Bromus carinatus

• Overview
• Interesting Facts
• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Genus Bromus

Annuals or perennials . Culms erect , tufted or with rhizomes. Leaf sheaths closed ; leaf blades linear , usually flat; ligules membranous. Panicles spreading or contracted , branches scabrid or pubescent , elongated or arched. Spikelets large, with 3 to many florets , upper florets often sterile ; rachilla disarticulating above glumes and between florets, scabrid or shortly hairy ; glumes unequal or subequal , shorter than spikelet, lanceolate or nearly ovate , (1-) 5-7-veined, apex acute or long acuminate or aristiform ; floret callus glabrous or both sides thinly hairy; lemmas rounded on back or compressed to keel, 5-9(-11) -veined, herbaceous or nearly leathery, margins often membranous, apex entire or 2-toothed; awn terminal or arising from lemma between teeth slightly under apex, rarely awnless or 3-awned; palea narrow, usually shorter than lemma, keels ciliate or scabrid. Lodicules 2. Stamens 3. Ovary apex with appendage ; styles 2, arising from lower front of appendage. Caryopsis oblong , apex hairy, adaxial surface sulcate . Chromosomes large, x = 7, 2n = 14, 28, 42, 56, 70.

About 150 species: temperate regions , mainly in the N hemisphere, also on mountains in the tropics; 55 species (eight endemic, at least three introduced ) in China.[1]

Physical Description

Habitat

Cultivated.[2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 5,107 meters (0 to 16,755 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Annual , Biennial, Perennial

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Bromus carinatus var. hookerianus (Thurb.) Shear • Bromus laciniatus Beal • Ceratochloa carinata (Hook. & Arn.) Tutin • Ceratochloa carinata (Hooker & Arnott) Tutin.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Last scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Similar Species

Members of the genus Bromus

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 88 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

B. aleutensis (Aleutian Brome) · B. alopecuros (Roadside Brome) · B. alopecuros caroli-henrici (Weedy Brome) · B. anomalus (Nodding Bromegrass) · B. arenarius (Australian Brome) · B. arizonicus (Arizona Brome) · B. arvensis (Field Brome) · B. benekkenii (Brome) · B. berterianus (Chilean Brome) · B. biebersteinii (Meadow Brome) · B. briziformis (Rattlesnake Brome) · B. carinatus (California Brome) · B. catharticus (Prairie Grass) · B. ciliatus (Canadian Brome) · B. ciliatus var. ciliatus (Fringed Brome) · B. ciliatus var. richardsonii (Fringed Brome) · B. commutatus (Hairy Brome) · B. danthoniae (Oat Brome) · B. diandrus (Great Brome) · B. erectus (Erect Brome) · B. erectus erectus (Upright Brome) · B. frondosus (Weeping Brome) · B. grandis (Tall Brome) · B. grossus (Whiskered Brome) · B. hordaceus (Soft Chess) · B. hordeaceus (Soft Brome) · B. hordeaceus hordeaceus (Soft Brome) · B. hordeaceus molliformis (Soft Brome) · B. hordeaceus thominei (Soft Brome) · B. hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus (Downy Brome) · B. hordeaceus subsp. molliformis (Soft Brome) · B. hordeaceus subsp. thominei (Soft Brome) · B. inermis (Awnless Brome) · B. inermis inermis (Awnless Brome) · B. inermis inermis var. inermis (Smooth Brome) · B. inermis pumpellianus (Pumpelly's Brome) · B. inermis pumpellianus var. pumpellianus (Pumpelly's Brome) · B. inermis var. arcticus (Awnless Brome) · B. inermis var. inermis (Smooth Brome) · B. inermis subsp. pumpellianus (Pumpelly's Brome) · B. inermis 'Skinner's Gold' (Skinner's Gold Smooth Brome) · B. japonicus (Japanese Brome) · B. kalmii (Arctic Brome) · B. laevipes (Chinook Brome) · B. lanatipes (Woolly Brome) · B. lanceolatus (Mediterranean Brome) · B. latiglumis (Broad-Glumed Brome) · B. lepidus (Slender Soft Brome) · B. luzonensis (Hoary Brome) · B. madritensis (Compact Brome) · B. madritensis madritensis (Compact Brome) · B. mango (Mango Brome) · B. marginatus (Mountain Brome) · B. marginatus var. marginatus (Large Mountain Brome) · B. maritimus (Seaside Brome) · B. mollis non (Soft Chess) · B. mucroglumis (Arizona Brome) · B. nottowayanus (Nottoway Brome Grass) · B. orcuttianus (Orcutt Brome) · B. orcuttianus var. orcuttianus (Orcutt's Brome) · B. pacificus (Pacific Brome) · B. polyanthus (Basin Brome) · B. polyanthus var. paniculatus (Great Basin Brome) · B. polyanthus var. polyanthus (Great Basin Brome) · B. porteri (Nodding Brome) · B. pseudolaevipes (Coast Range Brome) · B. pubescens (Hairy Wood Brome Grass) · B. racemosus (Bald Brome) · B. ramosus (Bald Brome) · B. ramosus benekenii (Hairy Brome) · B. ramosus ramosus (Hairy Brome) · B. richardsonii var. richardsonii (Richardson´s Brome) · B. rigidus (Ripgut Brome) · B. riparius (Meadow Brome) · B. rubens (Foxtail Brome) · B. scoparius (Broom Brome) · B. secalinus (Bromegrass) · B. sitchensis (Alaska Brome) · B. sitchensis var. sitchensis (Sitka Brome) · B. squarrosus (Corn Brome) · B. squarrosus squarrosus (Corn Brome) · B. stamineus (Roadside Brome) · B. sterilis (Barren Bromegrass) · B. suksdorfii (Suksdorf's Brome) · B. tectorum (Cheat Grass) · B. tectorum var. tectorum (Cheatgrass) · B. texensis (Texas Brome) · B. vulgaris (Columbia Brome)

More Info

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Further Reading

• 2002 list of ecological comm[u]nities for Montana / prepared by Montana Natural Heritage Program, Montana State Library. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, 2002 url .
• A descriptive catalogue of the grasses of the United States, including especially the grass collections at the New Orleans exposition made by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Washington, Gibson Bros., 1885. url .
• A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 177, p. 177.
• A flora of northwest America: containing brief descriptions of all the known indigenous and naturalized plants growing without cultivation north of California, west of Utah, and south of British Columbia / by Thomas Howell. Vol. 1, Phanerogamae. Portland, Or.: [s.n.], 1903. url p. 773.
• A preliminary list of the Uredinales of California, by Walter C. Blasdale. Berkeley: University of California press, 1919. url p. 118, p. 154.
• A synthesis of evolutionary theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1962. url p. 202.
• Allan Hancock Pacific expeditions. [Reports] Los Angeles, University of Southern California Press. url p. 309.
• American plants. .. [Descriptions, bibliographical notes, synonymy, and other information, comp. from many sources] Charles Russell Orcutt, editor. San Diego, Calif., [1907]-1910. url p. 519.
• An illustrated flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford University, Stanford University Press, 1923-[60] url p. 228, p. 229.
• Assessment of the Red Rock River subbasin and wetlands of the Centennial Valley / Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2009. url p. 11.
• Bio-ecology, by Frederic E. Clements. .. and Victor E. Shelford. .. New York, J. Wiley & Sons, inc.;1939. url p. 287.
• Britton, N. L. (ed.). North American flora. 7 1920 [New York]New York Botanical Garden. url p. 335, p. 338, p. 868.
• Bulletin / U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington: G.P.O., 1901-1913. url p. 229, p. 40.
• Bulletin / United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Agrostology. Washington, D.C.: The Division, 1895-1901. url p. 3, p. 59, p. 6, p. 60, p. 61.
• Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: The Museum, 1950-1977. url p. 75, p. 92.
• Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. Los Angeles, Calif.: The Academy, 1902-1971. url p. 129, p. 157, p. 49.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 28 1901 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url p. 244.
• Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1913-1923. url p. 14, p. 25, p. 5, p. 5.
• Bulletin. Bureau of Plant Industry. U. S. Department of Agriculture. 1901-13. WashingtonGovt. Print. Off. url p. 215, p. 229, p. 59, p. 75, p. 79.
• California art & nature San Diego url .
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• Colchicine in agriculture, medicine, biology, and chemistry [by] O. J. Eigsti [and] Pierre Dustin, Jr. Ames, Iowa State College Press[1955] url p. 302.
• Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 11 1906 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1890- url p. 142, p. 159, p. 163, p. 167, p. 171, p. 172, p. 177, p. 178, p. 180, p. 184, p. 190, p. 230, p. 231, p. 317, p. 322, p. 383, p. 630.
• Cooperative economic insect report. Hyattsville, MD. [etc.]Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs Animal and Plant Health Service. url p. 779.
• Dedication papers: scientific papers presented at the dedication of the laboratory building and plant houses, April 19-21, 1917. Brooklyn, N.Y.: Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1918. url p. 292.
• Elementary flora of the Northwest, Cincinnati [etc.]American Book Company[c1914] url .
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• Erigenia: journal of the Illinois Native Plant Society. Carbondale, Ill.: The Society, 1982- url p. 19.
• Erythea. a journal of botany, West American and general. 3 1895 Berkeley, Calif., University of California, 1893-1922. url p. 155.
• Evolution: process and product. New York, Reinhold[1960] url p. 304.
• Experiment station record. Washington: G.P.O., 1889-1946. url p. 136, p. 428.
• Family #15, Gramineae / Richard W. Pohl. 4 1980 [Chicago]: Field Museum of Natural History, 1980. url p. 112, p. 598.
• Farm grasses of the United States; a practical treatise on the grass crop, seeding and management of meadows and pastures, descriptions of the best varieties, the seed and its impurities, grasses for special conditions, etc., etc. New York, O. Judd company, 1916. url .
• Flora of Santa Catalina island (California) / Charles Frederick Millspaugh and Lawrence William Nuttall. 5 1923 Chicago, 1923. url p. 58.
• Flora of southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho / by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Lancaster, Pa.: New Era, 1914. url p. 32.
• Flora of the southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho, Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New Era Printing Company, 1914. url .
• Flora of the state of Washington. By Charles V. Piper. Washington, Govt. Print. Off., 1906. url p. 142.
• Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 707.
• Hooker, W. J. & G. A. W. Arnott. The botany of Captain Beechey's voyage;comprising an acount of the plants collected by Messrs. Lay and Collie, and other officers of the expedition, during the voyage to the Pacific and Behring's Strait, performed in His Majesty's ship Blossom, under the command of Captain F. W. Beechey. .. in the years 1825, 26, 27, and 28.By Sir William Jackson Hooker. .. and G. A. Walker Arnott. .. 1841 London, H. G. Bohn, 1841. url p. 403, p. 450.
• How to know the grasses; pictured-keys for determining the common and important American grasses, with suggestions and aids for their study. Dubuque, Iowa, W. C. Brown Co.[1954] url p. 60.
• Hydrochemical, vegetational and microbiological effects of a natural and a constructed wetland on the control of acid mine drainage / Bozeman, Mont.?: Montana State Univ.?, 1988 url .
• Improving California ranges / Berkeley, Calif.: College of Agriculture, University of California, 1945. url .
• Index to the names of North American grasses: a report presented to the Society for the Promotion of Agricultural Science, at the Indianapolis meeting, 1890 / [S.l.]Published by authority of the Society, 1980? url p. 3.
• Introduction to genetics and cytogenetics. New York, J. Wiley[1948] url p. 467, p. 578.
• Leaf-mining insects / by James G. Needham, Stuart W. Frost, Beatrice H. Tothill. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins company, [c1928] url p. 306.
• Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url , , , p. 56.
• Manual of the grasses of the United States / by A.S. Hitchcock. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1935. url p. 31, p. 37, p. 38, p. 812.
• Memoirs / Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Brooklyn, N.Y.: The Garden, 1918-1936. url p. 239, p. 292.
• Memoirs of the San Diego Society of Natural History. 12 1981 San Diego, Calif.: The Society, 1931-1989. url p. 28.
• Muhlenbergia. Chico, Calif. [etc] url p. 107.
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• Natural history of the ground squirrels of California, by Joseph Grinnell and Joseph Dixon. .. Sacramento, California State Printing Office, 1918. url p. 56.
• North American fauna. Washington: Fish and Wildlife Service; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U. S. Govt. Print. Off. url p. 28.
• Occasional papers - San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego, The Society. url p. 19.
• Occasional papers of the California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, url .
• Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 71.
• Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 209, p. 226, p. 329, p. 335, p. 364, p. 441.
• Point Lobos Reseerve; State Park, California. Interpretation of a primitive landscape. Sacramento, [State Print. Off., 1954] url p. 88.
• Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Boston: Metcalf and Co., 1846-1958 url p. 664.
• Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History. Boston [etc.]Boston Society of Natural History. url p. 145.
• Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 279, p. 307, p. 309, p. 311, p. 315, p. 318, p. 319, p. 320, p. 321, p. 400, p. 657.
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 575, p. 590, p. 591, p. 592, p. 602, p. 706, p. 722.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. Sydney, Linnean Society of New South Wales. url p. 152.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 405, p. 437.
• Range and pasture management, by Arthur W. Sampson. New York, John Wiley, 1923. url p. 57.
• Range plant handbook. Washington, U. S. Govt. print. off., 1937. url p. viii.
• Report for the year - British Columbia Provincial Museum. [Victoria]; Printed by A. Sutton [etc.], for the Queen. url .
• Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture. .. Washington: G.P.O., 1863-1889. url p. 105, p. 158.
• Reports of explorations and surveys, to ascertain the most practicable and economical route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. Made under the direction of the secretary of war, in 1853-[6]. .. 4 1856 Washington, A.O.P. Nicholson, Printer [etc.]1855-60. url p. 157, p. 171.
• Sensitive plant species survey, Ashland District, Custer National Forest, Powder River and Rosebud Counties, Montana / by Bonnie L. Heidel and Hollis Marriott; for Custer National Forest. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1996] url .
• Sensitive plant survey of the Tendoy Mountains, in the Beaverhead National Forest, Beaverhead County, Montana / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst; prepared for United States Forest Service, Beaverhead National Forest. Helena, Mt.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1995] url p. 66.
• Sensitive plant surveys in the Big Belt and Elkhorn Mountains, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, Region 1, Helena National Forest, Montana / prepared by Jackie M. Poole and Bonnie L. Heidel; prepared for Helena National Forest. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1993] url , , , .
• Sensitive plant surveys in the Gallatin National Forest, Montana / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst; prepared for U.S. Forest Service, Gallatin National Forest. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1994]. url p. 51, p. 75.
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• Sensitive, threatened, and endangered vascular plants of Montana / Peter Lesica, J. Stephen Shelly. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, Montana State Library, 1991. url p. 83.
• Survey for Botrychium paradoxum in the vicinity of Storm Lake, Deerlodge National Forest / prepared by Jim Vanderhorst; prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c1993. url p. 53.
• Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 29.
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• The Great Basin naturalist. 52 1992 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 109, p. 14, fig. 3, page 146, fig. 4, page 147, fig. 5, page 148, p. 150, p. 214, p. 269, p. 290, p. 425, p. 429, p. 471, p. 53, p. 62, p. 643, p. 65, p. 743, p. 85.
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• The agricultural grasses and forage plants of the United States; and such foreign kinds as have been introduced. By Dr. Geo. Vasey; with an appendix on the chemical composition of grasses, by Clifford Richardson. Washington: Govt. print. off., 1889. url p. 123.
• The future of arid lands: papers and recommendations from the International Arid Lands Meetings / edited by Gilbert F. White. Washington, D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1956. url p. 346.
• The genera of grasses of the United States: with special reference to the economic species / by A.S. Hitchcock. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1920. url p. 25.
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• The plant community [by] Herbert C. Hanson [and] Ethan D. Churchill. New York, Reinhold Pub. Corp.[1961] url p. 86.
• Torreya. Burlington, Vt., Torrey Botanical Club, 1901-1945. url p. 154, p. 227, p. 232, p. 248, p. 251.
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• Vascular plant and sensitive plant species inventory for the highland mountains, Deerlodge National Forest; prepared for Deerlodge National Forest / prepared by Peter Lesica. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1992] url , , p. 105, p. 24, p. 45, p. 97.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 17, 2007:

• Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
• Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
• Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
• Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
• Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
• Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad
• , Biodiversidad de Costa Rica
• International Plant Genetic Resources Institute(IPGRI), EURISCO
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
• The Swedish Museum of Natural History
• , Botany
• Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
• Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2660782
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-40481
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13727946
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:393603-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 7783
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 40481
• MoBot NameID: 25511698
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA150A0
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: CECA11
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 24093

Footnotes

1. Liang Liu, Guanghua Zhu & Klaus Ammann "Bromus". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 370, 371. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. "Bromus carinatus". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 372, 386. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 527.770 meters (1,731.529 feet), Standard Deviation = 690.280 based on 1,088 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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