Bouteloua curtipendula

• Common Names
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Common Names

Click on the language to view common names.

Description

Family Poaceae

Annual or perennial herbs, or tall woody bamboos . Flowering stems (culms ) jointed , internodes hollow or solid; branches arising singly from nodes and subtended by a leaf sheath and 2-keeled prophyll, often fascicled in bamboos. Leaves arranged alternately in 2 ranks , differentiated into sheath, blade , and an adaxial erect appendage at sheath/blade junction (ligule) ; leaf sheath surrounding and supporting culm-internode, split to base or infrequently tubular with partially or completely fused margins , modified with reduced blade in bamboos (culm sheaths) ; leaf blades divergent, usually long, narrow and flat, but varying from inrolled and filiform to ovate , veins parallel, sometimes with cross-connecting veinlets (especially in bamboos) ; ligule membranous or a line of hairs . Inflorescence terminal or axillary , an open, contracted , or spikelike panicle, or composed of lax to spikelike racemes arranged along an elongate central axis, or digitate, paired , or occasionally solitary; axillary inflorescences often many, subtended by spatheoles (specialized bladeless leaf sheaths) and gathered into a leafy compound panicle; spikelets often aggregated into complex clusters in bamboos. Spikelets composed of distichous bracts arranged along a slender axis (rachilla) ; typically 2 lowest bracts (glumes ) empty, subtending 1 to many florets ; glumes often poorly differentiated from accompanying bracts in bamboos. Florets composed of 2 opposing bracts enclosing a single small flower, outer bract (lemma) clasping the more delicate, usually 2-keeled inner bract (palea) ; base of floret often with thickened prolongation articulated with rachilla (callus) ; lemma often with apical or dorsal bristle (awn ), glumes also sometimes awned . Flowers bisexual or unisexual ; lodicules (small scales representing perianth) 2, rarely 3 or absent, 3 to many in bamboos, hyaline or fleshy ; stamens 3 rarely 1, 2, 6, or more in some bamboos, hypogynous, filaments capillary , anthers versatile; ovary 1-celled, styles (1 or) 2(rarely 3), free or united at base, topped by feathery stigmas, exserted from sides or apex of floret. Fruit normally a dry indehiscent caryopsis with thin pericarp firmly adherent to seed, pericarp rarely free, fleshy in some bamboos; embryo small or large; hilum punctate to linear .

About 700 genera and 11,000 species: widely distributed in all regions of the world.[1]

Genus Bouteloua

Annuals or perennials . Culms mostly tufted . Leaf blades narrow; ligule a line of hairs . Inflorescence of racemes inserted singly along an axis; racemes unilateral , 1-80, short, deciduous or persistent ; spikelets sessile, few to numerous , biseriate , sometimes pectinate ; rachis narrow, flat, ending in a straight or forked point . Spikelets subterete or laterally compressed , fertile floret 1, usually 2nd sterile floret present, rarely this reduced to a rachilla extension ; glumes unequal, narrow, membranous, 1-veined, keeled , acuminate to awn-pointed; lemma of fertile floret ± as long as upper glume, rounded or keeled on back, thinly leathery, 3-veined, veins excurrent into 3 short awns , central awn sometimes flanked by 2 teeth, less often apex simply acute; palea veins sometimes excurrent; sterile floret variable within a species or even an individual specimen, usually lemma body reduced and prominently awned . Caryopsis ellipsoid . x = 7, 10.

About 40 species: Canada to Argentina, centered on Mexico; two species (both introduced ) in China.[2]

Physical Description

Habitat

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,848 meters (0 to 15,906 feet).[3]

Biology

Reproduction

Duration: Perennial • Coppice Potential: No • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: No • Propagated by Container: No • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: No • Propagated by Seed: Yes • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: No • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Summer • Fruit/Seed Period End: Fall • Fruit/Seed Persistence: No

Growth

Culture: Space 12-15" apart.

Soil: Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes • Anaerobic Tolerance: None • Salinity Tolerance: Medium • CaCO3 Tolerance: High • Minimum pH: 5.5 • Maximum pH: 7.8 • Fertility Requirement: Medium

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun . • Shade Tolerance: Intolerant

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: Medium • Minimum Precipitation: 6 • Maximum Precipitation: 25 • Moisture Use: Medium

Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): -33 • Minimum Frost Free Days: 120 • Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b. (map)

Taxonomy

Unambiguous Synonyms

1. Andropogon curtipendulum (Michx.) Spreng. Ex Steud.
2. Atheropogon curtipendulus (Michaux) E. Fournier
3. Atheropogon curtipendulus (Michx.) E. Fourn.
4. Chloris curtipendula Michaux, Fl. Bor. -Amer. 1: 59. 1803
5. Chloris curtipendula Michx.
6. Cynodon curtipendulus (Michaux) Raspail
7. Cynodon curtipendulus (Michx.) Raspail
8. Dinebra curtipendula (Michaux) P. Beauvois
9. Dinebra curtipendula (Michx.) P. Beauv.
10. Eutriana curtipendula (Michaux) Trinius.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name . Latest taxonomic scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000

Place of publication : R. B . Marcy, Explor. Red River Louisiana 300. 1853 (W. H. Emory, Not. milit. reconn. 154. 1848, nom. provis.)

Name verified on 24-Feb-2004 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 24-Feb-2004

Similar Species

Members of the genus Bouteloua

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 159 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:

B. acuminata · B. alamosana · B. americana (American Grama) · B. annua · B. arenosa · B. aristidioides · B. aristidoides (Needle Gramma) · B. aristidoides var. aristidoides (Arizona Needle Grama) · B. aristidoides var. arizonica (Arizona Needle Grama) · B. aristoides · B. aschenborniana · B. barbata (Six Weeks Gramma) · B. barbata var. barbata · B. barbata var. major · B. barbata var. sonorae · B. bolanderi · B. brachyathera · B. bracteata · B. brasiliensis · B. brevifolia · B. breviseta (Gypsum Grama Grass) · B. bromoides · B. bromoides var. bromoides · B. burkei · B. burkii · B. butuostiga · B. chasei · B. chihuahuana · B. chondrioisoides · B. chondrosioides (Spruce-Top Gramma) · B. chondrosoides · B. ciliata · B. curtipendula (Tall Grama Grass) · B. curtipendula 'El Reno' · B. curtipendula 'Trailway' · B. curtipendula var. aristosa · B. curtipendula var. caespitosa (Sideoats Grama) · B. curtipendula var. curtipendula (Side-Oats Grama) · B. curtipendula var. tenuis · B. dactyloides (Legacy Buffalo Grass) · B. dimorpha · B. distans · B. disticha · B. diversispicula · B. elata · B. elatior · B. eludens (Santa Rita Mountain Grama) · B. erecta · B. eriopoda (Woolly Foot Grama) · B. eriopoda var. eriostachya · B. eriostachya · B. filiformis · B. foena · B. foenea · B. fournierana · B. glandulosa · B. gracilis (Grama-Needlegrass) · B. gracilis 'Hachita' (Blue Grama Grass) · B. gracilis var. gracilis · B. griffithsii · B. havardi · B. havardii · B. heterostega · B. hirsuta (Hairy Gramma) · B. hirsuta minor · B. hirsuta pectinata · B. hirsuta hirsuta · B. hirsuta var. hirsuta (Hairy Grama) · B. hirsuta var. minor · B. hirsuta var. pectinata (Tall Grama) · B. hirta · B. hirticulmis · B. humboldtiana · B. humilis · B. johnstoni · B. johnstonii · B. juncea (Lamilla) · B. juncifolia · B. karwinskii · B. kayi (Kay's Grama) · B. latifolia · B. litigiosa · B. litigosa · B. longiseta · B. lophostachya · B. major · B. media · B. megapotamica · B. melicaeformis · B. melicoides · B. mexicana · B. micrantha · B. micranthaa · B. microstachya · B. microstachys · B. multifida · B. multiseta · B. nervatus · B. oligostachya · B. oligostachya major

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Further Reading

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Notes

Contributors

• Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
• "Bouteloua curtipendula". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 494. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed October 5, 2006.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 21, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 62 providers.
• USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 21, 2007:

• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
• USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
• University of Alabama Biodiversity and Systematics, Herbarium
• Utah Valley State College
• , Utah Valley State College Herbarium

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2661509
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-41500
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13753982
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:392772-1
• GRIN Nomen Number: 7524
• Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 41500
• Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PMPOA10060
• U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: BOCU
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 24792

Footnotes

1. Shou-liang Chen, De-Zhu Li, Guanghua Zhu, Zhenlan Wu, Sheng-lian Lu, Liang Liu, Zheng-ping Wang, Bi-xing Sun, Zheng-de Zhu, Nianhe Xia, Liang-zhi Jia, Zhenhua Guo, Wenli Chen, Xiang Chen, Yang Guangyao, Sylvia M. Phillips, Chris Stapleton, Robert J. Soreng, Susan G. Aiken, Nikolai N. Tzvelev, Paul M. Peterson, Stephen A. Renvoize, Marina V. Olonova & Klaus Ammann "Poaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 22. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
2. Bi-xing Sun & Sylvia M. Phillips "Bouteloua". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 488, 494. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
3. Mean = 315.950 meters (1,036.581 feet), Standard Deviation = 440.360 based on 9,331 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

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