Bidens hyperborea (Estuary Beggar-Ticks)

Overview

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Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

Estuary Beggar-Ticks, Estuary Beggarticks

Common Names in French:

Bident Hyperboréal

Description

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Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Tribe Heliantheae

The Heliantheae are a tribe of closely related genera of the sunflower family that can be readily recognized due to the association of a receptacular bract or chaff scale with each disk floret in the head . The heads usually include bisexual , actinomorphic disk florets with tubular corollas that have 4 or 5 distal lobes and also peripheral zygomorphic female or sometimes sterile florets with strap-shaped corollas that have 3 or fewer distal teeth. However, the ray flowers are sometimes absent and the heads are then discoid , containing only bisexual florets with tubular corollas. The pappus is absent or more commonly ranges from scales to stiff bristles . -- Gerald Carr.

Genus Bidens

Annuals or perennials [shrubs , vines ], 5400 cm. Stems usually 1, usually erect , (terete or 4-angled, often striate or sulcate ) branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves usually cauline; usually opposite, rarely whorled , distal sometimes alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades simple , compound (leaflets petiolulate ), or 13+-pinnatisect or -pinnately lobed (submerged leaves multifid in B . beckii, an aquatic ), ultimate margins entire, dentate , laciniate , serrate, or toothed , faces usually glabrous , sometimes hirtellous, hispidulous , pilosulous, puberulent , scabrellous, or strigillose . Heads usually radiate or discoid , sometimes ± disciform , usually in corymbiform arrays, sometimes in 2s or 3s or borne singly. Calyculi of (3) 513(21+) erect to spreading or reflexed , ± herbaceous (sometimes foliaceous ) bractlets or bracts (sometimes surpassing phyllaries). Involucres mostly hemispheric or campanulate to cylindric , (1) 412(25+) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent , mostly (4) 821(30+) in ± 2 series, usually distinct , sometimes connate 0.050.1 their lengths , mostly oblong or ovate to lance-oblong, chartaceous to membranous or scarious (usually striate with brownish nerves , margins usually hyaline ). Receptacles flat or slightly convex , paleate; paleae usually falling, (usually stramineous , sometimes yellow to orange, with darker striae) ± flat to slightly navicular . Ray florets usually 121+ (often 3, 5, 8, or 13), sometimes 0, usually neuter , sometimes styliferous and sterile ; corollas usually yellow, sometimes white or pinkish. Disc florets (5) 1260(150+), bisexual , fertile ; corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes whitish [purplish], tubes shorter than throats , lobes (3) 5, ± deltate (staminal filaments glabrous; style-branch appendages deltate or lanceolate to subulate ). Cypselae usually obcompressed to flat, unequally 34-angled, and cuneate to oblanceolate or obovate , sometimes (all or inner) ± equally 4-angled and linear-fusiform, rarely subterete, margins (± corky-winged in B. aristosa, B. cernua, and B. polylepis) usually retrorsely, sometimes patently or antrorsely, barbed or ciliate , apices sometimes attenuate, not beaked [beaked], faces smooth , striate, or ± tuberculate , glabrous or hairy , each sometimes with 2 grooves ; pappi 0, or persistent, of (1) 24(8) usually retrorsely, sometimes antrorsely, barbellate or ciliate, rarely smooth, awns . x = 13.

Species 150-250+: widespread, especially in subtropical , tropical , and warm-temperate North America and South America.

Within species of Bidens, leaves may be simple, 1-pinnately compound, or 1-3-pinnatisect or -pinnately or -ternately lobed. For compound leaves, leaflets are described; for leaves mostly 1-pinnately lobed, primary lobes are described; for leaves 2-3-pinnatisect or -pinnately lobed, the ultimate lobes are described. Involucres in Bidens species are subtended by more or less herbaceous (sometimes foliaceous) bractlets or bracts; collectively, they constitute calyculi and they often well surpass the phyllaries. Together, phyllaries constitute involucres. In keys and descriptions here, shapes , heights , and diameters given for involucres are for involucres at flowering; involucres are sometimes notably larger in fruit. In some Bidens species, the outer and inner cypselae are obcompressed (unequally 3-4-angled) to flat, are mostly cuneate to obovate or nearly linear (broadest at or near apices), and are more or less similar except for sizes (outer smaller) ; in other species, the outer cypselae are obcompressed to flat and obovate to cuneate or linear and the inner are more or less equally 4-angled (in cross section ) and linear-fusiform (thickest near their middles and more or less attenuate toward their tips ).[1]

Physical Description

Species Bidens hyperborea

Annuals , (5-) 10-30(-70+) cm. Leaves sessile or petioles 5-25 mm (± winged ) ; blades oblanceolate to linear , 15-40(-100+) × (3-) 6-10(-15+) mm, bases cuneate, margins entire or ± serrate, sometimes ciliate , apices rounded or obtuse to attenuate, faces glabrous . Heads borne singly or in 2s or 3s. Peduncles 10-60 mm. Calyculi of 2-3(-9) erect , oblanceolate to lance-linear (± foliaceous ) bractlets or bracts (6-) 10-20(-75+) mm, margins usually ciliolate , abaxial faces glabrous. Involucres usually ± campanulate to cylindric , sometimes ± hemispheric , 5-7(-9) × (4-) 7-10 mm. Phyllaries 6-8(-12), oblong , 6-11 mm (tips usually yellow, as are tips of paleae). Ray florets 0 or 3-7; laminae pale yellow, 4-12 mm. Disc florets 15-30(-60) ; corollas yellow (often orange-tipped), 3-4 mm. Cypselae blackish to olive, flattened, narrowly cuneate, outer 4-9 mm, inner 5-10 mm, margins retrorsely barbed , apices ± truncate to convex , faces ± 1-nerved, ± striate , glabrous; pappi of (2-) 3-4 ± erect, retrorsely barbed awns 2-5 mm. [source]

Habit: Forb/herb

Habitat

Marshes, borders of estuaries; 0-10 m [2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 243 meters (0 to 797 feet).[3]

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Asteridae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Campanulanae () - Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
        Order: Asterales () - Lindley, 1833
        Family: Compositae () - Giseke, 1792, nom. cons., nom. alt.
        Subfamily: Asteroideae ()
        Tribe: Heliantheae ()
        Subtribe: Coreopsidinae ()
        Genus: Bidens () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Beggar-ticks [Latin bis, two, and dens, tooth, alluding to 2-awned pappi of the original species]
        Specific epithet: hyperborea - Greene
        Botanical name: - Bidens hyperborea Greene

Synonyms

B. hyperborea var. cathancensis Fernald • B. hyperborea var. colpophila (Fernald & H. St. john) Fernald • B. hyperborea var. gaspensis Fernald • B. hyperborea var. svensonii Fassett • Bidens hyperborea var. arcuans Fernald

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Data Providers: Govaerts World Compositae Checklist A-G, IPNI, Tropicos. GCC LSID: urn :lsid:compositae.org:names:EC1CC38F-C561-40E6-AE98-D60A79ED29DE

Last scrutiny: 11-Aug-09

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Bidens

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 90 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

More Info

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Notes

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Contributors

"Bidens hyperborea". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 208, 216. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-2006. Systema Naturae 2000. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Accessed April 19, 2007.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
GCC: Global Compositae Checklist. Release date: November 18, 2009
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed January 24, 2008. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 2 providers.
Light, Kris. East Tennessee Wildflowers
Parhost World Database of FleasNov 2, 2005.
Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
The International Plant Names Index. Accessed Jan 19, 2007.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal January 26, 2008:

Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2657383
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-23464
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 35725
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST180X0
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: BIHYC BIHY
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 25269

Footnotes

John L. Strother, Ronald R. Weedon "Bidens". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 184, 185, 205, 206. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
"Bidens hyperborea". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 208, 216. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Mean = 80.940 meters (265.551 feet), Standard Deviation = 78.920 based on 16 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Bidens hyperborea

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Compositae

Tribe Heliantheae

Genus Bidens

Physical Description

Species Bidens hyperborea

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Bidens

More Info

Further Reading

Notes

Contributors

Data Sources

Identifiers

Footnotes