Baccharis genistelloides

• Interesting Facts
• Description
• Biology
• Taxonomy
• Similar Species
• More Info
• Further Reading
• Notes

Interesting Facts

Description

Family Compositae

The largest family of flowering plants , the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many small flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Genus Baccharis

Perennials , subshrubs , shrubs , or trees , 10-600 cm (dioecious [rarely monoecious], usually glabrous , often resinous ; bases woody, rarely rhizomatous ). Stems (1-20+) usually erect or ascending , rarely prostrate (usually striate-angled, rarely terete and smooth ; usually green), glabrous, glabrate , hispidulous , or villous , often resinous. Leaves cauline (sometimes withering and sparse or absent at flowering) ; alternate; sessile or petiolate ; blades 1- or 3-nerved, linear , lanceolate, ovate , oblong , obovate , or rhombic (usually reduced distally), margins entire or coarsely serrate, faces usually glabrous, rarely hispidulous or villous, often gland-dotted and resinous. Heads (sessile or pedicellate , unisexual ) discoid , usually in paniculiform or corymbiform , sometimes racemiform arrays or borne singly. Involucres cylindric to campanulate or hemispheric , 3-9 mm diam. Phyllaries 20-40 in 2-5 series (mid usually green, sometimes red or purple), 1-nerved, ovate to lanceolate, unequal, margins usually scarious , often erose or ciliate , sometimes keeled (midribs evident or not, apices obtuse to acute or acuminate, sometimes keeled), usually glabrous, rarely hispid . Receptacles flat, tholiform, or conic, pitted or smooth (glabrous, tomentose , or glandular ), usually epaleate. Functionally staminate florets 10-50 ; corollas white to pale yellow, tubes about equal to narrowly funnelform throats , lobes 5, spreading-reflexed, deltate to lance-ovate (pappi of 20-40 equal, often crisped and minutely barbellate or distally plumose bristles ). Pistillate florets 20-150; corollas whitish, filiform-tubular, lobes 5, spreading-reflexed, ± deltate to lance-ovate; style branches (glabrate, flattened), appendages lacking. Cypselae light brown, obovoid to cylindric, ± compressed , 5-10-nerved, glabrous or hispid; pappi persistent or falling, of 25-50 whitish to tawny , rarely brownish (elongating and usually surpassing phyllaries in fruit), minutely barbellate, apically attenuate bristles in 1-3 series. x = 9.

Species 350-450: mostly New World tropics and warm-temperate regions, especially diverse in South America.

Baccharis comprises mostly dioecious shrubs with gland-dotted leaves and is sister to the polygamo-dioecious genera Archibaccharis and Heterothalamus. Sections have been delimited within Baccharis (e.g. , D. A. Giuliano 2001; Giuliano and G. L. Nesom 2003; Nesom 1990h, 1998). Species of Baccharis often occur in wet sites such as stream banks, washes, ditches, and marshes. Useful taxonomic characters include habit, branching structure, leaf shape , size, margins, and vestiture , arrangement of heads , and number of nerves on cypselae. Collectors should try to collect both staminate and pistillate individuals to facilitate identification.

Hybridization and introgression have been found between Baccharis halimifolia and B . neglecta, and between B. halimifolia and B. angustifolia. Intermediates between B. thesioides and B. bigelovii have been collected in southern Arizona.

Baccharis is of little economic importance, except for species that are invasive or toxic to livestock (P. E. Boldt 1989). Baccharis is not generally palatable to cattle; it could become the only forage available as a result of overgrazing. In the southwestern United States, B. pteronioides is a hazard to cattle; B. halimifolia, B. angustifolia, and B. glomeruliflora cause similar problems in the eastern United States (G. E. Burrows and R. J. Tyrl 2001). Baccharis pilularis invades overgrazed or eroded rangelands in California and Oregon. Baccharis halimifolia has been introduced in Australia, infesting large areas along the eastern coast, prompting the search for biological control agents (Boldt).

Neomolina F. H. Hellwig is an illegitimate , later homonym that has been applied to species included here in Baccharis.[1]

Physical Description

Biology

Growth

Culture: Space 24-36" apart.

Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full sun .

Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High

Taxonomy

Synonyms

Baccharis Genistellioides • Baccharis genistellioides Lam.

Notes

Name Status: Accepted Name .

Comment: Data Providers: Govaerts World Compositae Checklist A-G, IPNI, Tropicos, Colombia, Paramo. GCC LSID: urn :lsid:compositae.org:names:3873BE18-9532-4890-93A4-0502E12FD4CC

Last scrutiny: 21-Aug-09

Similar Species

Members of the genus Baccharis

ZipcodeZoo has pages for 35 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:

B. angustifolia (Salt-Water False-Willow) · B. B. halimifolia (Eastern Baccharis) · B. bigelovii (Bigelow Baccharis) · B. brachyphylla (Short-Leaf False-Willow) · B. dioica (Broom-Bush Baccharis) · B. douglasii (Douglas' False-Willow) · B. emoryi (Emory Baccharis) · B. glomeruliflora (Groundsel Baccharis) · B. halimifolia (Consumption Weed) · B. havardii (Havard's False Willow) · B. indica (Indian Camphorweed) · B. magellanica (Baccharis) · B. malibuensis (Malibu Baccharis) · B. myrsinites (Santo Domingo False Willow) · B. neglecta (Jara Dulce) · B. patagonica (Patagonian Groundsel Tree) · B. pilularis (Bush Baccharis) · B. pilularis var. consanguinea 'Pozo Surf' (Lowly Coyote Bush) · B. pilularis var. pilularis (Coyotebrush) · B. pilularis 'Pigeon Point' (Dwarf Coyote Brush) · B. pilularis 'Santa Ana' (Dwarf Bachharis) · B. pilularis 'Twin Peaks' (Bush Baccharis) · B. plummerae (Plummer's Baccharis) · B. plummerae subsp. glabrata (Smooth Baccharis) · B. pteronioides (Yerba De Pasmo) · B. salicifolia (Mule Fat) · B. salicina (Great Plains False Willow) · B. sarothoides (Broom Baccharis) · B. sarothroides (Broom Baccharis) · B. sergiloides (Squaw False-Willow) · B. texana (Prairie Baccharis) · B. thesioides (Arizona Baccharis) · B. vanessae (Baccharis) · B. veneta (Jimmyweed) · B. wrightii (Wright Baccharis)

More Info

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Further Reading

• A catalogue of the Coccidæ of the world. [By] Mrs. Maria E. Fernald, A.M. Amherst, Mass., Carpenter & Morehouse, 1903. url p. 163.
• Archivos. Rio de JaneiroImprensa Nacional url p. 288, p. 93, p. 98.
• Botanical Museum leaflets, Harvard University. 29 1983 Cambridge, Mass.: Botanical Museum, Harvard University, 1932- url p. 377.
• Bulletin / Hatch Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. [S.l.: s.n.], 1888- url p. 163.
• Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden. 3 1903-1905 Lancaster, Pa.: Published for the Garden by the New Era Printing Co., url p. 206, p. 30.
• Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 1904 31 New York: Torrey Botanical Club, 1870-1996 url , , p. 106, p. 685, p. 686, p. 687, p. 688, p. 689, p. 690, p. 691, p. 692, p. 693, p. 696.
• C. E. Hobbs Botanical hand-book of common local, English, botanical and pharmacopial names arranged in alphabetical order, of most of the crude vegetable drugs, etc., in common use. Especially designed as a reference book for druggists and apothecaries. Comp. and pub. by Charles E. Hobbs. Boston, Printed by C.C. Roberts, 1876. url p. 149.
• Compositae newsletter. Columbus, Ohio: Dept. of Botany, Ohio State University, 1975- url p. 18, p. 64.
• Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1892- url .
• Contributions from the Herbarium of Columbia College. New York: Columbia College, 1886-1896. url p. 247.
• Contributions from the New York Botanical Garden. New York: The Garden, 1899- url , , , , , p. 685, p. 692, p. 696.
• Flora medica; a botanical account of all the more important plants used in medicine in different parts of the world. London, Longman, 1838. url p. 455.
• Hooker, W. J. Botanical miscellany. London: J. Murray, 1830-1833. url p. 223, p. 224, p. 420.
• IUCN Directory of Neotropical Protected Areas IUCN url p. 143.
• International catalogue of scientific literature. London: Published for the International Council by the Royal Society of London, 1902-1919. url p. 154, p. 463.
• International review of the science and practice of agriculture. Rome: International Institute of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Intelligence and Plant Diseases, 1916-1926. url .
• J.M. Nickell's botanical ready reference: especially designed for druggists and physicians: containing all of the botanical drugs known up to the present time, giving their medical properties, and all of their botanical, common, pharmacopoea compiled by J. M. Nickell. Chicago: Murray & Nickell Mfg. Co., 1911. url p. 148.
• Journal of ethnobiology. 14 1994 Flagstaff, Ariz.: Center for Western Studies, 1981- url p. 240.
• MAB Biosphere Reserves: Site Descriptions, post compilation 5 (October 1990) UNESCO MAB Programme url .
• Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. Washington, etc.: Entomological Society of Washington url p. 34.
• Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. London, Published for the Linnean Society of London by Academic Press [etc.], 1848-1968. url p. 343.
• Proceedings of the United States National Museum. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, [etc.] url p. 404.
• Reports of the Princeton University Expeditions to Patagonia, 1896-1899. J. B. Hatcher in charge. Edited by William B. Scott. Princeton, The University, 1901-32 [v. 1, 1903] url p. 803, p. 803.
• Suggestions received by the Agricultural & Horticultural Society of India for extending the cultivation and introduction of useful and ornamental plants: with a view to the improvement of the agricultural and commercial resources of India / compiled by Henry Harpur Spry. Calcutta: Bishop's College Press, 1841. url p. 178, p. 192.
• The Gardeners' chronicle: a weekly illustrated journal of horticulture and allied subjects. London: [Gardeners Chronicle], 1874-1955. url p. 244.
• The Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany. 35 1901-04 London: the Society: Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green: ||Williams and Norgate, 1865-1968. url p. 86.
• The Monthly bulletin of the State Commission of Horticulture. Sacramento, Calif.: The Commission, 1911-1919. url p. 306.
• The Review of applied entomology. Farnham Royal, Eng., etc.: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, etc. url p. 387, p. 563.
• The ethnobotany of Chinchero, an Andean community in southern Peru / Christine Franquemont. .. [et al.]. 24 1990 Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, c1990. url fig. 22 , p. 115, p. 118, p. 52.
• Torreya. Burlington, Vt., Torrey Botanical Club, 1901-1945. url p. 193, p. 95.
• Transactions of the Linnean Society of London. London: [The Society], 1791-1875. url p. 349.
• Travels in Brazil, in the years 1817-1820, : undertaken by command of His majesty the King of Bavaria by Dr. Joh.Babt. von Spix and Dr. C. F. Phil. von Martius / London, Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, Brown and Green;1824. url p. 97.
• Boldt, P. E. 1989. Baccharis (Asteraceae): A Review of Its Taxonomy, Phytochemistry, Ecology, Economic Status, Natural Enemies and the Potential for Its Biological Control in the United States. Temple, Tex.
• Cuatrecasas, J. 1968. Notas adicionales, taxonómicas y corológicas sobre Baccharis. Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 13: 201226.
• Jackson, J. D. 1972. The evolution of functional dioecism in the genus Baccharis (Compositae). [Abstract.] Brittonia 24: 121.
• Mahler, W. F. and U. T. Waterfall. 1964. Baccharis (Compositae) in Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico. SouthW. Naturalist 9: 189202.
• Nesom, G. L. 1990h. Infrageneric taxonomy of North and Central American Baccharis (Asteraceae: Astereae). Phytologia 68: 4046.

Notes

Contributors

• Brands, S.J. (comp.) 1989-present. The Taxonomicon. Universal Taxonomic Services, Zwaag, The Netherlands. Accessed January 10, 2012.

Data Sources

Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 28, 2007:

• Australian National Herbarium
• , Australian National Herbarium
• Herbarium of the University of Aarhus, The AAU Herbarium Database
• Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
• SysTax, Herbarium Universitat Ulm
• SysTax, SysTax

Identifiers

• Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 3442979
• Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Ast-7191
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 13540951
• Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:183310-1
• Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 720611

Footnotes

1. Scott D. Sundberg , David J. Bogler "Baccharis". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 3,5, 6, 23, 24, 34. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org. [back]

©2004-2012 David Stang. All rights reserved.