally opposite and apically alternate, simple
or sometimes pinnately dissected
. Inflorescences racemes
, spikes, or thyrsoid
panicles, determinate or indeterminate, or flowers solitary. Flowers perfect
, usually zygomorphic, rarely actinomorphic
. Calyx often persistent
, (2-) 4- or 5-lobed or -parted, variously connate
. Corolla sympetalous
; limb (3 or) 4- or 5-lobed, often 2-lipped. Stamens mostly 4, didynamous
, sometimes 1 or 2 staminodes present, less often 2 or 5 stamens; anther
locules 1 or 2, equal or subequal
, free
or confluent
. Nectary
often present at base
of ovary, ringlike, cupular, or reduced to a gland
. Ovary superior, 2-loculed, rarely apically 1-loculed; ovules numerous
, rarely 2 per locule, on axile
placentas, anatropous
or hemitropous
. Style
simple; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, or 2-lamellate. Fruit a capsule, septicidal
, loculicidal, or septifragal, sometimes opening by pores
or irregularly dehiscent
, rarely a berry. Seeds minute or rarely conspicuous
, sometimes winged
; testa often reticulate
; hilum
lateral
or ventral
; endosperm fleshy
or absent; embryo straight or curved
.
About 220 genera and 4500 species: cosmopolitan
; 61 genera (seven endemic) and 681 species (415 endemic) throughout China but with a greater concentration in SW China.Deyuan Hong, Hanbi Yang, Cun-li Jin, Manfred A. Fischer, Noel H. Holmgren & Robert R. Mill "Scrophulariaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Flowering Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
()
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Dicotyledons
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
()
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Superorder:
Lamianae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Order:
Scrophulariales
()
- Lindley, 1833
- Family:
Scrophulariaceae
()
- Durande, 1782, Nom. Cons.
- Figwort Family
- Subfamily:
Scrophularioideae
()
- Tribe:
Calceolarieae
()
- Genus:
Calceolaria
()
- Linnaeus, 1770, nom. cons.
- Cultivar:
Sunset
- Botanical name: - Calceolaria 'Sunset'
- Cultivar:
Sunset
- Genus:
Calceolaria
(
- Tribe:
Calceolarieae
(
- Subfamily:
Scrophularioideae
(
- Family:
Scrophulariaceae
(
- Order:
Scrophulariales
(
- Superorder:
Lamianae
(
- Subclass:
Lamiidae
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Infraphylum:
Radiatopses
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Magnoliophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Similar Species
Members of the genus Calceolaria
There are approximately 921 species in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
C. 'Briga Elite' · C. 'Bright Bikini' · C. 'Brownii' · C. 'Camden Hero' · C. 'Gaines' Yellow' · C. 'Goldcrest' · C. 'Hall's Spotted' · C. 'Hort's Variety' · C. 'John Innes' · C. 'Kentish Hero' · C. 'Sir Daniel Hall' · C. 'Snowballs' · C. 'Stamford Park' · C. 'Stamford Pink' · C. 'Sunset Red Bicolor' · C. 'Sunset' · C. 'Sunshine Yellow' · C. 'Walter Shrimpton' (Walter Shrimpton Calceolaria Calceolaria) · C. aberrans · C. abscondita · C. aconcaguina · C. acuminata · C. acutifolia · C. adenanthera · C. adenanthera bracteata · C. adenanthera subsp. bracteata · C. adenocalyx · C. adscendens · C. adscendens var. coquimbensis · C. adscendens var. subincisa · C. aequilateralis · C. aff. pavonii · C. aiseniana · C. ajugoides · C. alata · C. alata antioquiensis · C. alata occidentalis · C. alata subsp. antioquiensis · C. alata subsp. occidentalis · C. alba (White Slipper Flower) · C. albula · C. algarrobensis · C. alicahuensis · C. alternifolia · C. altissima · C. ambigua · C. amoena · C. amplexicaulis · C. anagalloides · C. andicola · C. andina · C. andina var. andicola · C. andina var. nana · C. andina var. verbascifolia · C. angustata · C. angustiflora · C. angustifolia · C. anisanthera · C. annua · C. anomala · C. aperta · C. aperta subsp. incana · C. appendiculata · C. apurimacensis · C. aquatica · C. arachnoidea (Capachito) · C. arachnoidea nubigena · C. arachnoidea subsp. nubigena · C. arachnoidea var. lanata · C. arachnoidea var. viridis · C. arachnoideo-crenatiflora · C. araucana · C. arborea · C. arborescens · C. arbuscula · C. argentea · C. ascendens · C. ascendens glandulifera · C. ascendens pristiphylla · C. ascendens subsp. glandulifera · C. ascendens subsp. pristiphylla · C. ascendens var. chiloensis · C. ascendens var. coquimbensis · C. ascendens var. glandulifera · C. ascendens var. pristiphylla · C. asperula · C. atahualpae · C. atahualpae subsp. witasekiana · C. atahualpae witasekiana · C. atkinsiana · C. atropurpurea · C. atrovirens · C. aurea · C. auriculata · C. australis · C. balaensis · C. ballotifolia · C. bangii · C. banksii 'Stamford Park' · C. barbata
Bibliography
- Tsoong Puchiu & Yang Hanbi, eds. 1979. Scrophulariaceae (1). Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(2): 1-431. Tsoong Puchiu, ed. 1963. Scrophulariaceae (2). Fl. Reipulb. Popularis Sin. 68: 1-449.
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Notes
Contributors
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 24, 2006.
Identifiers
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 1007741
