Overview
Interesting Facts
Common Names
Common Names in English:
American Winter-Cress, American Yellowrocket, Erectpod Wintercress, Wintercress
Description
Physical Description
Species Barbarea orthoceras
Herbs biennial or perennial , (10-) 20-60(-100) cm tall. Stems erect , angled , glabrous throughout. Basal and lowermost cauline leaves petiolate ; petiole (0.5-) 1-5(-7) cm, glabrous or rarely ciliate basally; leaf blade (1-) 1.5-4(-6) cm, lyrate-pinnatifid, with (1 or) 2-4(-6) lobes on each side of rachis, rarely unlobed, not fleshy ; lateral lobes oblong or ovate , 2-10 × 1-5 mm, entire; terminal lobe considerably larger than lateral ones, 1.5-5 × 1-2.5 cm. Cauline leaves usually lyrate-pinnatifid, with 1-4 lateral lobes, rarely coarsely toothed , sessile, conspicuously auriculate ; auricles ovate or narrowly oblong, to 8 × 5 mm, ciliate, entire; lateral lobes oblong or ovate, rarely lanceolate, to 2 × 1 cm, glabrous, entire; terminal lobe much larger than lateral ones, to 5 × 3 cm, entire, repand , or rarely dentate . Racemes ebracteate , elongated considerably in fruit. Sepals yellow, oblong, 2.5-3.5 × 1-1.5 mm, erect, margin scarious , lateral pair slightly saccate . Petals yellow or pale yellow, oblanceolate , rounded , (3-) 4-5(-6) × 1.5-2 mm, attenuate to base . Filaments yellow, 3-4.5 mm; anthers oblong, ca. 1 mm. Fruiting pedicels erect or ascending , (2-) 3-6(-7) mm, terete or subquadrangular, glabrous, stout, slightly narrower than fruit. Fruit linear, (1.5-) 2-4(-5) cm × 1.2-1.5 mm, terete-subquadrangular, torulose , erect to erect-ascending; gynophore to 0.3 mm; valves apex obtuse to subacute ; style stout, 0.5-1(-1.2) mm. Seeds brown, ovate or oblong, 1.2-1.5 × 0.9-1 mm, uniseriate , somewhat plump, wingless. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Aug-Sep. 2n = 16. [source]
Habit: Forb/herb
Flowers: Bloom Period: April, May. • Flower Color: yellow
Size/Age/Growth
Size: 6-12" tall.
Habitat
Open grasslands, scree, temperate mixed forests , river and streamsides, moist grassy slopes ; 400-2100 m [1].
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 3,180 meters (0 to 10,433 feet).[2]
Biology
Reproduction
Duration: Biennial, Perennial
Growth
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun .
Taxonomy
- Domain:
Eukaryota
(
)
- Whittaker & Margulis,1978
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
Plantae
()
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
()
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
()
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
()
- Class:
Spermatopsida
()
- Brongniart, 1843
- Subclass:
Rosidae
()
- Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder:
Ranunculanae
()
- Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order:
Brassicales
()
- Bromhead, 1838
- Family:
Cruciferae
()
- A.L. de Jussieu, 1789, nom. cons., nom. alt.
- Tribe:
Cardamineae
()
- Genus:
Barbarea
()
- R. Brown, in W. Aiton & W.T. Aiton, 1812, nom. cons.
- Specific epithet:
orthoceras
- Ledeb.
- Botanical name: - Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb.
- Specific epithet:
orthoceras
- Ledeb.
- Genus:
Barbarea
(
- Tribe:
Cardamineae
(
- Family:
Cruciferae
(
- Order:
Brassicales
(
- Superorder:
Ranunculanae
(
- Subclass:
Rosidae
(
- Class:
Spermatopsida
(
- Subphylum:
Euphyllophytina
(
- Phylum:
Tracheophyta
(
- Subkingdom:
Viridaeplantae
(
- Kingdom:
Plantae
(
Synonyms
B. cochlearifolia H. Boissieu • B. hondoensis Nakai • B. orthoceras var. formosana Kitamura • B. patens H. Boissieu • B. vulgaris R. Brown var. orthoceras (Ledebour) Regel. • Barbarea americana Rydb. • Barbarea americana Rydberg • Barbarea orthoceras var. dolichocarpa Fern. • Barbarea Vulgaris Orthoceras • Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. var. orthoceras (Ledeb.) Regel • Campe Orthoceras
Notes
Name
Status: Accepted Name
.
Last scrutiny: 2009
Similar Species
Members of the genus Barbarea
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 10 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
B. australis (Native Wintercress) · B. balcana (Balkan Yellow Rocket) · B. bosniaca (Bosnian Yellow Rocket) · B. intermedia (Medium-Flowered Winter-Cress) · B. orthoceras (American Winter-Cress) · B. verna (Belle Isle Cress) · B. vulgaris (Creasy) · B. vulgaris var. hirsuta (Yellow Rocket) · B. vulgaris 'Variegata' (Creasy) · B. vulgaris 'Variegated Winter' (Upland Cress)
More Info
- Search for Pictures: images.google.com
- Search for Scholarly Articles: Google Scholar
- Search using Scientific Name and Vernacular Names: All the Web | AltaVista Canada | AltaVista | Excite | Google | HotBot | Lycos
- Search using Specialized Databases: GenBank | Medline | Scirus | CISTI/CAL | Agricola Periodicals | Agricola Books
Further Reading
- A botanical exploration of the north shore of the gulf of St. Lawrence including an annotated list of the species of vascular plants, Ottawa, F. A. Acland, printer, 1922. url p. 124, p. 16.
- A flora of California, by Willis Linn Jepson. San Francisco, Calif., Cunningham, Curtis & Welch, 1909- url p. 51.
- A manual of the flora of northern Idaho /Carl Epling and Joe Ewan. 2 1941 1941. url p. 223.
- A report upon the boreal flora of the Sierra Nevada of California / by Frank Jason Smiley. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1921. url p. 202.
- A vegetation index of biotic integrity for small-order streams in southwest Montana and a floristic quality assessment for western Montana wetlands / [Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, c2005]. url .
- Aquatic and wetland plants of southwestern United States, by Donovan S. Correll and Helen B. Correll. [Washington]Environmental Protection Agency; [For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off.]1972. url p. 981.
- Brigham Young University science bulletin. 14 1971 Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University, [1955-1976] url fig. 26, page 29.
- Budd's flora of the Canadian Prairie Provinces / [Ottawa]: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1987. url p. 396.
- Catalog of hymenoptera in America north of Mexico / prepared cooperatively by specialists on the various groups of Hymenoptera under the direction of Karl V. Krombein. .. [et al.]. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1979- url , p. 1752, p. 1764, p. 1795, p. 1797, p. 1810, p. 1821, p. 1835, p. 2033, p. 2048.
- Flora of Japan: in English: combined, much revised and extended translation / by the author of his Flora of Japan (1953) and Flora of Japan, Pteridophyta (1957); edited by Frederick G. Meyer and Egbert H. Walker. Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1965. url p. 486.
- Flora of the Queen Charlotte Islands. [Ottawa: Queen's Printer], 1968-. url p. 105, p. 360, p. 587, p. 63, p. 68.
- Flora of the northwest coast, including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon. Lancaster, Pa., Press of the New Era Printing Company, 1915. url .
- Flora of the northwest coast: including the area west of the summit of the Cascade Mountains, from the forty-ninth parallel south to the Calapooia Mountains on the south border of Lane County, Oregon / by Charles V. Piper and R. Kent Beattie. Lancaster, Pa.: Press of the New era printing company, 1915. url p. 176.
- Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1987 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 254.
- Leaflets of western botany. San Fransisco:[J. T. Howell], 1932-1966. url p. 12, p. 202.
- Muhlenbergia. Chico, Calif. [etc] url p. 124.
- Occasional papers - San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego, The Society. url p. 60.
- Phytologia memoirs. Plainfield, N.J.: H.N. Moldenke and A.L. Moldenke, 1980- url p. 292.
- Phytologia. Bronx Park, New York, H.A. Gleason and H.N. Moldenke, url p. 280, p. 83.
- Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 4th series. San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences. url p. 621, p. 682.
- Rare plant inventory and plant community descriptions of the Sweet Grass Hills, Proposed Area of Critical Environmental Concern (PACEC), Toole and Liberty Counties, Montana / prepared for United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management; prepared by Western Technology and Engineering, Inc. in cooperation with Montana Natural Heritage Program. Helena, MT: Western Technology and Engineering, Inc., [1989] url .
- Sensitive plant species survey, Garfield and McCone Counties, Montana / prepared by Bonnie L. Heidel; prepared for Bureau of Land Management. Helena, MT: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1994] url p. 42.
- Syllogeus. Ottawa, National Museum of Natural Sciences, 1972-1995. url p. 41.
- The Aleutian islands: their people and natural history (with keys for the identification of the birds and plants) City of Washington: Smithsonian Institution, 1945. url p. 103.
- The Canadian field-naturalist. Ottawa, Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. url p. 108, p. 12, p. 133, p. 145, p. 16, p. 172, p. 184, p. 207, p. 258, p. 264, p. 271, p. 290, p. 312, p. 614, p. 624, p. 687, p. 76, p. 760, p. 81.
- The Great Basin naturalist. 43 1983 Provo, Utah: M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, 1939-1999. url p. 107, p. 13, p. 302.
- The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 42 1914 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 568.
- The plants of Prince Edward Island / Ottawa: Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, 1985. url p. 162.
- University of California publications in botany. Berkeley, Calif., University of California Press, 1902-2001. url p. 202.
- Vascular plant and sensitive plant species inventory for the highland mountains, Deerlodge National Forest; prepared for Deerlodge National Forest / prepared by Peter Lesica. Helena, Mont.: Montana Natural Heritage Program, [1992] url p. 22.
Notes
Contributors
- "Barbarea orthoceras". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 111. Published by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Bisby, F.A., Y.R. Roskov, M.A. Ruggiero, T.M. Orrell, L.E. Paglinawan, P.W. Brewer, N. Bailly, J. van Hertum, eds (2007). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2007 Annual Checklist. Species 2000: Reading, U.K.
- Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.
- Brassicaceae species checklist and database. Release date: December 10, 2009
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Accessed November 12, 2007. http://www.gbif.org Mediated distribution data from 23 providers.
- Ruggiero M., Gordon D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Nicolson D. (2011). The Catalogue of Life Taxonomic Classification, Edition 2, Part A. In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist (Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D., eds). DVD; Species 2000: Reading, UK.
Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 12, 2007:
- Berkeley Natural History Museums, University and Jepson Herbaria DiGIR provider
- Canadian Museum of Nature, Canadian Museum of Nature Herbarium
- National Institute of Genetics, ROIS, Herbarium Specimens of Museum of Nature and Human Activities, Hyogo Pref., Japan
- Oregon State University, Vascular Plant Collection
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Arizona State University Vascular Plant Herbarium
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, The Deaver Herbarium, Northern Arizona University
- Taiwan Biodiversity Information Facility, Magnoliophyta
- USDA PLANTS, USDA PLANTS Database
- University of Alaska Museum of the North, University of Alaska Museum of the North Herbarium
- University of Washington Burke Museum, Vascular Plant Collection - University of Washington Herbarium
- Utah State University, USU-UTC Specimen Database
- Utah Valley State College
- , Utah Valley State College Herbarium
Identifiers
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2648451
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Mus-524
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13742099
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:278881-1
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 22740
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 29449-2
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PDBRA0A010
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: BAORD
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 24854
Footnotes
- "Barbarea orthoceras". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 111. Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]
- Mean = 783.100 meters (2,569.226 feet), Standard Deviation = 786.470 based on 782 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]
