Bidens connata (Purple-Stem Beggarticks)

Overview

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Bidens connata (purplestem beggarticks) Jennifer Anderson. Nahant Marsh, Davenport, Scott Co., IA. 2002

Interesting Facts

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Common Names

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Click on the language to view common names.

Common Names in English:

Purple-Stem Beggarticks, Purple-Stem Swamp Beggar-Ticks, Purplestem Beggarticks

Common Names in French:

Bident Conné

Description

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Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Tribe Heliantheae

The Heliantheae are a tribe of closely related genera of the sunflower family that can be readily recognized due to the association of a receptacular bract or chaff scale with each disk floret in the head . The heads usually include bisexual , actinomorphic disk florets with tubular corollas that have 4 or 5 distal lobes and also peripheral zygomorphic female or sometimes sterile florets with strap-shaped corollas that have 3 or fewer distal teeth. However, the ray flowers are sometimes absent and the heads are then discoid , containing only bisexual florets with tubular corollas. The pappus is absent or more commonly ranges from scales to stiff bristles . -- Gerald Carr.

Genus Bidens

Annuals or perennials [shrubs , vines ], 5400 cm. Stems usually 1, usually erect , (terete or 4-angled, often striate or sulcate ) branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves usually cauline; usually opposite, rarely whorled , distal sometimes alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades simple , compound (leaflets petiolulate ), or 13+-pinnatisect or -pinnately lobed (submerged leaves multifid in B . beckii, an aquatic ), ultimate margins entire, dentate , laciniate , serrate, or toothed , faces usually glabrous , sometimes hirtellous, hispidulous , pilosulous, puberulent , scabrellous, or strigillose . Heads usually radiate or discoid , sometimes ± disciform , usually in corymbiform arrays, sometimes in 2s or 3s or borne singly. Calyculi of (3) 513(21+) erect to spreading or reflexed , ± herbaceous (sometimes foliaceous ) bractlets or bracts (sometimes surpassing phyllaries). Involucres mostly hemispheric or campanulate to cylindric , (1) 412(25+) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent , mostly (4) 821(30+) in ± 2 series, usually distinct , sometimes connate 0.050.1 their lengths , mostly oblong or ovate to lance-oblong, chartaceous to membranous or scarious (usually striate with brownish nerves , margins usually hyaline ). Receptacles flat or slightly convex , paleate; paleae usually falling, (usually stramineous , sometimes yellow to orange, with darker striae) ± flat to slightly navicular . Ray florets usually 121+ (often 3, 5, 8, or 13), sometimes 0, usually neuter , sometimes styliferous and sterile ; corollas usually yellow, sometimes white or pinkish. Disc florets (5) 1260(150+), bisexual , fertile ; corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes whitish [purplish], tubes shorter than throats , lobes (3) 5, ± deltate (staminal filaments glabrous; style-branch appendages deltate or lanceolate to subulate ). Cypselae usually obcompressed to flat, unequally 34-angled, and cuneate to oblanceolate or obovate , sometimes (all or inner) ± equally 4-angled and linear-fusiform, rarely subterete, margins (± corky-winged in B. aristosa, B. cernua, and B. polylepis) usually retrorsely, sometimes patently or antrorsely, barbed or ciliate , apices sometimes attenuate, not beaked [beaked], faces smooth , striate, or ± tuberculate , glabrous or hairy , each sometimes with 2 grooves ; pappi 0, or persistent, of (1) 24(8) usually retrorsely, sometimes antrorsely, barbellate or ciliate, rarely smooth, awns . x = 13.

Species 150-250+: widespread, especially in subtropical , tropical , and warm-temperate North America and South America.

Within species of Bidens, leaves may be simple, 1-pinnately compound, or 1-3-pinnatisect or -pinnately or -ternately lobed. For compound leaves, leaflets are described; for leaves mostly 1-pinnately lobed, primary lobes are described; for leaves 2-3-pinnatisect or -pinnately lobed, the ultimate lobes are described. Involucres in Bidens species are subtended by more or less herbaceous (sometimes foliaceous) bractlets or bracts; collectively, they constitute calyculi and they often well surpass the phyllaries. Together, phyllaries constitute involucres. In keys and descriptions here, shapes , heights , and diameters given for involucres are for involucres at flowering; involucres are sometimes notably larger in fruit. In some Bidens species, the outer and inner cypselae are obcompressed (unequally 3-4-angled) to flat, are mostly cuneate to obovate or nearly linear (broadest at or near apices), and are more or less similar except for sizes (outer smaller) ; in other species, the outer cypselae are obcompressed to flat and obovate to cuneate or linear and the inner are more or less equally 4-angled (in cross section ) and linear-fusiform (thickest near their middles and more or less attenuate toward their tips ).[1]

Physical Description

Species Bidens connata

Annuals , (5-) 25-150(-200) cm. Leaves: sessile or petioles (± winged ) 5-15(-35+) mm; blades ± elliptic to lanceolate, (20-) 40-100(-200+) × 10-30(-70) mm, sometimes laciniately 1-pinnatisect with 1-4+ lobes near bases , bases cuneate, margins entire or dentate to serrate, usually ciliate , apices attenuate, faces glabrous or hirtellous. Heads borne singly or in 2s or 3s. Peduncles 10-35(-80) mm. Calyculi of 2-6+ spreading or ascending , lanceolate, linear , oblanceolate , oblong , or spatulate , ± foliaceous bractlets or bracts 10-25(-35+) mm, margins (entire or serrate) usually ciliate, abaxial faces hispidulous near bases, distally glabrous. Involucres campanulate to hemispheric or broader, (4-) 6-12 × (3-) 6-9(-15+) mm. Phyllaries (6-) 8(-9), elliptic to oblong or ovate , (4-) 5-6(-12) mm. Ray florets usually 0, sometimes 1-5+; laminae yellowish, 4-8 mm. Disc florets (5-) 20-40(-60+) ; corollas pale yellow to orange, 2-3 mm (± abruptly ampliate , anthers usually dark, blackish). Cypselae blackish to purplish or brown, usually (at least inner) ± 4-angled, usually cuneate to linear, sometimes ± obpyramidal , outer (3-) 4-7 mm, inner (4-) 5-8 mm, margins proximally antrorsely to patently, distally retrorsely, barbed , apices ± truncate to concave , faces usually strongly 1-nerved, usually tuberculate , glabrous or setulose ; pappi 0, or of (1-) 2-4(-6), ± erect to spreading, antrorsely or retrorsely barbed awns (0.2-) 2-5 mm. 2n = 48. [source]

Bidens connata may be better treated as part of B . tripartita. [source]

Habit: Forb/herb

Flowers: Flower Color: inconspicuous, none, yellow

Size/Age/Growth

Size: 6-12" tall.

Habitat

Marshes and other wet sites; 10-1700 m [2].

Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 940 meters (0 to 3,084 feet).[3]

Biology

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Reproduction

Duration: Annual

Growth

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun .

Taxonomy

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Domain: Eukaryota () - Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae () - Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
  - Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae () - Cavalier-Smith, 1981
    - Phylum: Tracheophyta () - Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
      - Subphylum: Euphyllophytina ()
        Class: Spermatopsida () - Brongniart, 1843
        Subclass: Asteridae () - Takhtajan, 1967
        Superorder: Campanulanae () - Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
        Order: Asterales () - Lindley, 1833
        Family: Compositae () - Giseke, 1792, nom. cons., nom. alt.
        Subfamily: Asteroideae ()
        Tribe: Heliantheae ()
        Subtribe: Coreopsidinae ()
        Genus: Bidens () - C. Linnaeus, 1753 - Beggar-ticks [Latin bis, two, and dens, tooth, alluding to 2-awned pappi of the original species]
        Specific epithet: connata - Muhl. ex Willd.
        Botanical name: - Bidens connata Muhl. ex Willd.

Synonyms

B. connata var. anomala Farwell • B. connata var. fallax (Warnstorf) Sherff • B. connata var. gracilipes Fernald • B. connata var. inundata Fernald • B. connata var. petiolata (Nuttall) Farwell • B. connata var. pinnata S. Watson • B. connata var. submutica Fassett • Bidens connata var. ambiversa Fassett • Bidens connata var. anomala Farw. • Bidens connata var. fallax (Warnst.) Sherff • Bidens connata var. gracilipes Fern. • Bidens connata var. inundata Fern. • Bidens connata var. petiolata (Nutt.) Farw. • Bidens connata var. pinnata S. Wats. • Bidens connata var. submutica Fassett

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Data Providers: New Zealand Plant Name Database, Govaerts World Compositae Checklist A-G, IPNI, Tropicos, Euro+Med, LCR Editor. GCC LSID: urn :lsid:compositae.org:names:C1B878A5-7814-43EB-A665-B619C7146FB4

Last scrutiny: 11-Nov-09

Similar Species

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Members of the genus Bidens

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 90 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

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Notes

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Contributors

"Bidens connata". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 208, 217. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
GCC: Global Compositae Checklist. Release date: November 18, 2009
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 24, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 9 providers.
Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 24, 2007:

Bundesamt für Naturschutz / Zentralstelle für Phytodiversität Deutschland, Bundesamt fuer Naturschutz / Zentralstelle fuer Phytodiversitaet Deutschland
Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
NLBIF, Limnodata
UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database

Identifiers

Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2657377
Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-974
Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 4490920
Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:50178-3
GRIN Nomen Number: 104083
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 35718
Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST180E0
U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: BICOS
Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 25096

Footnotes

John L. Strother, Ronald R. Weedon "Bidens". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 184, 185, 205, 206. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
"Bidens connata". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 208, 217. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
Mean = 153.320 meters (503.018 feet), Standard Deviation = 169.830 based on 1,145 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]

Bidens connata

Overview

Interesting Facts

Common Names

Description

Family Compositae

Tribe Heliantheae

Genus Bidens

Physical Description

Species Bidens connata

Size/Age/Growth

Habitat

Biology

Reproduction

Growth

Taxonomy

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Notes

Similar Species

Members of the genus Bidens

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Data Sources

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Footnotes