Interesting Facts
Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in English:
Bruisewort, Common Daisy, Daisy, English Daisy, English Lawn Daisy, European Daisy, Lawn Daisy, Lawndaisy
Common Names in Finnish:
Kaunokainen
Common Names in French:
Pâquerette, Pâquerette Commune
Common Names in German:
Gänseblümchen, Tausendschön
Common Names in Italian:
Bellide, Margherite, Pratolina
Common Names in Romanian:
Bănuţi, Părăluţe
Common Names in Russian:
маргаритка, Margaritka
Common Names in Spanish:
Vellorita
Common Names in Swedish:
Tusensköna
Description
Genus Bellis
Perennials [annuals
], 5-20 cm (scapiform
; rhizomes herbaceous [roots
fibrous
]). Stems erect
, simple
, strigose
. Leaves basal (mostly) [sometimes cauline, reduced]; alternate; petiolate
; blades
1-nerved, obovate-spatulate to rounded
, margins
crenate-serrate, strigose. Heads radiate
, borne singly. Involucres hemispheric
, [3-]4-6[-8] Ã 9-13 mm.
Phyllaries 13-14+ in (1-) 2(-3) series 1-nerved, oblong
, subequal
, herbaceous, margins entire, abaxial
faces
strigose. Receptacles conic [hemispheric or nearly flat] (± elongating with age), pitted
, epaleate. Ray florets 35-90 (in [1-]3-4 series), pistillate
, fertile
; corollas abaxially often pink- or purplish-tinged, adaxially white (closing at night). Disc florets 60-80+, bisexual
, fertile; corollas pale
yellow, tubes
much shorter than funnelform
[tubular
] throats
, lobes
5, erect or incurved
, deltate; style-branch appendages
deltate. Cypselae obconic, compressed
, marginally 2-ribbed, eglandular
[gland-dotted (sessile) ], faces short-strigose [glabrous
or ciliate-margined]; pappi 0 [bristles
]. x = 9.
Species 15: introduced
, North America; Mediterranean basin
, Europe, n Africa, Macaronesia; introduced also to temperate
areas worldwide.
O. Fiz et al.
(2002) showed that Bellis is closely related to Bellium Linnaeus and Bellidiastrum michelii Cassini (syn.
Aster bellidiastrum Scopoli). Subtribe
Bellidinae (Cassini ex
D. Don) Bentham should be expanded to include the latter in a group of scapiform perennials or annuals. Fiz et al. showed also that Crinitaria and Galatella (two segregates
of Aster in the broad sense complex
) are sister to Bellidinae. Exact relationships
of this group to other subtribes of Astereae are still undetermined.[1]
Physical Description
Species Bellis perennis
Rhizomes short, erect , herbaceous. Leaves: petioles winged , equaling or longer than blades ; blades 6-40 × 4-20 mm, bases ± attenuate, apices rounded . Peduncles lax , (3-) 5-15(-20) cm. Phyllaries: margins ciliolate , particularly distally, apices obtuse. Ray corollas 4-8(-11) mm. Disc corollas 1.5 mm. Cypselae 1-2 mm. 2n = 18. [source]
Habit: Forb/herb
Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May, June, July, August, September. • Flower Color: near white, pink, white
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 6-12" tall.
Habitat
Lawns and moist, waste
places, roadsides; 0-500+ m
[2].
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 4,212 meters (0 to 13,819 feet).[3]
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Perennial
Growth
Culture: Space 6-9" apart.
Soil: Minimum pH: 6.1 • Maximum pH: 7.5
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade.
Temperature: Cold Hardiness: 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)
Taxonomy
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
)
- Plants
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
)
- Vascular Plants
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
)
- Dicotyledons
- Order:
Asterales
(
)
- Family:
Noctuoidea
(
)
- Subfamily:
Asteroideae
(
)
- Subfamily:
Asteroideae
(
- Family:
Noctuoidea
(
- Order:
Asterales
(
- Class:
Magnoliopsida
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
. Latest taxonomic
scrutiny: 15-Mar-2000
Place of publication
: Sp.
pl. 2:886. 1753
Name verified on 20-May-1992 by ARS Systematic Botanists. Last updated: 16-Nov-1994
Similar Species
Members of the genus Bellis
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 157 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus. Here are just 100 of them:
B. aculeata · B. alpina · B. americana · B. annua · B. annua annua · B. annua minuta · B. annua subsp. minuta · B. annua subsp. repens · B. annua subsp. vandasii · B. annus · B. armena · B. atlantica · B. aunna · B. azorica · B. bernardi · B. bernardii · B. caerulescens · B. catalaunica · B. ciliaris · B. ciliata · B. cordifolla · B. croatica · B. dentata · B. dubia · B. glandulosa · B. graminea · B. habanera 'Blush' · B. helichrysoides · B. hortensis · B. hybrida · B. hyrcanica · B. integrifolia · B. latifolia · B. longifolia · B. magellanica · B. major · B. margaritifolia · B. mexicana · B. microcephala · B. mima · B. minor · B. nutans · B. orthopoda · B. pappulosa · B. papyculosa · B. paschalis · B. perennis (English Lawn Daisy) · B. perennis L. 'Alba' · B. perennis 'Alba Plena' · B. perennis 'Alice' · B. perennis 'Annie' · B. perennis 'Aucubifolia' · B. perennis 'B.ima Rose' · B. perennis 'Blue Moon' · B. perennis 'Bunter Teppich' · B. perennis 'Capel Ulo' · B. perennis 'Chevreuse' · B. perennis 'Conspicua' · B. perennis 'Crown' · B. perennis 'Dawn Raider' · B. perennis 'Deep Rose' (English Daisy) · B. perennis 'Die Braut' · B. perennis 'Double Bells' · B. perennis 'Dresden China' · B. perennis 'Eliza' · B. perennis 'Fairy Carpet' · B. perennis 'Flore Pleno' · B. perennis 'Galaxy Red' · B. perennis 'Galaxy Rose' · B. perennis 'Galaxy White' · B. perennis 'Habanera Mix' (English Daisy) · B. perennis 'Habanera White With Red Tips' (English Daisy) · B. perennis 'Helichrysiflora' · B. perennis L. 'Hortensis' · B. perennis 'Hullavington' · B. perennis 'Jocelyn Castle' · B. perennis 'Lilliput Rose' · B. perennis 'Lipstick' · B. perennis 'Longfellow' · B. perennis 'Lower Minety' · B. perennis 'Lutea' · B. perennis 'Madame Crousse' · B. perennis 'Mavourneen' · B. perennis 'Maxiskirt' · B. perennis 'Miniskirt' · B. perennis 'Miss Mason' · B. perennis 'Monstrosa' · B. perennis 'Monstrosa Mixed' (English Daisy) · B. perennis 'Monstrosa Tubulosa' · B. perennis 'Mount Etna' · B. perennis 'Odd Bod' · B. perennis 'Orkney Broccoli' · B. perennis 'Orkney Cauliflower' · B. perennis 'Parkinson's Double White' · B. perennis 'Parkinson's Great White' · B. perennis 'Piecrust' · B. perennis 'Pink Buttons' · B. perennis 'Polar Pink' · B. perennis 'Polar Red' · B. perennis 'Polar Strawberries and Cream'
More Info
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Further Reading
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- A monograph of the British Uredine and Ustilagine, with an account of their biology including the methods of observing the germination of their spores and of their experimental culture. By Charles B. Plowright. London, K. Paul, Trench, 1889. ENG url p. 175, p. 20, p. 325.
- Abhandlungen der K. K. Zool.-Botan. Gesellschaft in Wien. Wien: Alfred Hlder, K.U.K. Hof-und Universitts-Buchndler, 1901-1918. GER url p. 32.
- Abhandlungen der Naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Nrnberg. Nrnberg: Conrad Geiger, 1852- GER url p. 22, p. 396.
- Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen. Bremen: Im Selbstverlag des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins, 1866- GER url p. 293, p. 318, p. 449, p. 466, p. 472, p. 76.
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- Die Pljesivica und ihr Verbindungszug mit dem Velebit in botanischer Hinsicht. A Pljesvica s a Velebittel sszekt hegyvonulat botan. viszonyai. Von Ludwig Rossi. Budapest, Pallas Irodalmi s Nyomdai Rszvnytrsasg, 1913. GER url p. 62.
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- Flora Aconiensis; seu, Plantarum in Novariensi Provincia sponte nascentium descriptio. [Novara]Ex Typographia Viglevanensi, 1808. LAT url p. 82.
- Flora Aetnea, seu, Descriptio plantarum in Monte Aetna sponte nascentium / auctore Francisco Tornabene. Catinae: Ex Typis Francisci Galati, 1889-1892. LAT url p. 464.
- Flora Berolinensis, sive, Enumeratio plantarum circa Berolinum sponte crescentium secundum familias naturales disposita / auctore Carolo Sigismundo Kunth. Berolini: Duncker et Humblot, 1838. LAT url p. 334.
- Flora Einsidlensis: systematische Aufzhlung der in Einsiedeln freiwachsenden und hufiger cultivirten Gefsspflanzen / von Thomas A. Bruhin. [Einsiedeln; K. und N. Benziger, 1864]. GER url p. 32.
- Flora Friburgensis et regionum proxime adjacentium, auctore F.C.L. Spenner. Friburgi Brisgoviae, Typis Friderici Wagner, 1825-1829. LAT url p. 1067.
- Flora Italica; sistens plantas in Italia et in insulis circumstantibus sponte nascentes. Bononiae, R. Masi, 1833-1854. LAT url p. 316, p. 319.
- Flora Lusatica, oder, Verzeichniss und Beschreibung der in der Ober- und Niederlausitz wildwachsenden und hufig cultivirten Pflanzen, von L. Rabenhorst. Leipzig, E. Kummer, 1839-1840. GER url p. 291.
- Flora Parisiensis, ou, Descriptions et figures des plantes qui croissent aux environs de Paris; avec les diffrens noms, classes, ordres et genres qui leur conviennent, rangs suivant la mthode sexuelle de M. Linn, leurs par Mr. Bulliard. Paris, P.F. Didot, 1776-1783. FRE url p. 19.
- Flora Rossica; sive, Enumeratio plantarum in totius Imperii Rossici provinciis Europaeis, Asiaticis et Americanis hucusque observatarum, auctore Carolo Friderico a Ledebour. Stuttgartiae, Sumptibus Librariae E. Schweizerbart, 1842-1853. LAT url p. 492, p. 626.
- Flora Sardoa; seu Historia plantarum in Sardinia et adjacentibus insulis vel sponte nascentium vel ad utilitatem latius excultarum, auctore Josepho Hyacintho Moris. Taurini, Ex Regio Typographeo, 1837-59. LAT url p. 350.
- Flora Saxonica. Die Flora von Sachsen, ein botanisches Excursionsbuch. Nebst Schlssel zum erleichterten Bestimmen der Gattungen nach Linnee's Sexualsystem und deutschem und lateinischem Register. Hrsg. von H. G. L. Reichenbach. DresdenIn der Arnoldischen Buchhandlung, 1842. GER url p. 142.
- Flora Taurinensis, sive, Enumeratio plantarum circa Taurinensem urbem nascentium / auctore Johanne Baptista Balbis. Taurini: Ex Typographia J. Giossi, 1806. LAT url p. 142.
- Flora balearica, tude phytogographique sur les les Balares, par Herman Knoche. [Montpellier, France, Imp. Roumgous et Dhan]1921-1923. FRE url p. 62, p. 72.
- Flora britannica / auctore Jacobo Edvardo Smith. Londini: Typis J. Davis, Veneunt apud J. White, 1800-1804. LAT url p. 897.
- Flora del Modenese e del Reggiano / dei Professori G. Gibelli e R. Pirotta. Modena: Tip. di G.T. Vincenzi, 1882. ITA url p. 88.
- Flora del Tirolo meridionale; ossia, Descrizione delle specie fanerogame che crescono spontanee sopra il suolo trentino e nelle terre adjacenti comprese fra la catena delle Alpi Retiche sino al confini del Lombardo-Veneto loro pro da Francesco Ambrosi. Padova, A. Sicca, 1854-57. ITA url p. 657.
- Flora der Nordfriesischen Inseln / von Paul Knuth. Kiel; Lipsius & Tischer, 1895. GER url p. 10, p. 16, p. 74.
- Flora der Schweiz, von Joh. Hegetschweiler. Fortgesetzt und hrsg. von Osw. Heer. Zrich, F. Schulthess, 1840. GER url p. 821.
- Flora der Schweiz: zum Gebrauche auf Exkursionen, in Schulen und beim Selbstunterricht / von Hans Schinz und Robert Keller. Zrich: A. Raustein, 1909-1914. GER url p. 215.
- Flora der Stadt Lemberg: oder Beschreibung, der um Lemberg wildwachsenden Pflanzen, nach ihrer Blthezeit geordnet / von Alexander Zawadski. Lemberg: Kuhn und Millikowski, 1836. GER url p. 176.
- Flora der Umgebung Lemsals und Laudohns; zwei Beitrge zur Flora Livlands, von A. Rapp. Hrsg. und mit einer phytogeographischen Einleitung versehen von J. Klinge. Riga, W.F. Hcker, 1895. GER url p. 17, p. 18, p. 67.
- Flora der ostfriesischen Inseln. Norden und Norderney, H. Braams, 1881. GER url p. 81.
- Flora hibernica: comprising the flowering plants, ferns, Charace, Musci, Hepatic, Lichenes and Alg of Ireland: arranged according to the natural system with a synopsis of the genera according to the Linnan system / by James Townsend Mackay. Dublin: W. Curry jun., 1836. ENG url p. 149.
- Flora italiana; ossia, Descrizione delle piante che crescono spontanee o vegetano come tali in Italia e nelle isole ad essa aggaicenti; disposta secondo il metodo naturale. Firenze, Tip. Le Monnier, 1848-1896. ITA url p. 17.
- Flora melitensis nova [by] S. Sommier et A. Caruana Gatto. Firenze, Stabilimento Pellas, 1915. ITA url p. 172.
- Flora of Berkshire County, Massachusetts. Boston, 1922. ENG url p. 354.
- Flora of Costa Rica by Paul C. Standley Chicago, 1937. ENG url p. 40.
- Flora of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, by L. L. Dame and F. S. Collins. Malden, Middlesex Institute, 1888. ENG url p. 49.
- Flora of Pennsylvania. Edited with the addition of analytical keys by John Kunkel Small. Boston, Ginn & Co., 1903. ENG url p. 318.
- Flora padovana; ossia, Prospetto floristico e fitogeografico delle piante vascolari indigene inselvatichite o largamente coltivate crescenti nella provincia di Padova; con notizie storico-bibliografiche sulle fonti d Padova, Prem. Soc. coop. tip., 1909-1914. ITA url p. 552, p. 640, p. 688, p. 695.
- Flora piacentina; ossia, Enumerazione sistematica delle piante della provincia di Piacenza, coll'indicazione delle loro stazioni, dei caratteri principali di ciascuna famiglia, dei nomi italiani, di quelli del dialetto Piacenza, Tip. F. Solari, 1877. ITA url p. 180.
- Flora van Helder; handleiding tot het bestemmen der in en om Helder, huisduinen en het koegras wildgroeiende en op openbare plaatsen algemeen aangeplante kruiden, heesters en boomen bewerkt door Julie Hoek en H.C. Redeke. Helder, C. de Boer, 1901. DUT url p. 16, p. 192.
- Flora von Bern; systematische Uebersicht der in der Gegend von Bern wildwachsenden und allgemein cultivirten Phanerogamen und Gefsskryptogamen, von L. Fischer. Bern, Huber, 1888. GER url p. 278.
- Flora von Bielefeld, zugleich die Standorte der seltneren Pflanzen im brigen Westfalen. Bielefeld, A. Helmich, 1837. GER url p. 273.
- Flora von Fiume. [Wien, 1879] GER url p. 361.
- Flora von Halle, mit nherer Bercksichtigung der Umgegend von Weissenfels, Naumburg, Freiburg, Bibra, Nebra, Querfurt, Allstedt, Artern, Eisleben, Hettstedt, Sandersleben, Aschersleben, Stassfurt, Bernburg, Kthen, Dess Halle, Anton, 1848-1856. GER url p. 230.
- Flora von Nieder-sterreich. Handbuch zur Bestimmung smmtlicher in diesem Kronlande und den angrenzenden Gebieten wildwachsenden, hufig gebauten und verwildert vorkommenden Samenpflanzen und Fhrer zu weiteren botanischen Forsc Wein, C. Gerold, 1890-93. GER url p. 1166, p. 56, p. 59.
- Flora von Niedersterreich. Zum Gebrauche auf Excursionen und zum Selbstunterricht bearbeitet von Eugen von Halcsy. Prag, F. Tempsky, 1896. GER url p. 263.
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- Flora von Pommern. Cslin, Hendess, 1828-1835. GER url p. 247.
- Flora von Schlesien, preussischen und sterreichischen Antheils, oder, Vom oberen Oder- und Weichsel-Quellen-Gebiet. Nach natrlichen Familien, mit Hinweisung auf das Linnische System. Breslau, F. Hirt, 1857. GER url p. 250.
- Flora von Steiermark: systematische bersicht der in Steiermark wildwachsenden und allgemein gebauten blhenden Gewchse und Farne: mit Angabe der Standorte, der Bltezeit und Dauer / aus dem Nachlasse von Josef Karl Maly. Wien: Wilhelm Braumller, 1868. GER url p. 84.
- Flora von Tirol. Ein Verzeichniss der in Tirol und Vorarlberg wild wachsenden und hesiger gebauten Gefsspflanzen. Mit Bercksichtigung ihrer Verbreitung und rtlichen Verhltnisse verfasst und nach Koch's Synopsis d von Frz. Freih. v. Hausmann. Innsbruck, Wagner, 1851. GER url p. 1440, p. 1556, p. 426.
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- Florae Megapolitanae prodromus: exhibens plantas Ducatus Megapolitano-Suerinensis spontaneas: maxime secundum systema Linneano-Thunbergianum digestas / auctore Joachim Christian Timm. Lipsiae: Apud Heredes J.G. Mulleri, 1788. LAT url p. 286.
- Florae Romanae prodromus alter: exhibens plantas vasculares circa Romam in Cisapenninis pontificiae dictionis provinciis in Umbria et Piceno sponte venientes: secundum sexuale systema dispositas / a Petro Sanguinetti. Romae: Ex Typographeo Bonarum Artium, 1864. LAT url p. 697.
- Floral emblems. By Henry Phillips. London, Saunders and Otley, 1825. ENG url p. 188.
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Notes
Contributors
- "Bellis perennis". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 21,23. Published by Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 12, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 50 providers.
- USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. URL (April 26, 2008)
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:
- Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
- The Danish Biodiversity Information Facility, Botany registration database by Danish botanists
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Botanical Society of the British Isles - Vascular Plants Database
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2658155
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: ITS-36826
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13830236
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:184409-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 6728
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 36826
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDAST14010
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: BEPE2
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 24655
Footnotes
- Luc Brouillet "Bellis". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 16,20, 22, 23. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- "Bellis perennis". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 21,23. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 177.590 meters (582.644 feet), Standard Deviation = 209.780 based on 8,908 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
