Calandrinia umbellata

• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Portulacaceae

Herbs annual or perennial , rarely ± shrubby, usually succulent, usually glabrous except for nodal hairs and/or scales . Leaves alternate or opposite; true stipules absent, nodes sometimes with axillary scales and/or hairs; petiole usually poorly defined or absent; leaf blade simple , usually fleshy , margin entire. Inflorescences usually terminal , less often axillary , in cymes or racemelike panicles, forming heads of sessile flowers surrounded by an involucre of leaves, or reduced to solitary flowers. Bracts inconspicuous. Flowers bisexual , very rarely unisexual , actinomorphic . Sepals 2, free or basally connate , herbaceous or scarious . Petals 4-6 or seldom more, distinct or basally connate, imbricate, often brightly colored , usually short lived. Disk usually absent. Stamens 4-100, free, fascicled, or adnate to petals; filaments linear ; anthers 2-loculed, introrse , dehiscence longitudinal . Ovary superior or half-inferior, 1-loculed, 2-5-carpellate; ovules 1 to many, campylotropous; placentation basal or free-central . Style linear; stigma 2-9-lobed. Fruit a thin-walled capsule, circumscissile or 2- or 3-valved, rarely a nut, often globose or subglobose, smooth . Seeds many, reniform or globose, caruncle present or not; endosperm mostly copious , surrounded by embryo.

About 19 genera and 500 species: mainly in more arid regions of S hemisphere, especially Africa, South America, and Australia, fewer species in Asia, Europe, and North America; two genera (one introduced ) and six species (two endemic, two introduced) in China.[1]

Genus Calandrinia

Herbs, annual , not rhizomatous or stoloniferous . Stems prostrate to erect , branched; nodes glabrous . Leaves alternate, not articulate at base , somewhat to markedly clasping , attachment points linear ; blade linear to oblanceolate , or ovate to spatulate , flattened, glabrous or with elongate unicellular hairs . Inflorescences racemose, somewhat to markedly secund (at least distally), elongate, bracteate ; bracts leaflike. Flowers pedicellate ; sepals persistent in fruit, imbricate, green, distinctly angled or keeled , ovate, herbaceous, glabrous or with elongate, unicellular hairs; petals usually 5, red; stamens 3-15, usually opposite petals, not adnate to petals; ovules 6-many; style present; stigmas 3. Capsules 3-valved, longitudinally dehiscent from apex, valves not deciduous, reflexed after dehiscence, margins markedly involute ; endocarp and exocarp not separating. Seeds 10-20, black, ± ellipsoid , reticulate or tuberculate viewed at 30×, glabrous, estrophiolate. x = 12.

Species 14: temperate w Americas, with greater diversity in w South America.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,557 meters (0 to 14,951 feet).[3]

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 6-9" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. (map)

Taxonomy

Notes

Publishing author : Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. Publication : Bot. Misc. 3: 334 1833

Similar Species

Members of the genus Calandrinia

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 8 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

C. breweri (Brewer's Redmaids) · C. ciliata (Desert Rockpurslane) · C. grandiflora (Rock Purslane) · C. longiscapa (Calandrinia) · C. spectabilis (Rock Purslane) · C. umbellata (Red Maids) · C. umbellata 'Amaranth' (Red Maids) · C. umbellata 'Ruby Tuesday' (Redmaids)

More Info

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• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• A contribution to our knowledge of seedlings; by the Right Hon. Sir John Lubbock. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner, & co., ltd., 1892. url p. 225, p. 226, p. 229.
• A general history of the dichlamydeous plants, comprising complete descriptions of the different orders; together with the characters of the genera and species, and an enumeration of the cultivated varieties. .. the scientific names accentuated, t By George Don. London, J.G. and F. Rivington [etc.]1831-38. url p. 79.
• A manual of gardening for Bengal and Upper India. By Thomas A. C. Firminger. .. Calcutta, Thacker, Spink and co.; [etc., etc.]1874. url p. 297.
• A practical guide to garden plants, containing descriptions of the hardiest and most beautiful annuals and biennials, hardy herbaceous and bulbous perennials, hardy water and bog plants, flowering and ornamental trees and shrubs, conife London;Longmans, Green, 1901. url , p. 102, p. 92.
• Alpine flowers and rock gardens illustrated in colour / described by Walter P. Wright; with notes on "Alpine plants at home", by William Graveson. London: Headley Brothers, 1911. url p. 201.
• Alpine flowers for English gardens / by W. Robinson. London: Murray, 1879. url p. 195, p. 425, p. 428, p. 430, p. 431, p. 433, p. 435.
• Alpine flowers for gardens: rock, wall, marsh plants, and mountain shrubs / by W. Robinson. London: John Murray, 1903. url p. 181, p. 32.
• Alpine flowers for gardens; rock, wall, marsh plants, and mountain shrubs, by W. Robinson. London, J. Murray, 1910. url p. 181, p. 32.
• Alpine plants, a practical manual for their culture, with a supplementary essay on The small rock-garden. London, C. Scribner's Sons, 1906, 1907. url .
• Alpines and bog-plants / by Reginald Farrer. London, Arnold, 1908. url .
• Alpines and bog-plants, London, E. Arnold, 1908. url .
• Applied and economic botany for students in technical and agricultural schools, pharmaceutical and medical colleges, for chemists, food analysts and for those engaged in the morphological and physiolo by Henry Kraemer, illustrated with 424 plates, comprising about 2000 figures New York, J. Wiley & Sons, inc.;[c1916] url p. 287.
• Applied and economic botany, especially adapted for the use of students in technical schools, agricultural, pharmaceutical and medical colleges, and also as a book of reference for chemists, food analysts and students engaged in by Henry Kraemer. .. illustrated with 424 plates, comprising about 2000 figures. Philadelphia, The author[c1914] url p. 287, p. 287.
• Beeton's Dictionary of everyday gardening. .. to which is added a monthly calendar of garden work throughout the year. London, Ward, Lock, 1909. url p. 81, p. 82.
• Field, forest, and garden botany; a simple introduction to the common plants of the United States east of the 100th meridian, both wild and cultivated, by Asa Gray. .. Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Company[1895] url p. 80.
• Flowers and the flower garden. With instructions on the culture of ornamental trees, shrubs, &c., &c. By Elizabeth Watts. .. London, F. Warne & Co., 1867. url p. 120, p. 183.
• Garden and forest; a journal of horticulture, landscape art and forestry. New York: The Garden and forest publishing co., 1888-97. url , p. 333.
• Gray's school and field book of botany. Consisting of "Lessons in botany, " and "Field, forest, and garden botany, " bound in one volume. New York, American book company, 1901?, c1887 url p. 80.
• Hand-list of herbaceous plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens. London, Printed for H. M. Stationery Off. by Darling, 1902. url p. 217.
• Handbook of hardy herbaceous and alpine flowers. Edinburgh, Blackwood, 1871. url p. 122.
• Handbook of hardy trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. .. Based on the French work of Messrs. Decaisne and Naudin. ..entitled 'Manuel de l'amateur des jardins, ' and including the original woodcuts by Riocreux and Leblanc. Boston, Estes & Lauriat, 1873. url .
• Hardy flowers. Descriptions of upwards of thirteen hundred of the most ornamental species, with directions for their arrangement, culture, etc.. .. By W. Robinson. London, Macmillan, 1878. url p. 79.
• Hooker's journal of botany and Kew Garden miscellany. 2 1850 London: Reeve, Benham, and Reeve, 1849-1857. url p. 160.
• Hortus Veitchii: a history of the rise and progress of the nurseries of Messrs. James Veitch and sons, together with an account of the botanical collectors and hybridists employed by them and a list of the most remark by James H. Veitch; with fifty illustrations. London: J. Veitch & sons, 1906. url p. 521.
• Lindley, J. Paxton's flower garden /by Professor Lindley and Sir Joseph Paxton. 1 1853 London: Bradbury and Evans, [1850]-1853. url p. 191.
• Manual of gardening; a practical guide to the making of home grounds and the growing of flowers, fruits, and vegetables for home use, New York, The Macmillan Company, 1917. url .
• My garden, by Louise Beebe Wilder. .. illustrated by Will Simmons. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page & company, [c1916] url p. 37, p. 37.
• New book of flowers / New York: Orange Judd & Company, c1866 url .
• New book of flowers. By Joseph Breck. New York, O. Judd & company[c1866] url p. 139.
• Nicholson, G. The illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopædia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists /edited by George Nicholson; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. .. 9 1884 London: L.U. Gill, [1884]-88. url p. 413, p. 418.
• Plants for California landscapes: a catalog of drought tolerant plants. [Sacramento, Calif.]: State of California, Resources Agency, Dept. of Water Resources, [1979] url p. 89.
• Rock gardening for amateurs, by H. H. Thomas assisted by S. Arnott; beautifully illustrated with twelve direct colour photographs by H. Essenhigh Corke, sixty-four half-tone plates and numerous sketches. London, Cassell and company, limited, 1914. url p. 209, p. 262, p. 266.
• Rock gardens: how to make and maintain them, London, Williams & Norgate, 1910. url p. 247.
• Rock gardens; how to make and maintain them, by Lewis B. Meredith, with an introduction by F. W. Moore. .. New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1914. url p. 247.
• Studies in gardening, New York, C. Scribner's sons, 1916. url , , .
• Studies in gardening, by A. Clutton Brock; with preface and notes by Mrs. Francis King. .. New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1916. url p. 11, p. 11, p. 179, p. 179, p. 180, p. 180.
• The English flower garden and home grounds: design and arrangement shown by existing examples of gardens in Great Britain and Ireland, followed by a description of the plants, shrubs, and trees for the open-air garden and their culture / by W. Robinson. London: J. Murray, 1911. url p. 466.
• The Farmer's magazine. London, Rogerson and Tuxford [etc.]. url p. 540.
• The Floral world and garden guide. London, Groombridge and Sons, 1858-1880. url p. 145, p. 209, p. 21, p. 283.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url , , , , , p. 116, p. 120, p. 14, p. 151, p. 187, p. 190, p. 203, p. 270, p. 292, p. 304, p. 349, p. 355, p. 370, p. 376, p. 382, p. 386, p. 415, p. 485, p. 51, p. 524, p. 534, p. 580, p. 67, p. 7, p. 77, p. 83, p. 89, p. 94, p. 95, p. 98.
• The Gardeners' chronicle and agricultural gazette. 1864 London: published for the proprietors, 1844-1873. url p. 317, p. 454, p. 481, p. 5, p. 601, p. 951.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url , , , , , p. 157, p. 173, p. 299, p. 386, p. 439, p. 475, p. 67.
• The Horticulturist and journal of rural art and rural taste. Albany, N.Y.: Luther Tucker, 1846-1875. url p. 145.
• The Illustrated dictionary of gardening: a practical and scientific encyclopaedia of horticulture for gardeners and botanists / edited by George Nicholson. ..; assisted by J.W.H. Trail. .. and J. Garrett. ... London: L. Upcott Gill; 1887-1889. url p. 235, p. 379, p. 418, p. 423.
• The Journal of horticulture, cottage gardener and country gentlemen. London: George W. Johnson and Robert Hogg, 1861-1877. url , , p. 115, p. 193, p. 202, p. 207, p. 241, p. 271, p. 293, p. 315, p. 348, p. 359, p. 366, p. 366, p. 398, p. 398, p. 454, p. 477, p. 5, p. 63.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 30 1895 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 470.
• The Magazine of horticulture, botany, and all useful discoveries and improvements in rural affairs. Boston: Hovey and Co., 1837- url p. 316, p. 321, p. 347.
• The Southern planter. Richmond, Va.: P.D. Bernard, 1841- url p. 682.
• The book of hardy flowers; a simple and complete descriptive guide to the cultivation in gardens of the trees and shrubs, perennial and annual flowers, that are hardy, or are suitable for planting out-of-doors in summer in temp Ed. by H. H. Thomas. .. Beautifully illustrated with thirty-two direct color photographs by H. Essenhigh Corke and sixty-four half-tone plates. 1915 New York, Funk & Wagnalls company; [etc., etc.][1915] url p. 78.
• The complete garden, by Albert D. Taylor, assisted by Gordon D. Cooper. Illustrated with fifty full page cuts, four line charts, and nine coloured plates. Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, Page, 1921. url , p. 184, p. 388, p. 388.
• The culture of vegetables and flowers from seeds and roots, by Sutton and sons. London, Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co. ltd., 1908. url p. 359.
• The encyclopedia of gardening. A dictionary of cultivated plants, etc., giving in alphabetical sequence the culture and propagation of hardy and half-hardy plants, trees and shrubs, orchids, ferns, fruit, vegetables, hothouse and g London, W. H. & L. Collingridge[1908] url .
• The garden... London, 1872- url p. 370.
• The journal of the Horticultural Society of London. London, [England]: Published for the Society, by Longman and Co., 1846-1855. url p. 55.
• The new gardening: a guide to the most recent developments in the culture of flowers, fruits, and vegetables, by Walter P. Wright. .. New York, Doubleday, Page and company, 1913. url p. 398, p. 98.
• The nursery-manual; a complete guide to the multiplication of plants, by L. H. Bailey. New York: Macmillan, [1920] url p. 265.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 1476.
• The wild garden; or, Our groves & shrubberies made beautiful. .. London, J. Murray, 1870. url , .
• Town gardening / by Mary Hampden. New York, C.Scribner's sons, 1922 url p. 23.
• Villa gardening: a handbook for amateur and practical gardeners / by Edward Hobday. London; MacMillan, 1887. url p. 31, p. 86.
• Window gardening. Devoted specially to the culture of flowers and ornamental plants, for indoor use and parlor decoration. Ed. by Henry T. Williams. New York, H. T. Williams, 1878, c1871. url p. 229.
• Lu Dequan. 1996. Portulacaceae. In: Tang Changlin, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 26: 3642.
• Ford, D. I. 1992. Systematics and Evolution of Montiopsis Subgenus Montiopsis (Portulacaceae). Ph.D. thesis. Washington University.
• Hershkovitz, M. A. 1993. Revised circumscriptions and subgeneric taxonomies of Calandrinia and Montiopsis with notes on phylogeny of the portulacaceous alliance. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80: 333-365.
• Hershkovitz, M. A. 1993b. Leaf morphology of Calandrinia and Montiopsis (Portulacaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 80: 366-396.
• Kelley, W. A. 1973. Pollen Morphology and Relationships in Calandrinia H. B. K. (Portulacaceae). M.S. thesis. California State University, Northridge.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal December 11, 2007:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 1671893
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 15795119
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:698570-1
• International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 698569-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 647705

Footnotes

1. Dequan Lu & Michael G. Gilbert "Portulacaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 442. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Walter A. Kelley "Calandrinia". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 458, 459, 461. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 1,750.690 meters (5,743.734 feet), Standard Deviation = 1,132.060 based on 91 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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