Bromus tectorum

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Genus Bromus

Annuals or perennials . Culms erect , tufted or with rhizomes. Leaf sheaths closed ; leaf blades linear , usually flat; ligules membranous. Panicles spreading or contracted , branches scabrid or pubescent , elongated or arched. Spikelets large, with 3 to many florets , upper florets often sterile ; rachilla disarticulating above glumes and between florets, scabrid or shortly hairy ; glumes unequal or subequal , shorter than spikelet, lanceolate or nearly ovate , (1-) 5-7-veined, apex acute or long acuminate or aristiform ; floret callus glabrous or both sides thinly hairy; lemmas rounded on back or compressed to keel, 5-9(-11) -veined, herbaceous or nearly leathery, margins often membranous, apex entire or 2-toothed; awn terminal or arising from lemma between teeth slightly under apex, rarely awnless or 3-awned; palea narrow, usually shorter than lemma, keels ciliate or scabrid. Lodicules 2. Stamens 3. Ovary apex with appendage ; styles 2, arising from lower front of appendage. Caryopsis oblong , apex hairy, adaxial surface sulcate . Chromosomes large, x = 7, 2n = 14, 28, 42, 56, 70.

About 150 species: temperate regions , mainly in the N hemisphere, also on mountains in the tropics; 55 species (eight endemic, at least three introduced ) in China.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Grassy places, dry slopes , river beaches, dry sandy places, wastelands, roadsides; 100-3400(-4200) m [2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,632 meters (0 to 11,916 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Growth

Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 6.5

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.

Temperature: Cold Hardiness: Not Applicable (map)

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Anisantha tectorum (L.) Nevski • Bromus tectorum var. glabratus Spenner • Bromus tectorum var. hirsutus Regel • Bromus tectorum var. nudus Klett & Richter

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 17-Oct-2001

Similar Species

Members of the genus Bromus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 88 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

B. aleutensis (Aleutian Brome) · B. alopecuros (Roadside Brome) · B. alopecuros caroli-henrici (Weedy Brome) · B. anomalus (Nodding Bromegrass) · B. arenarius (Australian Brome) · B. arizonicus (Arizona Brome) · B. arvensis (Field Brome) · B. benekkenii (Brome) · B. berterianus (Chilean Brome) · B. biebersteinii (Meadow Brome) · B. briziformis (Rattlesnake Brome) · B. carinatus (California Brome) · B. catharticus (Prairie Grass) · B. ciliatus (Canadian Brome) · B. ciliatus var. ciliatus (Fringed Brome) · B. ciliatus var. richardsonii (Fringed Brome) · B. commutatus (Hairy Brome) · B. danthoniae (Oat Brome) · B. diandrus (Great Brome) · B. erectus (Erect Brome) · B. erectus erectus (Upright Brome) · B. frondosus (Weeping Brome) · B. grandis (Tall Brome) · B. grossus (Whiskered Brome) · B. hordaceus (Soft Chess) · B. hordeaceus (Soft Brome) · B. hordeaceus hordeaceus (Soft Brome) · B. hordeaceus molliformis (Soft Brome) · B. hordeaceus thominei (Soft Brome) · B. hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus (Downy Brome) · B. hordeaceus subsp. molliformis (Soft Brome) · B. hordeaceus subsp. thominei (Soft Brome) · B. inermis (Awnless Brome) · B. inermis inermis (Awnless Brome) · B. inermis inermis var. inermis (Smooth Brome) · B. inermis pumpellianus (Pumpelly's Brome) · B. inermis pumpellianus var. pumpellianus (Pumpelly's Brome) · B. inermis var. arcticus (Awnless Brome) · B. inermis var. inermis (Smooth Brome) · B. inermis subsp. pumpellianus (Pumpelly's Brome) · B. inermis 'Skinner's Gold' (Skinner's Gold Smooth Brome) · B. japonicus (Japanese Brome) · B. kalmii (Arctic Brome) · B. laevipes (Chinook Brome) · B. lanatipes (Woolly Brome) · B. lanceolatus (Mediterranean Brome) · B. latiglumis (Broad-Glumed Brome) · B. lepidus (Slender Soft Brome) · B. luzonensis (Hoary Brome) · B. madritensis (Compact Brome) · B. madritensis madritensis (Compact Brome) · B. mango (Mango Brome) · B. marginatus (Mountain Brome) · B. marginatus var. marginatus (Large Mountain Brome) · B. maritimus (Seaside Brome) · B. mollis non (Soft Chess) · B. mucroglumis (Arizona Brome) · B. nottowayanus (Nottoway Brome Grass) · B. orcuttianus (Orcutt Brome) · B. orcuttianus var. orcuttianus (Orcutt's Brome) · B. pacificus (Pacific Brome) · B. polyanthus (Basin Brome) · B. polyanthus var. paniculatus (Great Basin Brome) · B. polyanthus var. polyanthus (Great Basin Brome) · B. porteri (Nodding Brome) · B. pseudolaevipes (Coast Range Brome) · B. pubescens (Hairy Wood Brome Grass) · B. racemosus (Bald Brome) · B. ramosus (Bald Brome) · B. ramosus benekenii (Hairy Brome) · B. ramosus ramosus (Hairy Brome) · B. richardsonii var. richardsonii (Richardson´s Brome) · B. rigidus (Ripgut Brome) · B. riparius (Meadow Brome) · B. rubens (Foxtail Brome) · B. scoparius (Broom Brome) · B. secalinus (Bromegrass) · B. sitchensis (Alaska Brome) · B. sitchensis var. sitchensis (Sitka Brome) · B. squarrosus (Corn Brome) · B. squarrosus squarrosus (Corn Brome) · B. stamineus (Roadside Brome) · B. sterilis (Barren Bromegrass) · B. suksdorfii (Suksdorf's Brome) · B. tectorum (Cheat Grass) · B. tectorum var. tectorum (Cheatgrass) · B. texensis (Texas Brome) · B. vulgaris (Columbia Brome)

More Info

• Search for Pictures: images.google.com
• Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
• Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
• Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books

Further Reading

• ... Flora of Glacier National Park, Montana, by Paul C. Standley. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1921. url p. 292.
• A catalogue of plants growing without cultivation in the County of Nantucket, Mass. Northampton, Mass., Gazette Printing Co., 1888. url p. 68.
• A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 174.
• A general system of botany, descriptive and analytical in two parts; tr. from the original by Mrs. Hooker. .. with additions, an appendix on the natural method, and a synopsis of the orders by J.D. Hooker. London, Longmans, 1876. url p. 889.
• A list of literature pertaining to wildlife research and management in Montana / Richard J. Mackie and Harley W. Yeager. Helena, Mont.: Research Section, Game Management Division, Montana Fish and Game Dept., 1966. url p. 7.
• A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations, Cedar Rapids, Ia., The Torch Press, 1911. url , .
• A manual of poisonous plants: chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations / by L. H. Pammel. 1911 Cedar Rapids, Ia.: The Torch Press, 1910-11. url p. 359.
• A manual of weeds, with descriptions of all the most pernicious and troublesome plants in the United States and Canada, their habits of growth and distribution, with methods of control, by Ada E. Georgia. .. with 385 illustrations by F. Schuyler Mathews. .. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1916, c1914. url p. 58.
• A multi-scale analysis linking prairie breeding birds to site and landscape factors including USGS GAP data / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2007. url .
• A new British flora: British wild flowers in their natural haunts / described by A. R. Horwood; with sixty-four plates in colour representing 350 different plants, from drawings by J. N. Fitch and many illustrations from photographs. London: Gresham, 1919. url p. 212.
• A preliminary classification of the plant communities of northeastern Montana / Robert L. DeVelice [et al.]. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1991. url , , , , , , , , , , , .
• A survey and record of Woolwich and West Kent containing descriptions and records, brought up-to-date, of geology, botany, zoology, archaeology and industries of the district, with a brief photographic commentary, in commemoration of the 12th Ann General editors, C.H. Grinling, T.A. Ingram [and] B.C. Polkinghorne. Woolwich: Labour Representation Print. Co., 1909. url p. 178.
• A text-book of grasses with especial reference to the economic species of the United States, by A. S. Hitchcock. New York, Macmillan, 1914. url p. 252, p. 77.
• A text-book of grasses: with especial reference to the economic species of the United States / by A.S. Hitchock. New York: Macmillan, 1914. url p. 252.
• Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. Helsinki: Societas, 1875-1980. url p. 12, p. 203, p. 441, p. 91.
• Alien flora of Britain. London, West, Newman, 1905. url p. 192.
• American grasses / Washington: Gov. Print. Off., 1897-1901. url p. 290.
• American grasses / by F. Lamson-Scribner. Washington: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Division of Agrontology, 1897- url p. 290.
• An encyclopædia of agriculture: comprising the theory and practice of the valuation, transfer, laying out, improvement, and management of landed property; and the cultivation and economy of the animal and vegetable productions of ag By J. C. Loudon. London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, 1826. url p. 828.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 234.
• An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102nd meridian / by Nathaniel Lord Britton and Hon. Addison Brown. New York: Scribner, 1913. url p. 274.
• Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural. Madrid: La Sociedad, url p. 122, p. 143, p. 149, p. 151, p. 151, p. 169, p. 239, p. 302, p. 385, p. 414, p. 414.
• Annales du Jardin botanique de Buitenzorg. 1910-1918 Leiden [etc.]: E. J. Brill [etc.] url p. 496.
• Annotated list of the ferns and flowering plants of New York state, by Homer D. House. Albany, The University of the state of New York, 1924. url p. 123.
• Annual report / Albany: University of the State of New York, 1902-1918. url p. 65, p. 7, p. 9.
• Annual report of the Michigan Academy of Science. Lansing, Mich.: The Academy, 1904. url p. 49.
• Annual report of the Ohio State Academy of Science. Columbus: The Academy, 1893-1930. url p. 255, p. 255, p. 44, p. 52.
• Annual report of the Regents / Albany: J.B. Lyon, State Printer, 1890-1903. url p. 86, p. 89, p. 90.
• Annual report of the Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture of the State of Michigan. .. Lansing: The Board, 1862- url p. 90.
• Annual report of the State Botanist of the State of New York. Albany: Troy Press, 1889-1897. url .
• Annual report of the Trustees of the State Museum of Natural History for the year. .. Albany, N.Y.: The Trustees, 1886-1889. url p. 99.
• Annual report on the New York State Museum of Natural History. Albany, Regents of the University of the State of New York. url p. 146, p. 40, p. 47.
• Annual report. .. / [State Board of Agriculture]. [Montpelier, Vt.]: The Board, 1900-1908. url p. 11.
• Appendices A-E: terrestrial resources injury assessment report: upper Clark Fork River NPL sites. Helena?, Mont.: Dept. of Justice?, 1995 url .
• Appendix C., vegetation/agricultural resources of the Beal Project area / prepared for Beal Mountain Mining, Inc.; prepared by Ken L. Scow, L. Dean Culwell. Helena, Mont.: Western Technology and Engineering, [1988] url .
• Bartonia;proceedings of the Philadelphia botanical club. .. 1 - 10 1908 - 19 Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, Academy of Natural Sciences. url p. 14, p. 30, p. 47.
• Bio-ecology, by Frederic E. Clements. .. and Victor E. Shelford. .. New York, J. Wiley & Sons, inc.;1939. url p. 293.
• Biodiversity and representativeness of research natural areas on national wildlife refuges in Montana, designated areas within Benton Lake, Charles M. Russell, Lake Mason, Medicine Lake, and Red Rock final report / submitted to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; prepared by Stephen V. Cooper and Bonnie L. Heidel. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1999 url , p. 14, p. 29, p. 45, p. 62.
• Biological survey of a prairie landscape in Montana's glaciated plains: final report / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program: 2001. url , , .
• Botanical and vegetation survey of Carter County, Montana, Bureau of Land Management-administered lands / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst, Stephen V. Cooper, and Bonnie L. Heidel; prepared for United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1998] url , , , p. 38, p. 57, p. 89.
• Botanical survey of Nebraska. Conducted by the Botanical Seminar. I-VII. Lincoln, Neb., 1892-1904. url .
• Botanisk tidsskrift / utgivet af den Botaniske forening i København. København: G.E.C. Gads Forlag, 1866-1981. url p. 339, p. 394.
• Brigham Young University science bulletin. 9 1967 Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University, [1955-1976] url p. 100, p. 11, p. 13, p. 15, p. 19, p. 40.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 1034, p. 297, p. 336, p. 868, p. 983.
• Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces / [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987. url p. 104, p. 106, p. 107, p. 804.
• Bulletin - New York State Museum. Albany: New York State Education Dept. url p. 7, p. 9.
• Bulletin - United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.];1877-1971. url p. 139, p. 355.
• Bulletin / Illinois Natural History Survey. Urbana, State of Illinois, Dept. of Registration and Education, Natural History Survey Division, 1918-1985. url p. 415.
• Bulletin / Ohio Biological Survey. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, 1913- url p. 147, p. 310.
• Bulletin / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Entomology. Washington: G.P.O., 1904-1916. url p. 43.
• Bulletin / United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Agrostology. Washington, D.C.: The Division, 1895-1901. url p. 10, p. 13, p. 29, p. 290, p. 43, p. 6, p. 8.
• Bulletin / University of Montana. Missoula: University of Montana, 1901-1910. url p. 20.
• Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History. Bloomington, Ill.: The Laboratory, 1876-1918. url p. 355, p. 355.
• Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. 1 1898 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., url p. 140.
• Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences Los Angeles, Calif.: The Academy, 1971- url p. 56.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 49 1922 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 100, p. 147, p. 19, p. 199, p. 200, p. 206, p. 259, p. 309, p. 34, p. 371, p. 565, p. 580, p. 588, p. 591.
• Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1913-1923. url p. 17, p. 7.
• Bulletin of the scientific laboratories of Denison University. Granville, Ohio: [The University], 1885- url p. 98.
• California fish and game. [San Francisco, etc.]: State of California, Resources Agency, Dept. of Fish and Game. url p. 10, p. 119, p. 123, p. 155, p. 165, p. 203, p. 217, p. 234, p. 236, p. 241, p. 243, p. 244, p. 255, p. 262, p. 274, p. 289, p. 31, p. 391, p. 41.
• Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1902- url , p. 160, p. 282, p. 304, p. 321, p. 361.
• Catalog of Ohio vascular plants, arranged according to the phyletic classification; with notes on the geographical distribution in the state, based mainly on specimens in the State Herbarium, Botanical Laboratory, the Ohio State Univ Columbus, The Ohio State University, 1914. url .
• Catalog of Ohio vascular plants: arranged according to the phyletic classification: with notes on the geographical distribution in the state, based mainly on specimens in the State Herbarium, Botanical Laboratory, the Ohio State Uni by John H. Schaffner. Columbus: Ohio State University, 1914. url p. 147.
• Catalogue of scientific papers (1800-1900) Comp. by the Royal society of London. Cambridge, C. J. Clay and sons, 1867-1902; url p. 138.
• Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. url p. 138.
• Catalogue of the flowering plants and ferns of Connecticut growing without cultivation / by Charles Burr Graves. .. [et al.]; Committee of the Connecticut Botanical Society. Hartford: Printed for the State Geological and Natural History Survey, 1910. url p. 417, p. 77.
• Catalogue of the phanerogams and ferns of Licking County, Ohio. Granville, Ohio, Press of Granville Times, 1892. url .
• Circle West vegetation monitoring study. Helena, Mont.: Energy Division, Montana Dept. of Natural Resources and Conservation, -[1982] url p. 27, p. 31, p. 40.
• Circle west vegetation baseline study: final report / by Richard Prodgers. Helena: Energy Division, Montana Dept. of Natural Resources and Conservation, [1978] url p. 100, p. 106, p. 26, p. 90.
• Circular / United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Agrostology. Washington, D.C.: The Division, 1895-1901. url p. 2.
• Classification of the plant communities of Beaverhead, Silver Bow, and Madison Counties, Montana / for Bureau of Land Management, State Office, Billings, Montana. Helena, Mt.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1992] url p. 11, p. 128, p. 137, p. 14, p. 25, p. 26, p. 35, p. 44, p. 50, p. 73, p. 78, p. 8, p. 83, p. 90.
• Collection and care of botanical specimens / Ottawa: Canada Department of Agriculture, Research Branch, 1962. url p. 16.
• Common and scientific names of weeds in Canada = Noms populaires et scientifiques des plantes nuisibles du Canada / Ottawa: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada = Agriculture et agroalimentaire Canada, c2000. url p. 76.
• Companion to the Botanical magazine: being a journal, containing such interesting botanical information as does not come within the prescribed limits of the magazine; with occasional figures /by W.J. Hooker. 2 1836-1837 London: Printed by E. Conchman. .. for the proprietor, S. Curtis, 1835-1836 [i.e., 1835-1837] url p. 269.
• Conservation status of Eriogonum X lagopus in southern Carbon County, Montana / prepared by Peter Lesica and Peter L. Achuff. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1992] url p. 12, p. 8.
• Conservation status of Lomatium attenuatum Evert (Apiaceae) in Montana / Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 1998. url .
• Conservation strategy for Silene spaldingii (Spalding's catchfly) in Montana / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 2005. url , , , , , , , , , , .
• Conserving globally rare plants on lands administered by the Dillon Office of the Bureau of Land Management / Helena, MT: Natural Heritage Program, c2003. url , .
• Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: [s.n., url .
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 48 2003 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 110, p. 144, p. 17, p. 177, p. 18, p. 185, p. 187, p. 292, p. 370, p. 596, p. 607, p. 678, p. 695, p. 90, p. 91, p. 92, p. VIII.
• Contributions towards a Cybele hibernica, being outlines of the geographical distribution of plants in Ireland. Dublin.E. Ponsonby, 1898. url .
• Cooperative economic insect report. Hyattsville, MD. [etc.]Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Service. url p. 451.
• Danish fungi as represented in the herbarium of E. Rostrup / revised by J. Lind. Copenhagen: Gyldendalske boghandel, 1913. url p. 437.
• Dedication papers: scientific papers presented at the dedication of the laboratory building and plant houses, April 19-21, 1917. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1918. url p. 358, p. 361, p. 394.
• Demographic monitoring of Astragalus scaphoides at two sites in Montana and Idaho final report / prepared for USDI Bureau of Land Management, Montana State Office; prepared by Peter Lesica. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1994] url p. 2.
• Demographic monitoring of Penstemon lemhiensis, Beaverhead National Forest: 1990 progress report / by Peter L. Achuff and J. Stephen Shelly. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1991] url p. 15.
• Desirables and weeds for roadside management: a northern Rocky Mountain catalogue / [Helena]: Available through the National Technical Information Service, 1997] url , , , .
• Diseases of field and garden crops: chiefly such as are caused by fungi. London, MacMillan, 1884. url p. 158.
• Distribution of vascular plant species of special concern and limited distribution in the Pryor Mountain Desert; Carbon County, Montana / prepared by Peter Lesica and Peter L. Achuff; prepared for USDI Bureau of Land Management, Montana State Office. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1992] url .
• Ecologically significant wetlands in the Upper Yellowstone River watershed: including the Boulder, Clarks Fork Yellowstone, Shields, and Stillwater River drainages / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 2001. url , .
• Elements of agricultural chemistry in a course of lectures for the Board of Agriculture. Philadelphia, B. Warner, 1821. url p. 267, p. 294.
• Elements of agricultural chemistry, in a course of lectures for the Board of agriculture. By Sir Humphry Davy. .. Alexandria:and William F. Gray, 1815. url p. 354, p. xxii.
• Entomological news. [Philadelphia]American Entomological Society, 1925- url p. 100, p. 16, p. 179, p. 40, p. 41.
• Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 11, p. 34, p. 36, p. 46, p. 72.
• Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. url p. 246, p. 323, p. 335, p. 48, p. 937.
• FLORA OF RUSSIA A.A.Balkema Publishers url p. 254.
• Farm weeds of Canada, by George H. Clark and James Fletcher. With illustrations by Norman Criddle. Published by direction of the Hon. Sydney A. Fisher, Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa, 1909. Ottawa: Govt. Print. Bureau, [1909] url p. 31.
• Fishery circular / U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Fisheries. [Washington]: The Bureau, 1931-1939. url p. 40.
• Flora indica: being a systematic account of the plants of British India, together with observations on the structure and affinities of their natural orders and genera. London, W. Pamplin, 1855. url .
• Flora of Colorado, Fort Collins, Col., Experiment Station, 1906. url , .
• Flora of Colorado, by P. A. Rydberg, PH. D. Fort Collins, Col., Experiment Station, 1906. url p. 51, p. 52.
• Flora of Colorado, by P.A. Rydberg. Fort Collins, Col., Experiment Station, 1906. url p. 51, p. 52, p. 52.
• Flora of Indiana, by Charles C. Deam. Indianapolis, Wm. B. Burford printing co., contractor for state printing and binding, 1940. url p. 94, p. 96, p. 97.
• Flora of Japan: in English: combined, much revised and extended translation / by the author of his Flora of Japan (1953) and Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta (1957); edited by Frederick G. Meyer and Egbert H. Walker. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. url p. 156, p. 157.
• Flora of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, by L. L. Dame and F. S. Collins. Malden, Middlesex Institute, 1888. url p. 132.
• Flora of Nebraska; a list of the conifers and flowering plants of the state with keys for their determination. Plainview, Neb.[c1912] url .
• Flora of Nebraska; a list of the ferns, conifers and flowering plants of the state with keys for their determination. Plainview, Neb., 1923 url p. 39.
• Flora of New Bedford and the shores of Buzzards Bay, with a procession of the flowers. New Bedford, [Mass.]E. Anthony, 1891. url p. 17.
• Flora of Pennsylvania, Boston, Ginn & Company, 1903. url .
• Flora of Pennsylvania. Edited with the addition of analytical keys by John Kunkel Small. Boston, Ginn & Co., 1903. url p. 39.
• Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai; from the Taurus to Ras Muhammad, and from the Mediterranean Sea to the Syrian desert. By Rev. George E. Post. Beirut, Syria, Syrian Protestant College[1896] url p. 891.
• Flora of Syria, Palestine, and Sinai: from the Taurus to Ras Muhammas and from the Mediterranean sea to the Syrian desert / by Rev. George E. Post. Beirut, Syria: Syrian Protestant college[1896] url p. 891.
• Flora of southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho / by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Lancaster, Pa.: New Era, 1914. url p. 32.
• Flora of the District of Columbia and vicinity. By A.S. Hitchcock and Paul C. Standley, with the assistance of the botanists of Washington. WashingtonGovt. print. off.1919 url p. 90.
• Flora of the Hawaiian islands: a description of their phanerogams and vascular cryptogams /by William Hillebrand; annotated and published after the author's death by W.F. Hillebrand. 1888 London: New York: Williams & Norgate; B. Westermann, 1888. url p. 535.
• Flora of the northwest coast, including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon. Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New Era Printing Company, 1915. url , .
• Flora of the northwest coast: including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon / by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Lancaster, Pa.: Press of the New era printing company, 1915. url p. 50, p. 51.
• Flora of the southeastern United States; being descriptions of the seed-plants, ferns and fern-allies growing naturally in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, and in Oklahom by John Kunkel Small. New York, The author, 1913. url p. 157.
• Flora of the southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New Era Printing Company, 1914. url .
• Flora of the state of Washington / by Charles V. Piper. Washington: G.P.O., 1906 url p. 144.
• Flora of the state of Washington. By Charles V. Piper. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1906. url p. 144.
• Florists' review Chicago: Florists' Pub. Co. url .
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 710, figs. 9-11, page 77.
• Hand-list of herbaceous plants cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens. London, Printed for H. M. Stationery Off. by Darling, 1902. url p. 205.
• Handbook of flower pollination based upon Hermann Müller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects'; tr. by J.R. Ainsworth Davis. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1906. url p. 529.
• Handbook of flower pollination: based upon Hermann Mu?ller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects' / Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1906-09. url .
• Handbook of the flora of Philadelphia and vicinity, containing data relating to the plants within the following radius: eastern Pennsylvania; all of New Jersey except the northern counties; and New Castle County, Delaware, with keys for identification comp. by Ida A. Keller and Stewardson Brown. Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, 1905. url p. 55.
• Handbook of the wild and cultivated flowering plants, by Chester Arthur Darling... Syracuse andThe Mason-Henry press, [1912] url p. 14.
• Hortus Gramineus Woburnensis; or, An account of the results of experiments on the produce and nutritive qualities of different grasses and other plants used as the food of the more valuable domestic animals; instituted by John, Du London, J. Ridgway, 1824. url p. 330, p. 41.
• Hortus gramineus Woburnensis: or, an account of the results of experiments on the produce, and nutritive qualities of different grasses, and other plants, used as the food of the more valuable domestic animals: instituted by John Duke of Bedford /Illustrated with dried specimens of the plants upon which these experiments have been made, and practical observations on their natural habits, and the soils best adapted to their growth; pointing out the kinds most profitable for permanent pasture, irrigated meadows, dry or upland pasture, and the alternate husbandry; accompanied with the discriminating characters of the species, and varieties. By George Sinclair. 1816 London: Printed by B. McMillan, 1816. url p. 126, p. 180.
• Hortus gramineus woburnensis; or, An account of the results of experiments on the produce and nutritive qualities of different grasses and other plants used as the food of the more valuable domestic animals: instituted by John, du By George Sinclair. London: J. Ridgway, 1826. url p. 15, p. 256, p. 33.
• Illinois River Bluffs area assessment / Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Office of Scientific Research and Analysis, [and the] State Geological Survey Division. Springfield, Ill.: Illinois Dept. of Natural Resources, 1998- url p. 159, p. 176.
• Illustrations of vegetable physiology, practically applied, to the cultivation of the garden, the field, and the forest. .. By James Main. .. London, Orr and Smith, 1835. url p. 34.
• Improving California ranges / Berkeley, Calif.: College of Agriculture, University of California, 1945. url .
• Insecta Britanica: Diptera / by Francis Walker. London: Reeve and Benham, 1851-56. url p. 130.
• Insecta Britannica: Diptera. London, Reeve, 1851-56. url p. 130.
• Insecta britannica. Diptera. London, Reeve and Benham, 1851-56. url p. 130.
• International review of the science and practice of agriculture. Rome: International Institute of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Intelligence and Plant Diseases, 1916-1926. url .
• Journal of Hymenoptera research. Washington, D.C.: International Society of Hymenopterists, [1992- url p. 337.
• Journal of agricultural research. Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1913-1949.. url p. 213, p. 215, p. 222, p. 228, p. 237, p. 239, p. 241, p. 352, p. 464, p. 466, p. 467, p. 468, p. 470, p. 474, p. 478, p. 482, p. 483, p. 492, p. 62.
• Journal of botany, British and foreign. London: Robert Hardwicke, 1863-1942. url , p. 120, p. 120, p. 144, p. 147, p. 160, p. 193, p. 206, p. 208, p. 210, p. 302, p. 89, p. 94, p. x.
• Journal of the proceedings of the Linnean Society. Botany. 6 1862 London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts: ||Williams and Norgate, 1857-1864. url p. 46.
• Joy of nature: how to observe and appreciate the great outdoors / [editor, Alma E. Guinness]. Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader's Digest Association, c1977. url p. 324, p. 331.
• Kootenai Falls wildlife monitoring study. Helena, MT: Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation, Facility Siting Division, 1981- url p. 30, p. 30, p. 31, p. 31.
• Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url p. 55, p. 56.
• Linking the National Vegetation Classification System to NRCS ecological sites in southeastern Montana / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2005. url .
• List of Pteridophyta and Spermatophyta growing without cultivation in northeastern North America. Prepared by a Committee of the Botanical Club, American Association for the Advancement of Science. New York, 1894. url p. 56.
• Lund easement baseline biological inventory / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2001 url , .
• Manual of the New Zealand flora. By T. F. Cheeseman. .. Wellington, N. Z., J. Mackay, Govt. Printer, 1906. url p. 1092.
• Manual of the flora of the northern states and Canada / by Nathaniel Lord Britton. New York: Holt, 1905. url p. 149.
• Manual of the grasses of the United States / by A.S. Hitchcock. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1935. url p. 55, p. 56, p. 57, p. 817.
• Manual of the southeastern flora: being descriptions of the seed plants growing naturally in Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, eastern Louisiana, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. 1933 New York: The author, 1933. url p. 135.
• Marcellia. New York [etc.]Pergamon Press [etc.] url .
• Memoirs / Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Brooklyn, N.Y.: The Garden, 1918-1936. url p. 358, p. 361, p. 394.
• Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 12 1981 San Diego, Calif.: The Society, 1931-1989. url p. 30.
• Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. 9 1900 Durham, N.C.: Published for the Club by the Seeman Printery, 1889- url p. 210.
• Memorials, journal and botanical correspondence of Charles Cardale Babington. Cambridge, [Eng.]: Macmillan and Bowes, 1897. url p. 450.
• Michigan flora: a list of the fern and seed plants growing without cultivation / prepared by W.J. Beal. [Lansing, Mich.]: State Board of Agriculture: 1904. url p. 49, p. 49.
• Minnesota botanical studies. Minneapolis, Geological and Natural History Survey of Minnesota. url .
• Muhlenbergia. Chico, Calif. [etc] url p. 27.
• Naturalist's guide to the Americas, prepared by the Committee on the Preservation of Natural Conditions of the Ecological Society of America, with assistance from numerous organizations and individuals, assembled and edited by chairman, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1926. url p. 558.
• Nature Reserves of the Himalaya and the Mountains of Central Asia IUCN url p. 462, p. 6.
• New York State Museum bulletin. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1916-1944. url p. 20.
• New manual of botany of the central Rocky mountains (vascular plants) Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Company[c1909] url .
• North American fauna. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 7, p. 8.
• Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. 3 1904 Edinburgh: H. M. Stationery Off. url p. 140.
• Occasional papers - San Diego Society of Natural History. 1949 San Diego, The Society. url p. 20, p. 20.
• Our living resources: a report to the nation on the distribution, abundance, and health of U.S. plants, animals, and ecosystems / [edited by], Edward T. LaRoe. .. [et al.]. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Biological Service, 1995. url p. 490.
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 59.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 174, p. 227, p. 475, p. 485, p. 489, p. 70, p. 83, p. 93.
• Plant and animal resources and ecological condition of the Hanging Woman Basin in Big Horn County, Montana and Sheridan County, Wyoming / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2003. url , , , .
• Plant community classification for vegetation on BLM lands, Pryor Mountains, Carbon County, Montana / Robert L. DeVelice & Peter Lesica; for USDI Bureau of Land Management, State Office. Helena, Mt.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1993. url p. 26, p. 35, p. 45.
• Plant indicators: the relation of plant communities to process and practice. WashingtonCarnegie Institution of Washington1920 url p. 160, p. 361, p. xiv.
• Plant species of concern and plant associations of Powder River county, Montana / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2002. url , , , , .
• Plant succession; an analysis of the development of vegetation, Washington, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1916. url .
• Plant-geography upon a physiological basis. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903. url p. 600.
• Plants of Iowa; a preliminary list of the native and introduced plants of the state, not under cultivation; comp. by Wesley Greene, secretary. Des Moines, Bishard brothers, printers, 1907. url p. 138, p. 138.
• Plants of Mississippi: a list of flowering plants and ferns / by E.N. Lowe. [Jackson, Miss.]: Mississippi State Geological Survey, 1921. url p. 95.
• Post-fire recovery of Wyoming big sagebrush shrub-steppe in centeral and southeast Montana/ Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2007. url .
• Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. Washington, Biological Society of Washington url p. 109, p. 109, p. 129, p. 148, p. 175, p. 175, p. 42.
• Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Mathematical and physical sciences. Cambridge [etc.]Cambridge Philosophical Society. url p. 321.
• Proceedings of the Delaware County Institute of Science. Media, Pa.: The Institute, 1906- url p. 72.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 222, p. 543, p. 706, p. 719, p. 723, p. 724.
• Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science. Indianapolis, Ind.[s.n.] url p. 125, p. 137, p. 166, p. 166, p. 301.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url p. 663.
• Proceedings of the Rochester Academy of Science. Rochester, N.Y.: The Academy.1889- url p. 24.
• Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. Melbourne: The Society, 1889- url p. 209, p. 231.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 432, p. 437.
• Range and pasture management, by Arthur W. Sampson. New York, John Wiley, 1923. url p. 396.
• Range plant handbook. Washington, U. S. Govt. print. off., 1937. url p. x.
• Rapid ecological assessment of selected state lands in southcentral Montana for plant species of special concern / prepared by James P. Vanderhorst; prepared for Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1993] url p. 10, p. 11, p. 12, p. 15, p. 17, p. 19, p. 21, p. 22, p. 29, p. 7, p. 9.
• Rare plant inventory of the outstanding natural areas of the Rocky Mountain Front / prepared for United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management; prepared by Lisa Ann Schassberger. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1988] url p. 27.
• Reclamation of mined lands in the western coal region / by Perry F. Narten. .. [et al.]. [Reston, Va.: Distribution Branch, Text Products Section, U.S. Geological Survey [distributor], 1983. url .
• Report for the year - British Columbia Provincial Museum. [Victoria]; Printed by A. Sutton [etc.], for the Queen. url .
• Report of the Botanist. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, Office of the Regents, 1871-1888 url p. 146, p. 146, p. 35, p. 40, p. 47, p. 99.
• Report of the Geological Survey of Ohio. Columbus, Nevins & Myers, state printers, 1873-93. url .
• Report of the Michigan Academy of Science. Lansing, Mich.: The Academy, 1904-1916. url p. 137, p. 146.
• Report of the State Botanist. Albany, N.Y.: University of the State of New York, 1898-1925. url , , , p. 9.
• Report of the State Entomologist to the Regents of the University of the State of New York. .. [Albany: University of the State of New York], 1884- url p. 35.
• Report on the conservation status of Arabis fecunda, a candidate threatened species / [Peter Lesica]. Helena, MT.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1993]. url p. 37.
• Reports and papers on botany. London: Printed for the Ray society, 1846-49. url p. 325.
• Sandusky flora. A catalogue of the flowering plants and ferns growing without cultivation, in Erie County, Ohio, and the peninsula and islands of Ottawa County, Wooster, O., Press of Clapper Printing Co., 1899. url .
• Science studies, v.1, no. 1-3. Bozeman, Mont.1905. url p. 41.
• Seeds handbook for agriculture, horticulture and forestry, with a key for the identification of the important agricultural seeds = Handbuch der Samenkunde für Landwirtschaft, Gartenbau und Forstwirtschaft, mit einem Schlussel zur Bestimmung der wichtigsten landwirtschaftlichen Samen / Walther Brouwen and Adolf Stahlin. [S.l.: s.n.], 1980. url p. 144.
• Sensitive plant species in weed management areas on the Helena National Forest: final report / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2002. url .
• Sensitive plant species survey at the southern end of the Elkhorn Mountains, Broadwater and Jefferson Counties, Montana / prepared by Bonnie L. Heidel; prepared for Bureau of Land Management. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1995] url .
• Sensitive plant species survey, Ashland District, Custer National Forest, Powder River and Rosebud Counties, Montana / by Bonnie L. Heidel and Hollis Marriott; for Custer National Forest. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1996] url , .
• Sensitive plant species survey, Garfield and McCone Counties, Montana / prepared by Bonnie L. Heidel; prepared for Bureau of Land Management. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1994] url .
• Sensitive plant species surveys, Butte District, Beaverhead and Madison Counties, Montana / by Bonnie L. Heidel and Jim Vanderhorst, for Bureau of Land Management. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1996] url , p. 37, p. 52, p. 57, p. 61, p. 70.
• Sensitive plant survey in the Horse Prairie Creek drainage, Beaverhead County, Montana, Butte District, Bureau of Land Management / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst; prepared for United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Land management, Dillon Resource Area. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1995. url p. 13.
• Sensitive plant survey in the Tendoy Mountains, Beaverhead County, Montana / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst and Peter Lesica; prepared for Bureau of Land Management, Butte District. Helena, Mt.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1994]. url .
• Sensitive plant surveys in the Big Belt and Elkhorn Mountains, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Region 1, Helena National Forest, Montana / prepared by Jackie M. Poole and Bonnie L. Heidel; prepared for Helena National Forest. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1993] url , , , , , .
• Sensitive plant surveys in the Bull River and adjacent drainages, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Region 1, Kootenai National Forest, Montana / prepared by Lisa Ann Schassberger and J. Stephen Shelly. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1990]. url p. 58.
• Sensitive plant surveys in the Gallatin National Forest, Montana / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst; prepared for U.S. Forest Service, Gallatin National Forest. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1994]. url p. 75.
• Sensitive plant surveys, 1989: U.S. Forest Service, Region 1, Gallatin National Forest / prepared for United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; prepared by Sarah Y. Mathews. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1989] url p. 20.
• Some grasses of the Northeast: a key to their identification by vegetative characters. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1962. url p. 65.
• Sourcebook on Remote Sensing and Biodiversity Indicators. Convention on Biological Diversity Technical Series 32 CBD url p. 163.
• Special papers / Ohio Academy of Sciences. Columbus, Ohio: The Academy, 1899-1929. url p. 44.
• Spicilegium florae Maroccanae / by John Ball. London: Printed by Taylor and Francis, 1878. url p. 729.
• Station bulletin. Durham, N.H.: Agricultural Experiment Station, University of New Hampshire, 1948- url p. 10, p. 24, p. 6.
• Status review of Arabis fecunda, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Region 1, Beaverhead National Forest; prepared by Lisa Ann Schassberger. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1990] url p. 21, p. 7.
• Status review of Cirsium subniveum on the Beaverhead National Forest, U.S.D.A., Forest Service, Region 1, Montana / prepared by Lisa Schassberger Roe. Helena, Mt.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1991] url p. 18, p. 7.
• Status review update and establishment of demographic monitoring studies: Penstemon lemhiensis / prepared for U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Region 1, Beaverhead and Bitterroot National Forest, Montana; prepared by J. Stephen Shelly. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1990] url p. 29, p. 31, p. 45, p. 47, p. 63, p. 67, p. 69.
• Studies in natural history. Iowa City, Ia. url p. 14.
• Studies on the vegetation of the Transcaspian lowlands, by Ove Paulsen. Copenhagen, Gyldendal, 1912. url p. 107, p. 38, p. 61.
• Summer in a bog. Cincinnati, Stewart & Kidd[c1913] url .
• Survey for Psoralea hypogaea in the Great Falls Resource Area, Lewistown District, Bureau of Land Management, Montana / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1994. url .
• Survey for Quercus macrocarpa in the Powder River Resource Area, Miles City District, Bureau of Land Management, Montana / prepared for Bureau of Land Management, Miles City District Office; prepared by Bonnie L. Heidel. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1993]. url p. 16.
• Survey for sensitive plant species on BLM lands in the vicinity of Lemhi Pass, Beaverhead County / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst; prepared for Bureau of Land Management, Butte District. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1994]. url .
• Surveys of significant plant resources in southeast and south-central Montana on the Billings and Miles City field offices of the Bureau of Land Management / Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2006. url .
• Systematic lists illustrative of the Flora, Fauna, Palaeontology, and Archaeology of the North of Ireland / Belfast: Printed for the Club, 1870-1906. url p. 141.
• Terrestrial resources injury assessment report: upper Clark Fork River Basin / [S.l.: RCG/Hagler, Bailly, Inc.?, 1995 url .
• Text-book of pastoral and agricultural botany, for the study of the injurious and useful plants of country and farm, by John W. Harshberger. .. with 121 illustrations. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co., [c1920] url p. 2, p. 8.
• Textbook of pastoral and agricultural botany, for the study of the injurious and useful plants of country and farm, by John W. Harshberger. .. with 121 illustrations. Philadelphia: P. Blakiston's Son & Co., [c1920] url p. 2.
• The American farmer's encyclopedia and dictionary of rural affairs: embracing all the most recent discoveries in agricultural chemistry / adapted to the comprehension of unscientific readers by Gouverneur Emerson. Philadelphia: Carey and Hart, 1844. url p. 570.
• The American farmer's encyclopedia: embracing all the recent discoveries in agricultural chemistry, and the use of mineral, vegetable and animal manures, with descriptions and figures of American insects, injurious to vegetation. Being by Gouverneur Emerson, of Pennsylvania, upon the basis of Johnson's Farmer's encyclopedia. New York: A.O. Moore, Agricultural Book Publisher, 1858, [c1857] url p. 228, p. 570.
• The American farmer's encyclopedia; embracing all the recent discoveries in agricultural chemistry, New York, A. O. Moore, 1858. url p. 228, p. 570.
• The American florist: a weekly journal for the trade. Chicago: American Florist Company, [1885-1931] url p. 189.
• The American midland naturalist. Notre Dame, Ind., University of Notre Dame. url p. 123, p. 78.
• The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth's Magazine of Natural History. London, Taylor and Francis, Ltd. url p. 292.
• The Annals of Scottish natural history. Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1892-1911. url p. 112, p. 228.
• The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 127, p. 129, p. 133, p. 14, p. 141, p. 155, p. 168, p. 174, p. 219, p. 3, p. 327, p. 44, p. 53, p. 80.
• The Garden: an illustrated weekly journal of gardening in all its branches. London: [s.n., url p. 445.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 124, p. 216, p. 251, p. 797.
• The Great Basin naturalist. 59 1999 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 106, p. 114, p. 12, fig. 3, page 128, p. 131, p. 141, p. 143, schreiber, page 143, p. 143, p. 146, p. 149, p. 15, p. 150, p. 150, p. 151, p. 151, p. 152, p. 153, p. 154, hunter, page 176, yensen, page 176, p. 178, p. 180, p. 181, p. 182, p. 183, fig. 2, page 187, p. 203, fig. 1, page 208, smith, wilson & frost, page 229, p. 232, p. 233, p. 246, p. 25, fig. 2, page 25, p. 250, schupp, heaton & gómez, page 253, p. 257, p. 264, p. 286, p. 293, medin, page 295, p. 302, p. 303, fig. 1, page 315, p. 32, fig. 1, page 335, p. 337, p. 348, p. 349, p. 350, p. 352, hemming, meyer, smith & hansen, page 355, figs. 3-4, page 359, p. 375, p. 375, p. 382, p. 424, p. 425, p. 429, p. 471, fig. 2, page 48, p. 506, p. 53, p. 54, p. 55, p. 558, p. 569, fig. 3, page 588, p. 589, p. 590, p. 643, p. 66, p. 688, p. 689, p. 696, p. 721, p. 751, p. 755, p. 759, p. 760, p. 763, p. 771, p. 80, p. 81, p. 85, p. 97.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 19 1882 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 127, p. 138, p. 431, p. 681.
• The Naturalist. 1898 [Doncaster: Yorkshire Naturalists' Union], 1874- url p. 306.
• The Ohio journal of science. Columbus, Ohio, The Ohio State University and the Ohio Academy of Science url p. 23.
• The Ottawa naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 152, p. 152, p. 51, p. 51.
• The Phytologist: a botanical journal. London, William Pamplin, 1855-1863. url p. 168, p. 202, p. 263, p. 336, p. 386, p. 41, p. 425, p. 45, p. 610.
• The Phytologist: a popular botanical miscellany. London, John van Voorst, 1844-56. url p. 1116, p. 464, p. 778, p. 786, p. 787, p. 792.
• The Plant world. Baltimore [etc.]Plant World Association [etc.] url p. 172, p. 184.
• The Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science. Des moines, Iowa: The Academy, [1889-1987] url p. 165, p. 225, p. 320, p. 321, p. 324.
• The Review of applied entomology. Farnham Royal, Eng., etc.: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, etc. url p. 566, p. 603.
• The Scottish botanical review. Edinburgh: Neill & Co., 1912. url p. 156.
• The Scottish naturalist. Perth [etc.]: Cowan & Co. [etc.], url p. 15.
• The University of Colorado studies. Boulder, University of Colorado. url p. 138.
• The University of Kansas science bulletin. 46 1965 [Lawrence]: University of Kansas, 1902-1996. url p. 23, p. 640.
• The University of Missouri studies. Columbia, Mo.: The University, 1905-[1918] url p. 70, p. 98.
• The Victoria history of the county of Cornwall / London: [A. Constable and Company], 1906- url p. 67.
• The anthropology of Iraq. The Upper Euphrates / by Henry Field, Curator of Physical Anthropology. Chicago:Field Museum, 1940 url p. 169, p. 197.
• The book of grasses: an illustrated guide to the common grasses, and the most common of the rushes and sedges / by Mary Evans Francis; illustrated by H.H. Knight, Arthur G. Eldredge and Sarah Francis Dorrance. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Page, 1912. url p. 27, p. 34.
• The book of grasses; an illustrated guide to the common grasses, and the most common of the rushes and sedges, Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday, Page & Co., 1912. url .
• The effects of water development upon populations of Gambel's Quail in southwestern Utah / [Salt Lake City]: Utah State Department of Fish and Game, 1964. url p. 132, p. 81, p. 87.
• The farmer's and planter's encyclopaedia of rural affairs; embracing all the most recent discoveries in agricultural chemistry, suited to the comprehension of unscientific readers. By Cuthbert W. Johnson. .. With extensive additions adapting the work to the United States. .. By Gouverneur Emerson. .. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1868. url p. 228, p. 570.
• The farmer's and the planter's encyclopædia of rural affairs; Philadelphia, Lippincott, Grambo & co., 1851. url p. 228.
• The farmer's encyclopædia, and dictionary of rural affairs; embracing all the most recent discoveries in agricultural chemistry. Adapted to the comprehension of unscientific readers. .. By Cuthbert W. Johnson. .. Adapted to the United States by Gouverneur Emerson. Philadelphia, Carey and Hart, 1844. url p. 228, p. 570.
• The flora of British India /By J. D. Hooker assisted by various botanists. Published under the authority of the secretary of state for India in council. London: L. Reeve, 1875-97. url p. 359.
• The flora of Long Island. Lancaster, Pa.New Era Print., 1899. url .
• The flora of Scott and Muscatine counties. By W.D. Barnes, Fred Reppert [and] A.A. Miller. Davenport, Iowa, 1901 url p. 277.
• The flora of the Alps being a description of all the species of flowering plants indigenous to Switzerland; and of the Alpine species of the adjacent mountain districts of France, Italy, & Austria including the Pyrenees / by Alfred W. Bennett. London: J.C. Nimmo, 1896. url p. 193.
• The flora of the Alps; being a description of all the species of flowering plants indigenous to Switzerland; and of the Alpine species of the adjacent mountain districts of France, Italy, & Austria including the Pyrenees, London, J. C. Nimmo, 1896-1900. url .
• The flora of the Palouse region. Containing descriptions of all the Spermatophytes and Pteridophytes known to grow wild in the area within 35 kilometers of Pullman, Washington. By Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Pullman, Washington Agricultural College and School of Science, 1901. url p. 29.
• The flora of the parish of Halifax, by William B. Crump, & Charles Crossland. [Halifax]Halifax Scientific Society, 1904. url p. 128.
• The flora of the town of Southold, Long Island, and Gardiner's Island / New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1914? url p. 231.
• The grasses of Illinois / by Edna Mosher. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, 1918. url p. 404.
• The grasses of Iowa / L. H. Pammel, J. B. Weems, and F. Lamson-Schribner. Des Moines: Iowa Geological Survey, 1901-1904 [] i.e. 1905] url p. 269, p. 293, p. 294, p. 354, p. 401.
• The native flora of the vicinity of Cold Spring Harbor, L.I., New York. n.p., 1925 url p. 124.
• The naturalisation of animals & plants in New Zealand, Cambridge [Eng.]University Press, 1922. url .
• The naturalist. London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1865- url p. 278, p. 309.
• The plant community [by] Herbert C. Hanson [and] Ethan D. Churchill. New York, Reinhold Pub. Corp.[1961] url p. 101, p. 130, p. 197, p. 206, p. 208, p. 30, p. 31, p. 49, p. 51, p. 64, p. 73, p. 74, p. 88, p. 97.
• The plants of Michigan; simple keys for the identification of the native seed plants of the state, by Henry Allan Gleason. Ann Arbor, G. Wahr, c1918. url p. 7.
• The principles of agronomy; a text-book of crop production for high-schools and short-courses in agricultural colleges, by Franklin S. Harris. .. and George Stewart. New York, The Macmillan company, 1915. url p. 181, p. 297.
• The standard cyclopedia of horticulture; a discussion, for the amateur, and the professional and commercial grower, of the kinds, characteristics and methods of cultivation of the species of plants grown in the regions of the United States a Illustrated with colored plates, four thousand engravings in the text, and ninety-six full-page cuts. New York, Macmillan, 1919 [c1914] url p. 578.
• The study of plant communities: an introduction to plant ecology. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman, 1948. url p. 373.
• The transactions of the Yorkshire Naturalists' Union. Leeds [etc.] url p. 194.
• The weed flora of Iowa / [by L. H. Pammel; with the collaboration of Charlotte M. King. .. et al.] Des Moines: Iowa Geological Survey, 1913. url p. 420, p. 50, p. 51, p. 715, p. 728, p. 733, p. 787, p. 819.
• The weed flora of Iowa Des Moines, Iowa geological survey, 1913. url , , , , , , .
• The weed flora of Iowa. .. Des Moines, Iowa Geological Survey, 1913. url p. 420, p. 51, p. 733, p. 787, p. 819.
• Torreya. Burlington, Vt., Torrey Botanical Club, 1901-1945. url p. 130, p. 133, p. 155, p. 176, p. 177, p. 2, p. 222, p. 231, p. 237, p. 51, p. 99.
• Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis. 25 1926 [St. Louis: Academy of Science of St. Louis], 1860-1958. url p. 99.
• Transactions of the Edinburgh Field Naturalists' and Microscopical Society. [Edinburgh]: The Club, 1891- url p. 141.
• Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science. Springfield, Ill., Illinois State Academy of Science [etc.] url p. 175, p. 178.
• Transactions of the Kentucky Academy of Science. [Lexington, Ky.]Kentucky Academy of Science, 1923-1997. url p. 147, p. 23.
• Tulane studies in zoology and botany. 22 New Orleans: Tulane University, [1968- url .
• University of Kansas publications, Museum of Natural History. 2 1948 Lawrence, University of Kansas. url p. 270, p. 342, p. 471, p. 475.
• Vascular plant and sensitive plant species inventory for the highland mountains, Deerlodge National Forest; prepared for Deerlodge National Forest / prepared by Peter Lesica. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1992] url p. 24, p. 45.
• Vegetation and flora of the Line Creek Plateau area, Carbon County, Montana / prepared by Peter Lesica and the Montana Natural Heritage Program; prepared for USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1993] url p. 23.
• Weeds of the North Central States. Urbana, Ill: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station, [1981] url p. 279.
• Weeds of the farm and garden, by L.H. Pammel. .. New York, Orange Judd, 1912. url , p. 56.
• Wildfire succession in plant communities natural to the Alkali Creek vicinity, Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge, Montana / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 2001. url .
• Woodhawk botanical survey, Fergus County, Montana, Lewistown District of the Bureau of Land Management / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1997. url p. 23, p. 25, p. 34.
• Yearbook of agriculture. WashingtonU.S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 275.

Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
• "Bromus tectorum". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 373, 380, 382. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 16, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 5 providers.
• National Invasive Species Information Center, National Agricultural Library, United States Department of Agriculture. Web Site. Accessed May 3, 2008.
• Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 25, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 15, 2007:

• Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, GEO Biodiversity Day
• Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Herbarium Willing
• Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Botany
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Lund Botanical Museum
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2660817
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-526998
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13727946
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:75256-3
• GRIN Nomen Number: 7880
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 40524
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA151H2
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: BRTEN
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 21499

Footnotes

1. Liang Liu, Guanghua Zhu & Klaus Ammann "Bromus". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 370, 371. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Bromus tectorum". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 373, 380, 382. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 508.170 meters (1,667.224 feet), Standard Deviation = 595.480 based on 1,768 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.